208 
LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 
deeply scalloped; tailed in both sexes ; basal area of upperside very hairy. Antennal 
club shorter ; hind tibia slender, with rows of short fine spines. Sexes similar. 
Larva and Pupa. —Similar to Iliades. 
Type. —C. Helenus. 
CHARUS HELENUS (Plate 454, fig. 1, la, b, <$, lc, £)• 
Papilio Helenus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 459 (1758); id. xii. p. 745 (1767). Clerck, leones Ins. i. 
pi. 13, fig. 2 (1759). Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 185 (1764). Houtt. Nat. Hist. i. 2, p. 191, pi. 8', fig. 1 
(1767). Muller, Naturs. v. p. 567, pi. 17, fig. 1 (1774). Eabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 443 (1775). 
Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 90, pi. 153, fig. A, B (1777). Esper, Ausl. Sehmett. p. 18, pi. 2, fig. 2 
(1784). Jablonsky, Nat. Sehmett. ii. p. 166, pi. 14, fig. 4, (1784). Godart, Encyc. Meth. ix. 
p. 68 (1819). Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. p. 211 (1836). Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. 
Lep. i. p. 11 (1846). Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 101 (1857); id. Proc. Zook Soc. 1865, 
p. 757; id. 1878, p 840. Butler, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. i. p. 553 (1877-9). de Nicevillp, 
Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, p. 59. Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1881, p. 873 ; Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 
p. 429. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Yet. Akad. Handl. 1882, p. 10. Staudinger, Exot. Sehmett. i. 
p. 7 (1884). Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 343, pi. 29, fig. 3, <y (1885). Manders, Tr. Ent. Soc. 
1890, p. 536. Leech, Butt, of China, ii. p. 548 (1893). Oberthiir, Etud. Ent. xvii. p. 4 (1893). 
Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. p. 284 (1895). 
A.chillides Helenus, Hiibner, Yerz. bek. Sehmett. p. 85 (1816). 
Charus Helenus, Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, p. 51. Swinhoe, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1893, 
p. 312. 
Papilio ( Charus ) Helenus , Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 137. Elwes and de Niceville, 
ib. 1886, p. 436. Watson, Journ. Bombay N. IT. Soc. 1891, p. 54. de Niceville, Sikkim Gaz. 
1894, p. 172. 
Papilio Helenus , aber. rufcitus, Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. p. 286 (1895). 
Imago. —Male. Upperside rich brownish-black; cilia alternated wdth white. 
Forewing with slender longitudinal streaks of golden-yellow scales within the cell, 
and hairy-scaled broad streaks between the outer veins ; lower base of the wing also 
sparsely speckled with golden-yellow scales. Iiindiving with a cream-white upper 
discal patch composed of three portions, a short almost quadrate portion in the 
costal interspace, and two lower large elongate portions in the subcostal interspaces, 
a few white or grey scales also being present below the lovmr portion ; at the anal 
angle is a dark purple-red circlet which generally partly encloses a round black spot, 
followed by a lower saabmarginal series of three, sometimes four, more or less 
apparent purple-red incurved lunules, the first or lower one sometimes forming a 
circle round a black spot; in some specimens the lower lunule is obsolescent, in 
others all the latter are obsolete. Underside paler. Forewing with prominent 
greyish-white scaled slender cell-streaks and broad outer vein-streaks. Hindwing 
with the upper basal area speckled with greyish-white scales, and three similar 
scaled slender longitudinal streaks within the cell, the base of the median and 
