NYMPHA LINAE. (Group NYMPH ALIN A.) 
9 7 
dark brown basal oblique cell-streak and a zigzag bar across middle of the cell, the 
latter with its upper end outwardly white bordered ; outer edge of the discal 
angulated line also white bordered; the apical spot beyond also white. Hindwing 
with a small prominent pure white widely-spread Y-shaped mark at lower end of the 
cell. Body above olivescent-brown, beneath brown ; palpi above black, sides and 
beneath edged with ochreous-white; legs blackish above, ochreous-white beneath; 
antennae black above, beneath and tip ochreous. 
Expanse, S 2 x - 0 to 2^, $2^ inches. 
Habitat. —Kashmir; Chitral; N. Asia; 0. Russia; E. Europe. 
Distribution.— “ Dr. T. C. Jerdon took two fine specimens at G-ulmurg, 
9000 feet elevation, in Kashmir. It has also been taken at Sonamurg, Kashmir” 
(de Niceville, l.c. 236). 
Our illustration on Plate 317, fig. 3, 3a, is from a Kashmir male in our own 
collection. 
P0LYG0NIA C-ALBUM. 
Papilio C-album , Linnseus, Syst. Nat. x. ed. p. 447 (1758). Esper, Schmett. i, pi. 13, fig. 3 (1777) ; 
id. pi. 59, fig. 3 (1780). Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. fig. 92, 93 (1794). 
Vanessa C-album , Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 302 (1819). Herr. Schaffer, Eur. Schmett. i. fig. 159, 
160 (1844). de Niceville, Butt, of India, ii. p. 237 (1886). 
Nymphalis C-album , Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. Suppl. p. 732 (1877). 
Wet-season form (Plate 318, fig. 2, 2a, b, c, 9 ). 
Imago. —Male. Upperside deep bright fulvous-red; cilia black, alternately 
edged with fulvous-grey. Borewing with two deep black rounded spots obliquely 
across middle of the cell, a large quadrate discocellular streak extending from the 
costa to upper median, three discal oblique quadrate spots, and a subapical black 
patch decreasing from the costa to near upper median; outer margin black and 
linearly speckled outwardly with fulvous-grey scales, and bordered inwardly by a 
series of yellow dentate spots. Hindwing with the costal base broadly black, and 
the outer margin very broadly fulvescent-black, the latter traversed by a row of five 
distinct yellow small dentate spots; abdominal border greyish-brown; a black 
quadrate spot at end of the cell, a larger spot above it between the subcostals, and 
a much smaller spot between the upper and middle medians. Underside with the 
basal area and outer marginal border greyish sepia-brown; the discal area dark 
grey, divided from the dark base by a sharply-defined broken irregular black line ; 
outer areas and base of hindwing numerously covered with fine black strigse ; discal 
area traversed by a very indistinct row of blackish dots. Forewing also with an 
oblique black loop-mark from lower base of cell, some black strigm from the costa, 
and a black lunular streak between the angles of the outer margin. Hindwing also 
with a prominent white comma-shaped mark at end of the cell, 
VOL. IV. 
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