206 
LEPIDOPTEPA INDICA. 
F. M. Mackwood states that it is a found all over the island, predominating in the 
low country. March and April the principal time for emergence from chrysalis. 
Very difficult to capture perfect.” Capt. F. J. Hutchison says, “ Western Central 
and Southern provinces of the island, both Plains and Hills, in forest and open 
ground. Taken at Colombo from April to end of December ; elsewhere at various 
times. It has a slow majestic flight; flaps the wings a great deal. Is quite fearless 
and easily caught hovering over flowers.” Capt. H. Wade obtained it at “ Kandy 
and G-alle.” Sir J. E. Tennent (Nat. Hist. Ceyj. 425) says the butterfly “darts 
rapidly through the air, alighting on the ruddy foliage of the Hibiscus, or the dark 
green foliage of the Citrus, on which it deposits its eg’gs. The larva has a hump on 
the fourth or fifth segment, and from this hump, on being irritated, it protrudes a 
horn of an orange colour, bifurcate at the extremity, and covered with a pungent 
mucilaginous secretion, and strikes it upon the offending object with unerring aim ” 
(Lep. Ceylon i. 149). 
Indo-Malayan Species.— Iliades Memnon (Papilio Memnon, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 
x. p. 460, d (1758). Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 142, pi. 91, fig. C, d (1776). Sulzer, 
Gesch. Ins. p. 141, pi. 12, fig. 5, d (1776). Jablonsky, Nat. Schmett. i. p. 210, 
pi. 6, fig. 2, 8, d (1783). Rcemer, Gen. Ins. Linne, p. 17, pi. 12, fig. 5, d (1789). 
Esper, Ausi. Schmett. p. 86, pi. 20, fig. 3, d (1790). Godart, Enc, Meth. ix. p. 29 
(1819). Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. 1. Company, i. pi. 3, fig. 3, 3a, larva and pupa 
(1828). Swainson, Zool. Illust. iii. pi. 95 (1833). Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lep. i. p. 192 
(1836). De Haan, Verb. N. G. Ned. pi. 3, fig. 2, 3, ? (1840). Doubleday and 
Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep. i. p. 10 (1846). Wallace, Tr. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 46, pi. 1, 
fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, ? (1865). Piepers, Tijcl. v. Ent. 1888, p. 350, pi. 8, fig. 5, larva. 
de Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1895, p. 515, d ?. Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. 
p. 312 (1895). Iliades Memnon, Htibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p, 89, d (1816). Syn. 
Pap. atrovenatus, Goeze, Ent. Beyt. iii. 1, p. 44 d (1799). Seba Tlies. iv. pi. 16, 
fig. 10, 11, d (1765). Pap. Achates, Sulzer, Gesch. Ins. p. 141, pi. 12. fig. 2, ? 
(1776). Cramer, lx. iii. p. 84, pi. 243, fig. A, ? (1782). Jablonsky, l.c. ii. p. 179, 
pi. 15, tig. 1, 9 (1784). Roemer, l.c. p. 68, pi. 12, fig. 2, ?. Pap. Laomedon, 
Cramer, lx. i. p. 78, pi. 50, fig. A, B, ? (1776). Pap. Anceus, Cram. lx. p. 44, 
pi. 222, fig. A, B, ? (1792). Jablonsky, l.c. ii. p. 15, pi. 8, fig. 1, ? (1784). Esper, 
l.c. p. 135, pi. 35, fig. 1, $ (1788). Pap. Achatiades, Esper, lx. p. 118, pi. 18, 
fig. 2, ?; pi. 29, fig. 1, ? (1786). Pap. Arbates, Zink.-Som. Nov. Act. Acad. N. C. 
xv. p. 151, d (1831). Pap. Memnon var. Javanus et Erebinus, Haase, Untersuck. 
lib. Mim. p. 57, ? (1894). Pap. Mem. aber. Sericatus, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 
1898, p. 427, d. Note. —Dr. L. Martin records having “frequently bred Pap. 
Memnon, and obtained all four forms of the female from eggs laid b}^ one mother. 
In another case four eggs deposited by a tailed female of form 4, did not yield a 
