126 
LJEPID OPT ERA INDICIA. 
to the tail; the anal spike fiat, almost square, being made up of the two outside 
ridges with a triangular piece between and set on the ventral surface with many 
short spines curved at the tip and then spreading into broad edged hooks.” 
(Buckler.) 
Type. —D. Brassicse. 
Historical Note on the Genus Danaus. 
1758. Linnaeus, Syst. Hat. ed. x. pp. 467-470, used the name Danaus only, at the 
heading of the pages, for both the sections of his Papilio Danai, viz. 
Danai Candidi and D. Festivi. The species enumerated under the first 
section being modern Pieridse, and those of the second section mostly 
Euploeinse. 
1761. Poda, Ins. Mus. Grsecensis, p. 61, cites species of Pieridse only, under 
D. Gcindidi. 
1777. Esper, Die Schmett. i. p. 51, uses the name Danaus , in a subgeneric sense, 
for species of Pieridse, representing the Linnsean D. Candidi, and figures 
D. Bi "assicse. 
1788. Borkhausen, Hat. Eur. Schmett. i. p. 252, establishes the Danai on modern 
Pieridse, Bhamni , Cleopatra , IIgale, Cardamines , Daplidiee , 8inapis, Napi , 
Brassicse , Cratoegi , etc. 
1793. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 186, restricts the Danai to the D. Candidi of 
Linnaeus, and separates the modern Danainse [Euplceinse] under the name 
of Festivi. 
1795. Weber, Homen. Ent. pp. 99, 106, follows the restriction of Fabricius. 
1798. Cuvier, Tabl. Elem. Hist. Hat. p. 590, cites species of Pieridse only 
( Brassicse , Bapse) under Danai. 
1798. Cederheim, Faun. Ingricae Prod. p. 206, uses Danaus for species of Pieridse 
( Brassicse , Bapse , Napi , Sinapis , Daplidiee , Cardamines , Bhamni). 
1801. Lamarck, Syst. Anim. p. 284, under P. Danai , gives Brassicse and Argus. 
1801. Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ. Hefte, 73, 74 ; id. 84, Index p. xi. uses Danaus 
generically, for species of Pieridae. 
1806. Turton, Linn. Syst. Hat. iii. pt. 2, p. 64, also restricts the Danai to species of 
Pieridse. 
1809. Latreille, Gen. C. et Ins. iv. p. 201, proposed Damans to supplant his own 
genus Danaida (Sonn. Buff. xiv. 108 (1805), and of Danais (Illiger’s Mag. 
vi. p. 291 (1807), using it for species of Euploeinse. 
1815. Oken, Lehrb. i. p. 723, used Danaus for Pieridae only. 
1872. Crotch, Cistula Entom. i. p. 60, refers Danaus to Linnaeus, and says the type 
was fixed by Cuvier (Tabl. Elem. 1798, p. 590) as Brassicse. 
