MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER; AN AGRICULTURAL AND-FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
403 
I! 
dMtjjfirii miii Barbra. 
DWARF PEAR TREES. 
The culture of dwarf fruit trees is be¬ 
coming very general in this country, par¬ 
ticularly in city and village gardens and 
nurseries. Their productiveness and boauty 
and the comparatively small space they oc¬ 
cupy, commend them to public attention, 
and dwarf pear trees are especially receiving 
the notice of fruit growers. 
DWARF PEAR TREE. 
Wo givo above an engraving of one of 
these treos, which has beon suffered to grow 
without pruning or training. They aro most 
generally trained in a pyramidial form — 
the larger and longer branches near the 
ground, and the circular form preserved by 
cutting back and pruning. The natural or 
pear stock is little employed, as on the 
quinco or Doucain slocks the} 7 can bo bro’t 
into bearing in three or four years, while 
double that time is required without this 
preparation. 
Dwarf treos of any kind require constant 
attention to ensuro profit. But with such 
care they richly repay the cultivator. For 
small gardens or plantations they recom¬ 
mend themselves by their adaptation, from 
the space they givo for a variety of trees, 
their early bearing, easo of access to the 
fruit, exemption from exposure to winds and 
storms, and in the increase of productive¬ 
ness, and in the size of the fruit abovo the 
common standard trees. 
THE POTATO ONIGN. 
Many arc not ovon aware of the existonco 
of this excellent vegetable, and few cultivate 
it—why, wo could never learn. Having 
been quito successful for several years, in 
its cultivation, wo will give the reader our 
method 
Soil. —The best soil for the potato onion 
is the same as for the common black soed 
onion, namely, a rich, light, clay loam.— 
Lighter or stiffer soils will answer ; but they 
should bo warm, well drained, and if not 
rich, bo made so; for a good crop of any 
kind of onions cannot bo produced on poor 
ground. 
Manure. — This depends entirely upon 
the soil, and must bo varied accordingly. If 
the soil be a cold, stiff clay, it will require 
fifty to one hundred bushels of lime per 
acre to lighten it, and twonty cords of horso 
rnanuro to warm and enrich it. Pig manure 
would be the next best, w r ero it not apt to 
breed a grub that eats the onion roots and 
kills them. Guano is a very excellent ma¬ 
nure. Plow in three hundred to five hun¬ 
dred pounds per acre, according to the 
goodness of the land. 
If the soil is loamy, apply barn yard ma- 
nure, and twenty-five bushels of lime per 
acre, together with guano, ashes, or any fer¬ 
tilizing substance. 
If the soil is light gravel or sand, cattlo 
manure or rich swamy muck is the best. It 
would bo well to add fifty bushels of ashes 
per acre, if to be had at a reasonable prico. 
Guano is not amiss here, or indeed in any 
soil, as it is a universal manure. 
Preparation. —Plow as deep as you 
please, the deeper the better, and covor' up 
the manure well. Now harrow and roll till 
the ground is well pulverised, and then lay 
it off into beds of a convenient size. 
Plant —In rows ten to twelve inches 
apart; and for an early crop, from last of 
September till last of November, according 
to the latitude from Maine to Virginia; for 
a later crop, plant as soon as the frost is out 
of the ground in spring. Onions planted 
in the fall in a mild climate, cover one inch 
deep; in a climate where the ground is sub¬ 
ject to fseezo hard, cover two inches deep. 
If a light top covering of straw is added, it 
will do no harm. Unless well covered they 
will heave out during the freezing and thaw¬ 
ing of early spring, and bo more or less 
winter-killed. 
Cultivate —In the samo manner as the 
soed onion. Keep the ground light and 
well stirred, and clear of weeds. The best 
implements for this purpose are the hand 
plow and if hand cultivator; they save the 
labor of at least four men with the hand 
hoe. 
Time of Ripening— From last of May till 
August, according to the climate, and the 
season planted. In the latitude of 40°, those 
planted in the Autumn will ripen the fore¬ 
Amentaceous Trees. —Somo four hun- 
pred species of trees—nearly all the timber P ai ^ °* ^ u . no fo^July; while those planted 
troos of cold countries—have their flowers 
in aments or catkins. These aments are 
tho staminatc flowers, covered with numer¬ 
ous sealo3, each sheltering a number of sta¬ 
mens, that are abundantly supplied with 
tho pollen, or fructifying powder. There 
is a wisdom in the provision of so great an 
amount of pollen, for many species have 
their pistillate plants on different trees, of¬ 
ten at a distance from each other. Tho 
bark of nearly all possossos an astringent 
principle, valuable for coloring, tanning, &c. 
T. e. w. 
TIME FOR PRUNING. 
Volumes have been written on this sub¬ 
ject, a great part of which is more theory. 
Many prune in the spring from custom, and 
others in June because the wound heals 
quickly, not reflecting that it is of more im¬ 
portance that the wound heal soundly than 
quickly. Wo givo directions according to 
our experience for thirty years. 
Slight pruning, in which very small limbs, 
or dead limbs of any size, are removed, may 
bo performed, when most convenient, in any 
season. Moderate pruning should be done 
in Juno, July, or August, though it will an¬ 
swer very well till December. If trees are 
pruned in July, August, or September, the 
wood will become hard, sound, and well sea¬ 
soned, and commcnco healing over; and it 
is not material, othorwiso than for appoar- 
anco, whether it heals over the first, second 
or third year, as it will remain in a healthy 
6tato. 
Wo should prefer October or November 
or even Doceinber, to the spring which is 
the worst season. Tho trees are then full 
of sap, and it oozes out at the wound, which 
turns black and decays, like a troo cut in 
the spring, and allowed to retain tho bark. 
But if limbs ever so largo are cut in August 
or September, the wood will becomo hard 
and remain so, if it never heals over. 
Thirty-two years ago, in September, wo 
cut a very large branch from an apple tree, 
on account of injuries by a gale. The tree 
was old, and it lias never healed over; but 
it is now sound and is almost as hard as born, 
and the tree perfectly sound around it. A 
few years before and after, large limbs wore 
cut from tho samo troo in tho spring; and 
where they were cut otf, tho treo has rotted, 
so that a quart measure may be put into tho 
cavities.— Cole. 
The Elkton (Pa.) Democrat, states that 
there is a flourishing grape vino growing on 
a farm in the vicinity of that town, with'this 
singular history :—The seed from which it 
germinatod formed a covered button or 
clasp to a lady’s kid glove, which was im¬ 
ported from Paris, among a lot of others by 
a merchant of Philadelphia, and sold to a 
merchant in Elkton. A lady purchased the 
gloves containing tho grape soed, wore them 
out, discovered tho seed, caused it to bo 
planted, and it is now a flourishing vine. 
in the spring will begin to ripin tho last of 
July, continuing through August. 
The Yield —Is ordinarily from four hun¬ 
dred to six hundred bushels per acre. They 
may bo gathered and stored in tho same 
manner as the common seed onion. 
The Great Advantage —Of cultivating 
tho potato onion is, that it can bo got off 
tho ground in time for late cabbage, turnips, 
or cucumbers ; thus enabling the gardener 
to obtain two good crops from the samo 
ground during the season.— The Plow. 
THE CANKER WORM- 
Dea. S. P. Fowler writes to the New 
England Farmer as follows : 
Dear Sir i —I hardly know what to say 
in regard to tho canker-worm. I am in¬ 
clined to think tho old mode of tho applica¬ 
tion of tar around tho body of tho tree, on 
strips of cloth, canvass, or gunny bags, six 
inches wido, and fastened around the trunk 
is as good a mode to prevent the grub from 
ascending tho tree, as any other that has 
yet been found. My mode has been to use 
tarred cloth; the tar, when thick, I made 
thin with oil. I stuff hay, cotton or seaweed 
between the tree and the lower edge of the 
cloth, to catch tho drip of the tar; this serves 
likewise to tire, perplex, and perhaps en- 
tanglo the grub, beforo it gets to the tar on 
the cloth. I think, if the tar is properly 
and seasonably applied in the spring, it will 
prove effectual. But some, on tho contrary 
think that tar must bo applied in autumn, 
say tho first of November. From a close 
observation of the canker-worm, I am in¬ 
clined to think but few of the eggs deposit¬ 
ed in tho autumn are hatched in tho spring; 
as only a few malos ascend in tho fall and 
winter, most of tho eggs prove barren. 
Tho cloth should be taken from tho treo 
as soon as the grubs aro dono running, and 
the tar, should there be any, scraped from 
the tree. 
CANKER WORMS. 
THE ORCHARD. 
Plant among your trees; -plant among, 
pour trees —then after you have taken off 
your corn and other crops, you can look 
back upon your shorn field and see that in 
addition to the produce secured, you have the 
growth on your three or four acres of trees. 
In a few years you will begin to take more 
from tho trees than you do from the land. 
They will grow faster and hear more gener¬ 
ously, if the land is kept mellow for tho 
roots, and sufficient nutriment is spread 
broadcast for the roots to feed upon. 
Now to tako tho level place where you 
have your young orchard, and go carefully 
with a steady team—don’t hitch on tho 
steers for this job—plow tho land deep and 
well, manure it broadcast liberally, work tho 
manure down into tho soil with a'small plow 
or largo cultivator, plant, hoo, till, and your 
trees will grow liko the corn itself. You 
will caution the boys in dropping the corn 
not to plant a kernel within six or eight 
foot of tho trees ; they need sun and air, and 
grow hotter when nothing grows near 
them. 
Just read what tho late Mr. Cole says in 
the “ American Fruit Book.” 
“Mr. Moses Jones, of Brooklino, in this 
vicinity, a most skillful cultivator, set 112 
applo trees, two rods apart, and poach trees 
between, both ways. Tho eighth year he 
had 228 hhls. of apples, and in a few years 
from setting tho trees, $400 worth of peach¬ 
es in one year ; and the host of tho story is 
that a largo crop of vegetables was raised 
on tho same land, nearly paying for the ma¬ 
nure and labor. The tenth year from set¬ 
ting, many of tho applo trees produced four 
or five barrels of apples each, the land still 
yielding good crops of vegetables.”— Ohio 
Fanner. 
Too Many Varieties. — Among pomolo- 
gists, and especially nurserymen, an evil 
had been gradually increasing in magnitude, 
till common sense required an abatement— 
I mean tho number of varieties that crowd 
their grounds,—fino, indifferent and worth¬ 
less. Many porsons appeared to think, tho 
more the better. This rule will hold good 
in a botanic garden, where all the species of 
every genus, aro wanted to exhibit a full 
viow of the vogetablo system; but varieties, 
unless distinguished by some peculiar beau¬ 
ty, or excellence, aro unworthy of notice, 
and in a nursery deservo to bo classed with 
its weeds.— D. Thomas. 
The littlo insects, or grubs which aro re¬ 
sponsible for tho canker worms of next 
spring, aro now ascending the trees in great 
numbers, and they will continue so to do on 
every warm day until their hateful progeny 
appears. They should be nipped in the 
bud—crushed in tho egg. Thousands have 
already gone up. but hundreds of thousands 
are to follow. Boring trees and filling them 
with sulphur, and all similar expedients, 
havo beon found to be worthless. There is 
but one effectual way to destroy thorn, and 
that is by tho use of leaden troughs filled 
with oil. The oil should never be permit¬ 
ted to dry up for a day during the winter. 
Many of our beautiful elms have been near¬ 
ly destroyed by the canker worms. Wo be¬ 
lieve, however, that the public trees have 
been faithfully guarded the present year.— 
Thoso who havo not protected their fruit 
or ornamental trees by oil troughs, will 
find that although the season is late for the 
best use of this remedy, it will nevertheless 
prove to bo of great valuo even now.— jYew 
Haven Palladium. 
Jmrnatii (Bronotnq. 
IRON MEAT CUTTER. 
Above is an engraving of a recent inven¬ 
tion for cutting sausage meat or mincing for 
pies, which is recommended as a very per¬ 
fect and durable machine for that purpose. 
It is made wholly of iron and is simple in 
construction, and tho wearing parts are 
cheaply and readily replaced. It can be 
regulated to cut coarse or fine as required. 
Tho prico is $10. Wo notice they are on 
sale by Rapalje & Co., of this city. 
Cure for Chilblains. —The common tur¬ 
nip boiled and applied as a poultico is a 
speedy and final cure for this ailment. Two 
or three applications are sufficient, as wo 
havo proved on trial. S. Buckland. 
Christmas Plum Pudding. —Chop half a 
pound of beef suet very fino; stone and 
chop ono pound of raisins; wash, pick, 
clean from grit, and dry a pound of cur¬ 
rants ; soak half of a six cent loaf of bread 
in a pint of milk; when it has taken up all 
the milk, add to it the raisins, • currants, 
chopped suet, and two eggs beaten, a table- 
spoonful of sugar, ono wine glass of brandy, 
one nutmeg grated, and any other spice that 
may be liked. Boil four hours. For sauce, 
heat a, quarter of a pound of butter to a 
cream, then stir into it half a pound of 
powdered loaf sugar; or, melt butter and 
sugar, and, if liked, add more brandy. 
Burlington Hams. —To 12 hams of com¬ 
mon size tako 10 lbs. coarse brown sugar; 
half a pound of salt petro and 5 lbs. of fino 
salt. Rub the hams on tho fleshy side well 
with this mixture, and lay them in a barrel 
with the skins down for one week. Then 
make a pickle of coarso salt, strong enough 
to bear an egg; let tho hams lie three or 
four weeks in this pickle, according to size; 
then hang them in tho smoke house, and 
alter 24 hours commenco smoking them.— 
Tho picklo may afterwards be put on pork 
with good effect.— Farmer s Companion. 
To Salt Beef. —Keep tho beef a few days 
after killing; then pack it down; rubbing it 
gently with an equal proportion of brown 
sugar and fino salt, and let it lie 36 hours.— 
Then make a pickle of 4 gallons of water, 
1J lbs sugar, 2 oz saltpetre, and 9 lbs fino 
salt; mix well together taking care to skim 
off the skum ; and pour this mixture over 
tho hoof. The meat will be roady for uso 
in a fortnight and will keep three or four 
months.— Ih. 
Etljonit Slrte & Icicnte. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending December 7, 1852. 
Robt. Bunker, of Rochester, N. Y., for improved 
machinery for bending pail bails, etc. 
Geo. W. Colver, of Louisville, Ky., for improve¬ 
ment in seed planters. 
Richard S. Cramer, and Cyrus C. Blossom, of 
Sommerville, Ohio, for improvements in saw- 
gummers. 
Chas. W. Coe, of Ashtabula, Ohio, for improve¬ 
ments in drilling machines. 
Francis Degen, of New Y'ork, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in hats. 
Phineas Emmons, ©f New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in tonguingand grooving apparatus. 
Stephen Gates, of Albion, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in hot air furnaces. 
Edward L. Gaylord, of Newark, N. J., for im¬ 
proved machinery for bending carpet bag frames, 
etc. 
C. B. Brown, of Griggsville, Ill., for improve¬ 
ment in grain and grass harvesters. 
Louis Drescher, of New York, N. Y., for im- 
provemed galvanic battery. 
Geo. Grant, of Troy, N. Y., for improved hinge 
for Holder's flasks. 
John T. Hammitt, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in chairs. 
LansiDg E. Hopkins, of New York, N. Y., for 
■improvement in machines for manufacturing hat 
bodies. 
Richard Ketchum, of Seneca Castle, N. Y., for 
improved lock. 
Rodolphus Kinsley, of Springfield, Mass., for 
improved padlock. 
John Levy and Charles Jones, of New York, 
N. Y., for improvement in the mode of frosting 
glass. 
John McCreary, of Chesterville, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in manufacturing wooden type. 
Erasmus A. Pond, of Rutland, Vt., for improve¬ 
ment in pill making machines. 
Wm. Stoddard, of Lowell, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in shingle machines. 
Jacob W. Switzer, of Basil, Ohio, for improved 
screw driver. 
YVarren W.and Clark C. Wright, of Canton, Pa. 
for improvement in reels for harvesters. 
W. II. Smith, of Philadelphia, Pa., for improve-- 
ment in utilizing slags for furnaces. 
Cullen Whipple, of Providence, R. I., assignor 
to the New England Screw Company, of same 
place, for improvements in machinery for making 
wood screws, etc. Antedated June 7, 1852. 
design. 
Ezra Ripley and N. S. Vedder, of Troy, N. Y., 
assignors to Samuel McClure, of Rochester, N. Y., 
for design for a cook stove. 
THE NEW CIRCULAR SAW. 
The Nashua Telegraph gives tho follow¬ 
ing description of tho now circular saw, tc 
which wo havo already referred as bavin; 
been invented by Mr. A. Y. George, of tha 
town : 
“ It is run without an arbor, and in sucl 
a manner as to cut a hoard nearly the widtl 
of tho saw. The announcement was re 
ceivocl with incredulity in high mechanica 
quarters. Wo published a"week or twi 
since, a paragraph from tho Scientific Amer 
ican, which is supposed to bo posted up ir 
in such matters, declaring its uttor disbelie 
in the truth of tho statement, and anxioush 
inquiring for tho inventor, and how it is 
done. 
Wo have seen the machine operate, and 
can tell tho editor how it is done. His othei 
inquiry is already answered. The saw whicl 
we saw oporato is a foot in diameter, ant 
cut a board ten inches wido, and wo will tr\ 
to tell how tho thing is dono. Tho saw is 
placed horizontally, and upon two opposite 
edges lies tightly hold between two iror 
wheels or pulleys, covered with leather: 
then an iron plate passes across tho centre 
upon tho upper side of the saw, in which s 
pivot attached to the upper side of tho saw 
runs. This keops tho saw steadily in its 
place, while tho under side of tho saw pre¬ 
sents a clear surfaco from the pulleys upor 
ono edge to thoso upon tho other. * Motior 
is applied to these pulleys, and thoso on 
opposite sides of the saw, moving in oppo¬ 
site directions, the saw is moved round rap¬ 
idly, held in place, as boforo stated, by the 
pivot revolving in the plate across tho cen¬ 
tre. This plate is brought to an eugo upon 
either side, so that in sawing a board, it 
springs so as to pass over it. Tho log—foi 
tho machine is designed for sawing logs—is 
placed upon the carriage, which feeds itself, 
and as it progresses tho board passes over 
tho plate. When it has cut through, the 
board is removed, tho log raised by a con¬ 
venient operation, so as to cut another board, 
tho motion reversed, and tho carriage 
goes back again, cutting a board as it goes, 
and so on, until tho log is all sawed up. 
Tho groat advantage of tho plan is the 
ability to saw logs—a saw four foot in diam¬ 
eter sawing a hoard nearly its own width. 
The power being applied to tho outer odgo 
of tho saw, it is obvious that tho larger tho 
saw, tho greater tho power, being increased 
in ho same ratio that it is decreased in the 
old method. It may seem as if tho pulleys 
which impart motion to tho saw, might be 
made to slip upon it when any obstacle is 
placed against it. But wo saw it demon¬ 
strated, again and again, that while tho pul¬ 
leys run tho saw runs, and when an obstacle 
ot sufficient lorco was applied to stop the 
saw, it stopped tho pulleys, and lot a throe 
inch belt slip upon tho shaft, tho saw hold¬ 
ing tho pulleys fast. Tho machine is an 
ingenious ono, and yet simple in its prin¬ 
ciples.” 
AMERICAN IRON. 
It is becoming a protty serious question, 
where wo shall look for an iron sulliciontly 
strong to bear tho heavy concussion and 
strain to which tho wheels of cars and rails 
aro often subjected. Accidents aro of in¬ 
creased frequency from defectivo iron, and 
have already cost the lives of many persons, 
and the destruction of much property._ 
The last wo havo noticed happened lately at 
Windsor Locks, Connecticut, from tho break¬ 
ing of a rail, and resulted in tho death of 
two brothers just returned from California, 
serious injury to sovoral others, and the loss 
of much property. 
Whatever may bo thought of tho relative 
cheapness of English and American iron, it 
is certain that tho latter is much the strong¬ 
er. D. Maskol of Scotland, says that the 
Scotch bars contain 9 per cent, less of pure 
iron than our own. Latd experiments at 
tho Navy Yard at Washington showed that 
the American chain cable would stand a 
strain of 716 pounds moro than an English 
cable, without breaking. 
A chain of French manufacture yielded at 
a breiiking strain of 1081 pounds, while tho 
American broke only at a strain of 1277 lbs. 
Thoso experiments were repeated about two 
hundred times with similar results. Com. 
Kennon tested in February last the tenacity 
of different irons, and found that while tho 
very highest proof of strength had previous¬ 
ly been in Peru iron, a Virginia iron stood 
tho test of 58 pounds moro, before breaking. 
If such be tho caso, what justification can bo 
found for the uso of foreign iron, especially 
for wheels and axles. Our hills aro full of 
that material, tho working of which has 
made England tho great nation she is, and it 
is humiliating to ride over hundreds upon 
hundreds of miles of rail, dug from foreign 
soil, when the iron and tho coal to make it, 
abound in a profusion given to no other 
country, and tho laborers who should find 
employment at high wages are standing idle 
on the corners of our streets, or are partial¬ 
ly employed at inadequate wages. Tho time 
will como when tho development of Ameri¬ 
can resources and the protection of Ameri¬ 
can interests will becomo tho cherished 
policy of our great and glorious country.— 
Miners’ Journal. . 
TO PREVENT LAMP EXPLOSIONS. 
I wish to communicate to you the result 
of my experiments in making tho spirit 
lamp nearly if not quito safe. I havo made 
my common lamps, as I conceive, free from 
tho danger of exploding, simply by filling 
tho body of tho lamp with coarse, clean 
sponge in such a manner as to leave no 
space occupied by the ilukl as a liquid freo 
to run. You will perceive that tho whole 
lamp, or rather tho spong*, is filled with 
fluid, that if by accident it should bo upset, 
tho fluid cannot escape from tho sponge in 
consequence of being held by capillary 
attraction ; therefore, as far as tho danger of 
setting fire by spilling is concerned, the 
sponge prevents it. Again, tho danger of 
explosions does not consist in the fluid being 
oxplosivo, but tho vapor which arises from 
it, which vapor occupying that (upper) por¬ 
tion ot the lamp having no liquid in it, is¬ 
sues out from tho screw aperture, and if a 
flame be within a few inches, it takes fire 
and explodes, carrying firo to whatever 
fluid may bo loft in tho lamp. Now, tho 
sponge which fills ©very portion of the lamp, 
loaves no space (comparatively) unoccupied, 
to hold this vapor; hence, the amount of 
vapor which can possibly bo in the lamp at 
any time cannot do much damage, as I havo 
frequently shown to my friends by taking 
off tho screw and bringing it in contact with 
a flame; tho fluid hold by the sponge would 
simply take firo and continue to burn until 
exhausted or blown out. 
It may be objected to on tho ground that 
tho lamp would havo to bo made much lar¬ 
ger than is usual, to make up tho difference 
of tho space occupied by the sponge. On 
this point I would say that I tried tho ex¬ 
periment with two lamps of tho same capa¬ 
city, and found that there was but ton min¬ 
utes difference in tho time of one hour ; tho 
sponge burning one hour, and tho plain 
lamp ono hour and ten minutes, so that this 
is no proper objaction. I have now used 
lamps arranged in this way for a year or 
moro, and would not uso tho fluid in any 
other manner. I have nothing to mako by 
publishing tho subject, save tho satisfaction 
of doing somo littlo good in saving life, &c. 
—Scientijic American. 
AUGER HANDLE. 
An improved auger handle has been lately 
invented by Willis Churchill, of Hamden, 
Now Haven Co., Conn., who has taken meas¬ 
ures to secure a patent. Tho advantages of 
this handle are, that tho auger can bo' very 
quickly taken out without much trouble, and 
a smaller auger bo substituted, which is 
tightened in its place by a rapid turn given 
to a part of tho handle. It is, moreover, 
much stronger than in tho caso of thoso 
mado by tho ordinary arrangement. Its 
principle consists in forming the handle in 
two parts, each having a screwed rod, on 
which works a cylindrical nut: one of these 
nuts has two oyo-pieces cast on it. and tho 
other has ono similar oye-picce. When tho 
auger is to bo fixed, tho two parts of the 
handle aro placed together and tho tool in¬ 
serted in tho socket. It consequently passes 
through tho three oyo-pieces which are so 
arranged that tho single evo lies between 
the two which aro on tho othor nut, henofl 
both parts of tho handle aro hold together 
by tho stock of tho auger being passed thro’ 
three eyes. But if tho stock" be not suffi¬ 
ciently tight, it is only necessary to turn ono 
half of tho handle, when its nut will bo 
moved along tho screwed rod, and drawing 
its oyo-pioco with it, will cause tho auger to 
bo firmly held.— Scientijic American. 
Kindly treat tho poor. 
