96 
LEPIDOPTEJRA INDICA. 
spiny-warts ; second segment with a transverse row of bristly-warts ; third to last 
segment armed with seven rows of branched-spines. 
Pupa. —Head rather flat, with two prolonged straight points in front; back of 
thorax sharply raised to a thin squared central projection; waist hollowed; abdomen 
with a bold dorsal curve; a subdorsal row of nine small points ; wing-cases promi¬ 
nent, shoulders angulated, their lower ends humped (Buckler). 
Type.— P. C-album. 
POLYGONIA VAU-ALBUM (Plate 317, fig. 3, 3a, <?). 
Papilio Vau-Album, Denis et Sehieffermiiller, Wien. Yerz. p. 176 (1776). Eabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. 
p. 489 (1787). Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. fig. 83, 84 (1793). Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. i. 
pt. i. p. 112 (1807). 
Pap. Polychloros , Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 330, fig. C, D (1782), nec Linn. 
Pap. L. album , Esper, Schmett. i. pt. ii. pi. 62, fig. 3, a, b (1780). 
Vanessa Vau-album , Codart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 306 (1819). de Kiceville, Butt, of India, etc., ii. 
p. 236 (1886). 
Nymphalis Vau-album, Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. Suppl. p. 773 (1877). 
Imago. —Male and female. Upperside deep fulvous ; cilia black, alternated with 
white. Foreiving with a black constricted spot obliquely across middle of the cell, 
a large quadrate spot at its end, extending from the costa to upper median veinlet, 
and bordered on each side with a pale yellow diffused costal patch, a discal quadrate 
black spot between upper and middle median veinlets, two black spots between the 
middle and lower medians, and two wider separated spots between the lower median 
and submedian vein; the basal area and posterior margin sprinkled with olivescent- 
fuscous scales ; a broad black apical patch bearing an outer pure white costal spot; 
the outer margin broadly black and traversed by two indistinct ochreous lines. 
Eindwing with a large irregularly-quadrate black spot extending from middle of the 
costa to discoidal veinlet and outwardly bordered by a quadrate white spot; outer 
margin with a broad decreasing black band enclosing a more or less distinct series 
of small rounded spots paler than the ground-colour, the extreme outer margin being 
dark fulvous and traversed by two ochreous lines, the inner one most distinct. 
Underside more or less dusky brownish-ochreous or ochreous-brown. Both 
wings with the basal half dark ochreous-brown and transversely marked more or 
less with dense-black or dark-brown strigm, its discal edge sharply defined by a very 
irregular angulated black line; the discal area less numerously marked with paler 
brown irrorations and strigae, and traversed by an outer series of black dots; the 
outer margins sinuously dark brown, with a medial inner black band bearing a 
bluish line and two outer indistinct pale ochreous lines. Forewing also with a short 
