174 
LPPIDOPTJEBA INDICA. 
of head, palpi, collar, sides of thorax beneath, and. anal half of abdomen crimson; 
sides of abdomen with a row of black dots. 
Female. Upperside somewhat paler. Forewing with the transverse interrupted 
bands ochreous-white. Rindwing with the discal series of spots much paler and 
somewhat ochraceous, and the sub-marginal lunules paler and duller crimson. Under¬ 
side as in the male. 
Expanse, d to 4J, $ 4\ to 4f inches. 
Larva. Cylindrical, tapering slightly towards each end; rich dark purple- 
brown ; with a sub-dorsal and two lateral rows of crimson fleshy cylindrical tubercles, 
the lowest row shortest, and an additional lateral tubercle on the third and fourth 
segment; a transverse row of four pinkish-white spots on the seventh and eighth 
segment; head and legs blackish. 
Pupa. —Head truncate in front; thorax dorsally conical and laterally rounded; 
wing-cases posteriorly rounded and dilated ; abdominal segments with four subdorsal 
short foliaceous protuberances ; colour pale violaceous-ochreous. 
Habitat. —Lower India (Central Provinces, Bombay, Madras) ; Ceylon ; 
Calcutta ; Chittagong. 
Distribution. —This butterfly has a rather restricted range. Mr. W. Rothschild 
cites specimens from the “ Central Provinces ” {lx. 284). Col. C. Swinhoe obtained 
it at “ Poona, Bombay, in March and June ; at Belgaum in October, and in Bombay 
in July, September, and October” (P. Z. S. 1885, 145). Mr. J. Davidson and 
E. H. Aitken (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1890, 862) say, “larvse were found, in Bombay, 
throughout the monsoon, and once in April, on a plant near water, which 
had retained some green leaves. In June, when they first appeared, it was difficult 
to get food for them, as the young shoots of Aristolochia had scarcely begun 
to sprout. The egg must have been laid on the dry stalks of last season.” 
“ The butterfly is very common, in the Kanara District of Bombay, at the 
same time as Ornith. Minos , but it is of course more plentiful at all seasons ” (ib. lx. 
1896, 577). Mr. S. N. Ward (MS. Notes) records it as “common all over the 
Peninsula, and is, I think, the commonest species of its tribe, which may be 
accounted for by its frequenting low flowering shrubs and herbs, such as grow by 
the road side. It is found on the Hills, both Nilghiri and Shevaroy, though not so 
commonly as lower down. It lasts from May to September. Its larva feeds upon 
Aristolochia indica. Its changes occupy ten days or a fortnight.” Mr. R. S. Eaton 
observed that “in the Bombay Presidency, during the latter part of the rains 
(Sept.—Dec.) in the beginning of the cold weather, this butterfly commonly roosts 
in flocks. About sunset they betake themselves to trees—usually the ‘ Babul/ 
a species of Acacia —clinging to the underside of the subpendulous branches 
towards their extremities in crowds of many hundreds ; and there they rest until the 
