46 
LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA. 
Pupa. —Stout; dorsum arched, abdominal segments mostly with dorsal and 
lateral conical points; thorax obtusely or angularly conical posteriorly; head-piece 
more or less bifid. 
Seasonal Dimorphism. —We have separated and described the wet-season and 
dry-season forms occurring in the genera Gyrestis , Apsithra , Junonia , Polygonia 
(Grapta), Araschnia, Symbrenthia, Apatura (Hypolimnas), and Kallima. 
Mimicry. —In the genus Apatura (Hypolimnas) the two well-known species 
Bolina and Misippus furnish the most striking examples of mimicry to be found 
among butterflies. Colonel C. Swinlioe, in his paper on “ Mimicry in butterflies of 
the genus Hypolimnas” (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1895, p. 840), writes : “In Bolina , 
Linn., as we find it in Asia, the female only is mimetic, the males in all localities 
being of the normal form. In India the female universally mimics the common 
protected butterfly, Euploea Core , of Cramer. The typical Gore does not range very 
far South, one or two have been taken in Mergui, but there is no record of its more 
Southern extension, its place being taken by other common black Euploeas of some¬ 
what similar pattern. We find accordingly, that Bolina varies so as to resemble all 
the common Euploeas of the different islands of the Malay Archipelago. The female 
of Misippus , with the exception as a very rare variety, which resembles the male 
in appearance, always mimics the commonest of all the Danainse , i.e, Danais 
Chrysippus , which is common all over India, Burma, Ceylon, the Malay Archipelago, 
Madagascar, Aden, and the West, South, and South-East Coasts of Africa; in all 
these localities Misippus also exists, the female being of the Danais colour and 
pattern, and where D. Chrysippus does not exist, Misippus is not to be found. In 
Africa and Aden there are several forms of Danais Chrysippus —some without the 
white-banded black apical patch to the forewings (D, Dorippus, Klug); some 
possessing this marking, but characterized by white hind wings ( D , Alcippus, 
Cramer) ; and also others with the Dorippus pattern aud white hindwings. All 
these forms are mimicked in their several localities by the females of Misippus , In 
India, the form of female Misippus which mimics Danais Dorippus (without the black 
and white apical patch) is also found.” The form of female Misippus which mimics 
Danais Alcippus (Algippoides, Moore) is also occasionally found in India, 
Genus CYRESTIS. 
Cyrestis , Boisduval, Yoy. Astrolabe, p. 117 (1832); id. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1833, p. 190. West- 
wood, Gen. D, Lep, ii. p. 260 (1850). Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 139 (1883). de Niceville, 
Butt, of India, etc., ii. p. 248 (1886). Staudinger and Schatz, Exot. Schmett. ii. p. 155 (1888). 
Cyrestis (sect. 1), Felder, Neues Lep. p. 24 (1861). 
Imago, —Wings short. Forewing rather broad, triangular; costa slightly 
arched, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin slightly oblique and sinuous, ex- 
