120 
LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 
apex, which is truncate ; legs all perfect, long, tarsal claws bifid, and mostly with 
pulvilli and paronychia; front tibia? without a lateral spur. 
Egg. —“Very tall and slender, tapering toward a much smaller rounded 
summit, either squarely truncate at the base, or tapering as much or nearly as much 
as at the summit, so as to render the egg subfusiform; provided with a number of 
distinct longitudinal ribs and crossed by frequent transverse finer raised lines ” 
(Scudder, lx. 1033). 
Adult Larva. —Cylindrical; very slightly tapering at the ends ; body smooth 
or uniformly clothed with short fine pubescence arising from minute warts, or the 
hairs are longish and sparsely distributed; head free ; prothoracic segment not 
furnished with retractile tentacula. 
Pupa. —Attached by the tail and a girth round the body; slender, angulated ; 
head more or less pointed. 
Habits op Larvae, etc.— “ All the larvae of the Pieridae lie, when full grown, 
on the upperside of the leaf, and, when solitary (some of them are gregarious) along 
the mid-rib, coating the leaf where they lie with a bed of silk. The eggs are 
generally laid singly on the upper surface of the leaf or on young shoots; exceptions 
to this are Teracolus amatus , Applets Hippoides, and Delias Eucharis ,—this last is 
aberrant also in that the eggs are laid on the underside of the leaf, where the larvae 
herd together,— Belenois Mesentina, Tevicts Sillietana, which lay their eggs in clusters, 
the larvae of these, when young, are gregarious, but generally, when full grown, 
separate where the food is plentiful. The egg of the Pieridae is spindle-shaped, 
standing on one end, and is always more or less strongly ridged longitudinally and 
striated finely transversely; in colour it is generally pure white, turning to yellow or 
orange, that of NyeMtona Xipliia is blue, and that of Huphina blotched with red. 
With few exceptions, the Pieridae are very much alike in the larva state, more alike 
than the different species of one genus often are among the Nymphalidae. The head 
is large, the body long and somewhat depressed, without excrescences, but rough 
owing to the presence of minute tubercles discernible generally only with the aid of a 
lens ; the colour is green, with usually a lateral stripe” (Davidson, Bell, and Aitken, 
Jo urn. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1896, 569). 
Cannibalism. — C£ The larvae of Applets will eat each other and any other species 
of larva feeding on the same food-plant as themselves, if forced to it by hunger. I 
have seen the larvae of Appias Libythea and A. Tapvobana eat freshly-formed pupae 
of their own species, as well as larvae changing their skins, and also the larvae and 
pupae of Leptosia Xipliia ” (J. R. D. Bell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1900, 189). 
Pood Plants. —The larvae of the Pieridae feed on plants of the Rat. Orders 
Leguminosse , Lorantliae,ese i and Gapparidctcese. 
Swarming and Migratory Habits oe Imago. —A pseudonymous author, “ Elia,” 
