MFAIFIIA LIN2E1. (Group NYMP HAHN A,) 
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Expanse, $ 1^, ? 2 to 2 x - 0 inches. 
Larva. —Body cylindrical. Head black, flattened in front, vertex broad and 
sharply depressed in the middle, minutely hairy, cheeks slightly tuberculous ; third 
to the last segment armed with a dorsal and four lateral rows of black rigid 
branched-spines on each side; segments fuliginous-black; second segment with a 
slender pale ochreous dorsal line, third to last segment with two dorsal and two 
sublateral rows of small pale ochreous spots. 
Pupa. —Suspended by tail. Pale purpurescent-ochreous ; thorax and abdomen 
laterally protuberant in front; with a thoracic and anterior-dorsal pointed promi¬ 
nence ; abdominal segment with a row of dorsal and lateral small points ; head-piece 
projected and widely cleft. (Described from preserved specimens in Coll. Hocking.) 
Habitat. —W. and E. Himalayas; Assam; Khasias; Burma; Tenasserim ; 
Malay Peninsula ; S. China. 
Distribution. —We possess specimens of both the wet and dry season form 
from Kasauli, N.W. Himalayas, Nepal; Sikkim ; Bhotan ; Khasia Hills (Swinhoe) ; 
Karen Hills, Burma; and W. China. In the British Museum are examples from 
the Kali Valley, Kumaon; Landoor; Sikkim and Bhotan, taken in March and April 
by Mr. G. C. Dudgeon ; Tilin Yaw, Burma, taken by C'apt. E. Y. Watson in 
February ; Karen Hills taken in December ; Thoungyeen Valley, March (Capt. C. T. 
Bingham) ; Hong Kong (J. J. Walker, R.N.) ; Colonel C. Swinhoe has received 
numerous examples from the Khasia Hills. Mr. L. de Niceville records it as “the 
widest spread species of the genus and the most abundant in individuals where 
met with. It occurs in India throughout the Himalayas and Assam to Upper 
Tenasserim” (lx. 241). “Fairly common, in the W. Himalayas, in the beds of 
streams during the summer and autumn” (id. Ind. Agriculturist, 1880). The Rev. 
J. H. Hocking found the larva feeding on Nettle, in August, at 6200 feet elevation, 
in the Kangra Hills. Mr. P. W. Mackinnon says “ it occurs somewhat commonly 
at Masuri and in the interior from April to October. The larva feeding on 
Debregeasia bicolor , N.O. Urticaceae, and is gregarious ” (J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 
1898, 376). Mr. W. Doherty says it is “ found, commonly, in low country and river 
valleys in Kumaon, as far up as the Dhoaj, 6500 feet elevation. I have also taken 
it in the Eastern Ghats of the Indian Peninsula, in the districts of Ganjam and 
Vizagapatam” (J. A. S. Bengal, 1866,122). It is “common in Sikkim, up to 
about 6000 feet elevation, all through the warm months. The larva feeding on 
Girardinia heterophylla ” (L. de Niceville, Sikkim Gaz. 1894, 145). Col. C. H. E. 
Adamson says it is “ fairly common in Lower Burma, but is not common in Upper 
Burma, though on two successive days I . took about a dozen at one spot near 
Sayaing, in January (List Burm, Butt. 1897, 25). Mr. W. L. Distant records it 
from “Perak, Malay Peninsula ” (Rhop. Malay. 431). 
VOL. IV. 
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