194 
LPPID OPT ERA INDICA. 
Imago. —Male. Forewing triangular, less so in the female; apex obtuse, costal 
vein extending to two-thirds the margin ; subcostal vein four branched, first branch 
emitted at one-fourth and second at one-eightli before end of the cell, third bifid at 
one-third before the apex ; upper radial emitted at one-fourth beyond the cell; upper 
discocellular obliquely-concave, lower straight, the lower radial from their angle; 
cell more than half length of the wing; middle median at one-fourth, lower at more 
than half before end of the cell; submedian vein waved. Hindwing short, broadly- 
oval; exterior margin convex hindward; precostal vein nearly straight ; costal vein 
curved ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell; upper discocellular very 
oblique, lower less oblique, radial from their angle ; cell broad ; middle median at 
one-fifth and lower at near half before end of the cell; submedian vein straight, 
internal recurved. Body moderate; thorax stout, hairy ; palpi porrect, hairy 
beneath, second joint extending half beyond the head, third joint long, slender; 
antennas with a lengthened spatular club. Anal valves of male elongated, provided 
with a tuft of long rigid hairs on each side of the base beneath. 
Larva [Libythea].—Cylindrical, slightly tapering at each end; anal segment 
slightly bifid. 
Pupa. —Head with a short frontal snout; a thoracic dorsal acute prominence, a 
medial-abdominal lateral angular-process on each side. 
Type. —A. Zelmira. 
Seasonal Variation, etc.— “ This is shown in the miny-secison forms being 
larger and more profusely marked than the dry-season ones. The latter also having 
the ground-colour of the underside tinged with ochreous instead of being pure white. 
A. Zelmira is a species which shows the transition from the extreme of one form to 
the extreme of the other more clearly than any other species known to me, and it is 
by no means difficult to obtain a series of males showing every stage from one 
extreme—with all the veins on the underside of the hindwing broadly black, to the 
other extreme—in which the whole hindwing is of a uniform, slightly ochreous tint, 
the only marking being a few greyish scales across the end of the cell.” (Watson, 
J. Bombay N. H. S. 1894, 497.) 
APPIAS HIPPOIDES. 
Appias Hippoides, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 312, id. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, p. 49. 
de Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1885, p. 51 ; id. l.c. 1886, p. 372. Taylor, List Butt, of 
Orissa, p. 15 (1888). Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1889, p. 120. de Niceville, Sikkim 
Gazetteer, 1894, p. 169. Adamson, List Butt, of Burm. p. 43 (1897). 
Tachyris Hippoides , Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1888, p. 418. 
Catophaga Hippoides, Watson, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1894, p. 501. 
