136 
LEP1D0PTERA INDICA . 
pointed; forelegs of male slender, femur scaly above, bairy beneath, tibia and tarsus 
clothed with rather short fine hairs; forelegs of female long, very slender, scaly, 
femur with a few fine hairs beneath, tarsus spined at the tip; antennse somewhat 
short, with a rather short well-formed cylindrical club ; eyes naked. 
Larva. —Cylindrical. Head surmounted with two long erect branched-spines ; 
segments armed with a dorsal and four, or five, lateral rows of branched-spines. 
Pupa. —Stout. Abdomen arched, and with a dorsal and two lateral series of 
short, stout, sharp tubercular-points ; thorax arched and obtusely angular; head- 
piece obtusely cleft. 
Type. —A. Bolina. 
Mimicry.— Colonel C. Swinhoe, in his paper on u Mimicry in butterflies of the 
genus Hypolimnas ” (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1895, p. 839) writes, cc The Bolina 
group of the Nymphalid genus Hypolimnas contains, according to systematists, a 
number of species. When, however, we look at the group from a biological point 
of view, we find that all these species can be merged in two distinct species— 
H. Misippus , Linn., and H. Bolina , Linn. It is first of all necessary to gain a 
conception of the appearance presented by these species before the mimetic form was 
assumed. This we find to be still retained by the male of £f. Misippus, which is 
invariably non-mimetic, and that of H. Bolina , which is non-mimetic in India, and in 
certain other localities. Occasionally the females also revert to the ancestral 
pattern, and resemble the black males. The non-mimetic males are very similar in 
appearance, while their mimetic females differ widely. The female of H. Misippus , 
however, except as a very rare variety which resembles the male in appearance, 
always mimics the commonest of all the Danainse , i.e. Danais Ghrysippus # Linn., 
which is common all over India, Burma, Ceylon, the Malay Archipelago, Madagascar, 
Aden, the West, South, and South-eastern coasts of Africa, but apparently not the 
interior: in all these localities H. Misippus also exists, the female being of the 
Danais colour and pattern, and where D, Ghrysippus does not exist, 17. Misippus 
is not to be found.” “ In Africa and at Aden there are several forms of Danais 
Ghrysippus— some without the white-banded black apical patch to the forewings 
(Danais Dorippus, King); some possessing this marking, but characterized by white 
hind wings ( Danais Alcippus , Cram.), and also others with the D. Dorippus pattern 
and white hindwings. All these forms are mimicked in their several localities by 
the females of Hyp . Misippus .” se In India the form of female Hypolimnas which 
mimics Danais Dorippus * (without the black and white apical patch) is also found ; 
it is not nearly so frequently met with as the mimic of the true Danais Ghrysippus, f 
* Klugii , Butler—See Lep. Ind. vol, i. plate 9, figs. 1, la. 
t See Lep. Ind. i. plate 8, figs, la—e. 
