196 
LEPIDOPTERA INDIOA. 
Dry-season Brood (Plate 541, fig. 1, la, $ , lb, c, $ ). 
Appias Vacans } Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1870, p. 490, $ . id. Lep. Exotica, p. 90, pi. 34, 
%• 5, 6, $ (1872). Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 839 ; id. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 
p. 49. 
Appias Epictzna, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 398, $ <j>. 
Male. Smaller than wet-season form. Upperside similar, except that on the 
hindwing the marginal black band is narrower and less sinuous and its submarginal 
grey border also less apparent. Underside. 'Forewing similar to the wet-season 
form. Hindwing yellow, generally of a deeper tint; the marginal band much 
narrower, usually about half the width of the wet form. 
Female. Also smaller than the wet form. Upperside. Forewing with two 
upper and three lower-discal broader greyish-white streaks, the posterior margin also 
being white-streaked. Hindwing greyish-white, slightly flushed with very pale 
yellow, the dark outer band restricted to the margin. Underside. Foreiving with 
broader white areas. Hindiving uniformly yellow, including the veins, the marginal 
band much narrower than in the wet form. 
Expanse, S 2 x - 0 to 2-^, ? 2 x - 0 to 2 x - 0 inches. 
Extreme Dry-season (typical vacans , Butler). Male. Upperside similar to 
the ordinary dry form. Underside. Forewing with white apical spot. Hind- 
wing uniformly paler yellow than in ordinary dry form, the marginal band 
narrow. 
Female. Upperside. Forewing with the black band restricted to the costal 
border and exterior margin, and on the latter not reaching the cell along the upper 
median veinlet. Hindiving with the black marginal band narrower than in ordinary 
dry form. Underside. Forewing with the costal and exterior band restricted as on 
the upperside, but paler. Hindwing uniformly pale or clear yellow; the band 
narrower than in ordinary dry form. 
Expanse, cf 2 ? 2 x - 0 to 2 x - 0 inches. 
Habitat. —N.E. India; Burma ;. Tenasserim ; Siam; Tonkin. 
Disteibutiox, Habits, etc. —Mr. W. 0. Taylor records it as being “ common in 
some localities in Orissa, Lower Bengal” (List, 1888, 15). Mr. L. de Niceville 
“ captured a single male in a garden at Sealclak near Calcutta, in November” (J. As. 
Soc. Beng. 1885, 51). Col. C. Swinhoe has both sexes of the dry-season form from 
Maldah, Upper Bengal, taken by Mr. N. Irvine, and which he has described as 
A. Epicasnc I Mr. W. Doherty, in his “Notes on Assam Butterflies” (Journ. As. 
Soc. Bengal, 1889, 120), writes, “ The normal form of the female, of Agypias 
Hippoides, is dark above and below, and but slightly clouded with whitish and dirty 
yellow. It was usually taken in the forest, moving slowly about in the deep shade, 
or lyin g perdue among the leaves. The other was almost as brightly coloured with 
