40 
LEPILOPTERA INDICA. 
lunate spots, and a prominent deep red anal spot, which latter is inwardly-edged by 
a blue-scaled lunule ; the outer-discal black area being medially traversed generally 
by a more or less lunularly-disposed cluster of blue scales between the veins; cilia 
between tlie veins edged inwardly by a slender yellow lunule. Underside. Forewing 
with pale yellow basal interspaces, cell bars, transverse discal band, and a broad 
submarginal continuous band, the veins and the margins of the markings only being 
black ; the outer-discal interspace being also almost completely filled up with densely 
packed yellow scales. Hindwing pale yellow, the veins only and the edges of the 
outer markings being black; the anal ocellus paler red, the end of upper and middle 
and sometimes of each yellow interspace often being also red tinted; the entire 
transverse discal interspaces densely covered with yellow scales and inwardly 
thickly speckled with violet-blue scales. Body above black, beneath and sides of 
abdomen pale yellow; sides of thorax above, frontal tuft and palpi yellow ; legs 
above blackish, beneath yellowish, the tarsi being blackish; antennge black. 
Female. Upperside similar to the male. Forewing with the yellow cell-bars 
broader, the discal band generally somewhat narrower, and the sub marginal spots 
larger. Underside similar to the male. 
Expanse, 34 to 3J inches. 
Larva and Pupa (see Plate 481). 
Habitat. —North-Western and Central Himalayas. 
Life History. — Egg. “ Small, globular, and of a somewhat bluish-green 
colour. Laid in considerable numbers on the Fennell, distributed over the 
numerous ends of the branches,—but, on the Hemlock I never detected the eggs, 
though larvae were hatched from every bunch of flowers I obtained nearly. The 
first batch of eggs are evidently laid early in April, and come out in May. The 
May batch must be laid on some other plant than the Hemlock, which barely lasts 
out the month. The Fennell is no doubt an adopted food, not being indigenous, 
but found in nearly every native garden. 
Young Caterpillar. — “ Newly born. Head large, shining black and hirsute. 
Body spined, the spines longest on the thorax, graduating and very much reduced 
in length on the 7th and 8th segment, and longer again from thence to the anal 
segment. All the spines thickly branched, and much swollen at the base. A dorsal 
white patch on the 7th and 8th segment (on which the spines also are white) ; the 
rest of the surface ochreous-green. Anterior margin of the 2nd segment and 
spiracular inflation light coloured. True legs shining black; the claspers dark 
coloured with light tips. First Moult .—Larva pale oclireous spotted with black, 
with the dorsal white patch on the 7th and 8th segment, and whitish about the 
vent. Dorsal spines velvety-black, except those included in the white patch, which 
have black branches. The lateral line of tubercles above the spiracular inflation 
