PIPPIN 
125 
and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep. i. p. 42 (1847). Stainton, Man. Brit. Lep. i. p. 18 (1857). Kirby, 
Eur. Butt. p. 8 (1863). 
Mancijoium, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 1 (1806). Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. A. and Sci. 1875, p. 210. 
Grote, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxxix. p. 21 (1900). 
Pontia (pt.), Fabricius, Illiger’s Mag. vi. p. 283 (1867). Leach, Edinb. Eneyc. p. 716 (1815). 
Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 30 (1816). Samouelle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 236 (G819). 
Jermyn, Butt. Coll. Vade Mec. pp. 43, 66. (1824). 
Pieris, Latreille, Consid. Gen. C. et Ins. p. 440 (1810). Staudinger and Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 
ii. p. 60 (1886). Scudder, Syst. Rev. Amer. Butt. p. 41 (1872) ; id. Butt. U.S. ii. p. 1171 
(1889). Kirby, Allen’s Natr. Libr. Butt. ii. p. 142 (1896). Tutt, Brit. Butt. p. 229 (1896). 
Grote, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxxix. p. 21 (1900). 
Ganoris (pt.), Dalmann, Vetensk. Acad. Handl. xxxvii. pp. 61, 86 (1816). 
Catophaga (pt.), Hiibner, Yerz. bek. Schmett. p. 93 (1816). 
Pontia (sect. 1), Stephens, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. i. p. 15 (1827). 
Pontia , Rennie, Consp. Butt. p. 2 (1832). Westwood, Intr. Class. Ins. ii. Syn. p. 87 (1840). 
Pieris (sect. A), Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 4. (1850). 
Imago. — For Giving elongated, triangular ; apex obtusely angled; cilia ample; 
subcostal vein four branched, first and second free ; first at one-fourth before end of 
the cell, second immediately before the end, third bifid, the fourth starting from 
close to the apex; upper radial emitted from the subcostal at nearly one-third 
beyond the cell, lower radial from angle of the discocellulars ; cell long and broad ; 
median veinlets equidistant apart; submedian yein recurved. Hindwing elongated 
anteriorly; costa very oblique, convex externally; cilia ample; cell long, broad 
across the middle and pointed at the apex; discocellulars long and very oblique, 
nearly straight; subcostal branches very long ; submedians long. Thorax , head 
and front clothed with fine silky hairs ; palpi short, hairy beneath to the tip, 
terminal joint cylindrical and longer than second ; antennas long, slender, club 
gradually thickened to tip, club almost cylindrical; abdomen of male above densely 
clothed with laxly compressed longish hair-like scales, denser beneath. 
Egg. —Elask or skittle-shaped, with 15 to 17 longitudinal ribs, and delicate 
transverse reticulation. Deposited on end in batches. 
Larva.— Cylindrical; clothed with very short fine hairs. Often gregarious, 
but not living under a web. Feeds on Cruciferx and Trojweolacese. 
Pupa. —Attached by the tail and a girth round the body. “ Stout, somewhat 
angulated; head with a central projected spike; back keeled throughout, the keel 
rising angularly on thorax to an obtuse posterior point and then descending to the 
waist; abdomen not so prominently keeled, at the end the keel bifurcates forming 
the two sides of the anal spike; the shoulders angulated, from these a subdorsal 
ridge angulated along the wing-cases with two prominences, the second is highest, 
and in some becomes quite a spike ; outline of belly gently curved from head to end 
of wing-cases, where the tongue-case projects free, thence the abdomen is less curved 
