162 
LEPIDOPTERA INDIG A. 
the subcostal interspace, and very rarely an indication of a lower minute spot in the 
basal interspace between the radial and upper median; the upper submarginal 
lunule is white and edged outwardly with crimson, the others and a short abdominal- 
marginal streak, and the tail spot are crimson, the lowest lunule being some¬ 
times white-speclded anteriorly. 
Female. Upperside. Forewing rich dark fuliginous, vein streaks well defined. 
Findwing dark fuliginous-black basally, blue-black posteriorly; the discal white 
patch generally larger, and sometimes with an obsolescent or a distinct very small 
white spot below it, and also, but very rarely, with a moderate-sized white quadrate 
patch in the subcostal interspace above it; the three submarginal lunules and 
tail spot much larger than in the male, the upper lunule broad and with its outer 
upper-point prolonged, both lower lunules being white anteriorly; in some specimens 
faint traces of a short crimson-scaled streak extends from the anal angle, which in 
others is more distinct but paler; the tail spot large, either pale crimson or whitish. 
Underside. Forewing paler than upperside. Findwing uniformly black; the discal 
large white patch as on the upperside. The lower small spot always present, the 
upper small spot either absent or very minute, or more generally of moderate 
large size; the marginal lunules as on the upperside, the anal marginal crimson 
irregular-shaped patch large. 
Expanse, S 5 to 5f, ? 5 to 6 inches. 
Habitat. —Sikkim ; Assam ; Khasias ; Burma ; Tenasserim ; Malacca ; Shan 
States ; Tonkin. 
Distribution and Habits. —“ Occurs not uncommonly in Sikkim, Bhotan, and the 
Khasia Hills. In Sikkim it seems rarer than Fhiloxemis, and is found from 1000 
to 8000 feet elevation, from April to November. I have not observed in this 
species the nauseous odour which, according to Mr. Wood-Mason, is characteristic of 
Philoxenus , but Mr. de Niceville says it has the strongest smell of any butterfly he 
knows. The flight of this butterfly is much less swift than that of many Papilios. 
It may be seen sailing with a very soft graceful flight along the edge of the clearings 
and round the flowering trees in the open places. A species of Albizzia is one of the 
favourite trees, but to get fresh specimens one must search for those which, 
having recently emerged from the pupae, may be found settled on the low herbage and 
flowers at the side of the forest-path ” (H. J. Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 426). “ A 
common species in Sikkim, occurring from 1000 to 8000 feet from April till 
November. The butterfly has a very powerful and disagreeable odour, which 
is perceptible even years after the death of the insect” (L. de Niceville, Sikkim 
Gaz. 1894, 171). Col, C. Swinhoe records it from the Khasia Hills (Tr. Ent. Soc. 
1898, 312), and has also received many specimens from Cherra Punji and the 
Jaintia Hills. Mr. J. Wood-Mason obtained two females on NemothaPeak, Cachar, 
