91 
LEPIDOPTERA INDIGA. 
from October to February, but rarer in the further South” (List Burmese Butt. 
1897, 25). Dr. N. Manders found it “ not uncommon and widely distributed 
throughout the Shan States, Burma” (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 525). 
KANISKA HARONICA (Plate 315, fig. 2, larva and pupa, 2a, b, £)• 
Vanessa Haronica, Moore, Proe. Zool. Soe. 1879, p. 137 ; Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 49, pi. 25, fig. 2, <$, 
fig. 2a, larva and pupa (1881). de Mceville, Butt, of India, etc, ii. p. 232 (1886). 
Imago.— -Male and female. Upperside deep blue-black ; basal areas suffused 
with dark sap-green. Forewing with a greyish-blue continuous curved band medially 
disposed across the disc, broader than in Ganace , its upper end being formed by 
the similar placed upper-discal oblique band of the latter species ; a small bluish- 
white costal lunule before the apex, with a few blue scales scattered marginally below 
it. Hindwing with the greyish-blue band also medially-disposed across the disc, and 
having a parallel row of small blue-speckled spots disposed beyond its outer border ; 
two slightly-defined blue-speckled marginal lines. Underside beautifully variegated, 
as in Ganace , but with all the markings brighter and more distinctly defined. 
Expanse, 6 2rot $ 2^ to 3i- 0 inches. 
Larva. —Light red; spotted with black, the segments divided by blackish and 
purple lines; anal segment slightly humped ; segments armed with eight longitudinal 
rows of yellow branched-spines ; head and legs black. Feeds on Smilax. 
Pupa. —Reddish-brown; abdominal segments with two dorsal rows of small 
reddish pointed tubercles ; thorax angular; head-piece produced and bifid. 
Habitat. —Ceylon. 
Distribution. —“ Found in hilly country from 2000 to 6000 feet elevation. 
Very common on pathways or roads bordered by jungle. Occurs all the year round. 
Larva feeds on the wild yam” (F. M. Mackwood, MS. Notes). Capt. Wade also 
took it in the “Kottawa Forest, Galle, also at Kandy ” (Lep. Ceylon, 49). 
Indo-Malayan Species. — Kaniska Gharonia (Pap. Charonia, Drury, lllust. Exot. 
Ent. i. pi. xv. fig. 1, 2 (1770). Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 47, fig. A-C (1775). Herbst, 
Pap. pi. 160, fig. 1, 2 (1794). Vanessa Charonia, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. p. 308 
(1819). Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. p. 183 (1871). Elwes, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 898. Syn. 
Pap. Kollina, Meerburgh, pi. 43 (1775). Van. Canace, Leech, Butt. China, etc., i. 
p. 225 (1893). Habitat. S. China; Tonkin; Hongkong.— Kaniska Jajponicnm (Pap. 
No-Japonicum, Siebold, Diss, Hist. Nat. Japon, p. 16 (1824). Nymphalis No- 
Jap onicum, Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. Suppl. p. 732 (1878). Van. Glaucoma, Mot- 
schulsky, Etudes Ent. ix. p. 128 (1860). Van. Canace (part). Leech, l.c. p. 225 
(1893). Habitat. Japan; Corea.— Kaniska Perakana (Vanessa Perakana, Distant, 
Rhop. Malay, p. 430, pi. 40, fig. 1, ? (1886). Habitat. Malay Peninsula.— Kaniska 
