180 
LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 
being generally the smallest or tlie shortest, these spots thus forming a more or less 
large discal patch, and in some specimens a small dentated spot is contiguously 
situated within the end of the cell; the contiguous anal irregular-shaped spot is 
more elongated. Underside. Forewing duller black ; the vein-streaks pale 
fuliginous-grey and broader. Rindwing with the discal white spots as on upperside; 
the six submarginal spots and posterior portion of the anal spot bright crimson. 
Female. Upperside. Ground-colour similar to the dry-season form. Forewing 
with the vein-streaks paler. Rindwing with the discal white spots as in the male; 
the submarginal lunules broader and paler. Underside similar to the male. 
Expanse, S ? 3 to 4 inches. 
Larva. — 44 Adult 1J inch long. Stout, cylindrical and tuberculous. Ground¬ 
colour velvet brown-black; dorsal line black ; four longitudinal rows of fleshy 
tubercles bright red at the apex and velvety at the base; a similar lateral row of 
tubercles on anterior segments; on seventh segment a milk-white jagged lacerated 
band reaching right across the body and terminating at the third row of tubercles ; 
the tubercles on that segment are white with the exception of the third and fourth 
row; head black; segmental incisions dark purple-brown; legs and abdomen 
beneath black ; stigmates black; retractile tentacula orange. Feeds on Aristolochia 
indie a. Habits slow.” 
Pupa. — 44 August 29th ; darkish-brown ; stout and broad, swollen at the sides ; 
with four pairs of very prominent protuberances on the back of abdomen. Imago 
emerged September 10th ” (Capt. H. L. Chaumette, Lucknow, MS. Notes). 
Habitat. —Northwestern, Eastern, and Continental India; Ceylon; Burma; 
Tenasserim; Siam; Malay Peninsula; Nicobars ; Java; Formosa; W. China. 
Historical Note. —Mr. L. de Niceville remarks, 44 the food plant of this 
butterfly ( Aristolochia ) must have been known to Fabricius in Europe in 1775, when 
he described the insect, and probably named it after the pabulum of the larva ” 
(J. A. S. Beng. 1900, 257). 
Distribution and Habits. —In North-Western India it is recorded by Mr. P. W. 
Mackinnon as being 44 found rarely in the Dehra Dun in April and October ” (J. 
Bombay N. H. S. 1S98, 591). Mr. W. Doherty took it 44 at Ranibagh and Haldwani 
at the foot of the Hills, Kumaon ” (J. A. S. Bengal, 1886, 137). Capt. A. M. Lang 
says, 44 Not observed in the North-West Himalayas. It occurs in Oudh, and rare at 
Umballa” (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1864, 101). Capt. H. L. Chaumette found and reared the 
larva in Lucknow in 1861, feeding on Aristolochia indica , the description of which, 
from his MS. Notes, is given above. The larvae were found in August, changed to 
pupae on the 29th, and the imago emerging on September 10th. The butterfly is 
found on the wing in Lucknow from April to October, but is not common. It is fond 
of flying amongst the orange and lime groves, the thorns of which continually destroy 
