72 
LEP1D0PTERA 1NDICA. 
describes the larva, as reared by him in Mhow, in August (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1884, 882). 
“ This butterfly is of similar habits to J. Hierta and J. Lemonias. They all love the 
hot sunshine, and this and J. Hierta are to be found in the Central Province in the 
most open and exposed situations; open grass plains being about the most favourite 
spots” (J. A. Beetham, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1890, 279). <c This is jmr excellence 
the Junonia of the Deccan, delighting in dry hills and stony plains. On the bare 
plateau of Lanowlia I have found it very abundant in company with J. Hierta , in 
February, revelling in the wealth of minute wild flowers which clothe the ground in 
that favoured spot ” (E. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1886, 181). ce This species 
likes stony plains and bare hills, and is consequently comparatively rare in Kanara, 
and altogether wanting during the monsoon. It rests always on the ground ” (J. 
Davidson and E. H. Aitken, id, 1896, 249). “ Very common on the Eastern Coast, 
and found everywhere. Larva easily observed, as it feeds on the low and slightly 
aromatic shrubs which grow by the wayside in the Karnatic” (S. N. Ward, MS. 
Notes). In Ceylon, Mr. F. M. Mackwood records it as “ occurring everywhere, but 
plentiful only from 2000 to 4000 feet elevation ; a favourite resort being the Patenas, 
and particularly on the pathways or bare places in them.” Captain Hutchison 
says it is “ found at all times in the Western and Central Provinces, both in the 
plains and up to 8000 feet, in cultivated and open waste-ground. Flight rather 
quick; settles on the ground and seems partial to hot dusty and sandy spots. Dr. 
Thwaites found the larva feeding on Acanthads ” (Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 42). 
“ A common insect in Sikkim at elevations up to 9000 or 10,000 feet, but most 
abundant in cultivated ground and sunny clearings, It settles on the ground with 
open wings, and has a rapid strong flight. Occurs at all seasons ” (H. J.Elwes, Tr, 
Ent. Soc. 1888, 342). “ Common throughout Burma, alike in the hot plains, in the 
marshes in the South, and the hills in the North and West” (Colonel C. H. E. 
Adamson, List, 1897, 19). 
JUNONIA HIERTA (Plate 312, fig. 1, larva and pupa, fig. la, b, c, d, e, $ ? )• 
Papilio Hierta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 424 (1798). 
Junonia Hierta, Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 648 (1871). Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 505 ; 
id. 1885, p. 128. de JSTiceville, Butt, of India, etc., ii. p. 71, pi. 20, fig. 94, $ 9 (1886). 
PapiUo Oenone, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 35, fig. A, B, C, d $ (1775). Herbst, Nat. Scbmett. vii. 
p. 163, pi. 178, fig. 1-4 (1794). Donovan, Ins. China, p. 66, pi. 36, fig. 1, J (1798), nee Linn. 
Junonia Oenone , Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 34 (1816). Butler, Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. r2 
(1869). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 42, pi. 22, fig. 3, 3a, 9 (1881). Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. 
1884), p. 383. 
Imagk).— Male. Upperside dark fuliginous-black; cilia brown, alternated with 
