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NYMPIIALINjE. (Group NTMPSALINA ,) o5 
and legs, olivescent-brown, palest beneath, antennse black above, pale ochreous 
beneath. 
Dry-season form. Male and female. Upperside darker olivescent-bf&wn, 
markings the same; the series of ocelli on the hindwing more prominent, and more 
or less ochreons-ringed, most distinctly so in the female. Underside the same. 
Expanse, d 2 to 2^, ? %ro to 3 inches. 
Larva. —Cylindrical; dark brown ; head reddisli-ochreous ; segments with 
dorsal and lateral rows of short delicate branched-spines. Feeds on Strobilanthus. 
Pupa. —Short ; pale purplish-grey or fuliginous; with dorsal rows of small 
tubercular points ; thorax broad ; head-piece pointed in front. 
Habitat.-— India; Ceylon; Burma; Tenasserim; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; 
W. and C. China. 
Distribution and Habits .— 1 “ This is an exceedingly common species, as a rule, 
where it occurs ; it has a somewhat bold flight, but not for any gi’eat distance, it 
often, but not always, pitches on the ground, frequently on bushes. It occurs 
throughout the Himalayas, in Assam, Silhet, Cachar, Burma, rarely in Calcutta, but 
commonly in the Wynaad, Kilgiris, and Ceylon. In the plains of Upper India it 
is seldom found, and never in the drier parts ” (de Mceville, Butt. India, ii. 64). It 
is also found in Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. In the W. Himalayas 
it is “ common all the summer and autumn in the beds of streams, and occasionally 
met with on Hill-tops far away from any water” (de Niceville, Indian Agriculturist, 
1880), “ Taken at Simla, Masuri, and Kashmir, June to October” (Capt. H. B. 
Hellard, Notes). “In Kumaon it is everywhere common, as high up a: Khati, 
8000 feet elevation. The wet-season brood consists of very pale specimens ; the 
autumn brood, appearing at the end of September, is much darker” (W. Doherty, 
J. A. S. Bengal, 1886, 123), “In the Bombay Presidency this butterfly is very 
plentiful after the rains, and especially among the thorny jungle which covers the 
little Hills of the Konkan, It is also one of the most familiar species of the Ghats. 
I have never seen specimens here so large as some which come from the Himalayas. 
It has all the habits of a Junonia , and its colour seems inappropriate, for it lives in 
the midst of green foliage, and rarely settles on the ground ” (E. T, Aitken, 
J. Bombay N. H. S. 1895, 406). “ In the larva of Iphita the spines seem to be 
shorter and more closely set than in other Junonias, the colour is dark dull brown. 
It feeds on the Karvi ( Strobilanthus ) and doubtless occurs more or less throughout 
the year. We found few larvaa, for though the butterfly is the commonest in Karwar, 
the plant is still commoner, an unfavourable condition for the larva hunter ” 
(J. Davidson and E. T. Aitken, id. 1890, 271). “Very common in the low country 
of Travancore, and in the Hills up to 3000 feet elevation” (H. S. Ferguson, Journ. 
Bombay N. H. S. 1891, 8), “ This is one of the commonest butterflies occurring in 
VOL. IV. 
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