200 
LEP1D OPT ERA IN DIG A. 
upperside. Hindwing yellow ; costal and subcostals brown lined ; marginal band 
broad, its inner edge deeply sinnous. 
Expanse, S 2^ 0 , $ 2^ to 2$, inches. 
Habitat. —South India. 
Distribution, Habits, Larva. —We possess males from Kanara, taken by the 
late Mr. S. H. Ward. Col. C. Swinhoe has both sexes from Karwar. Messrs. 
Davidson and Aitken record it as being C{ found in the forests on the slopes and 
crest of the Ghats, and is common, but seems to come out more during the rainy- 
season. We have bred it from December to May, on the Caper (Cratsevia religiosa). 
The eggs are laid in clusters. The larva and pupa are not very different from 
A. Lihythea , the pupa may be distinguished from it by the second segment being 
produced laterally into a tongue-like process, which embraces the shoulder ” (J. 
Bombay N. H. S. 1896, 574). Mr. G. E. Hampson found it “ rare in the Hilgiris, at 
from 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation ” (lx. p. 362). Mr. H. S. Eerguson records it as 
44 not uncommon in the low country of Travancore from April to August. Rare in 
the Hills, 2,000 to 4,000 feet ( lx. p. 444). Capt. E. Y. Watson obtained a female, 
probably of a dry-season form, at 44 Kathlekan, Madras, in December” (lx. 1890, 
p. 8). In the British Museum are specimens from the Nilgiris ; Borsippa Ealls, 
September (Watson); Malabar (ex Coll. P. Crowley); and Trevandrum, 
Travancore. 
Of our illustrations on Plate 541, fig. 3, 3a are from a Malabar male, and 3b 
from a Karwar female. 
APPIAS ZELMIRA. 
Wet-season Brood (Plate 542, fig. 1, la, <$, I, b, c, ?). 
Papilio Zelmira, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 320, fig. C. D. $ (1782).— nee fig. E. F.) 
Appias Zelmira , Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 91 (1816). Butler, Cistula Ent. i. p. 49 (1870) ; id. 
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1898, p. 392. Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p.'839; id. Journ. Linn. Soc. 
Zool. 1886, p. 49. de Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1885, p. 50; id. 1886, pp. 372—432. 
Swinboe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 309. Watson, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1894, p. 497-8, 
pi. 2, fig. 1—5, A ; id. l.c. 1897, p. 670. Kirby, Allen’s Nat. Libr. Butt. ii. p. 173 (1896). 
Adamson, List Burm. Butt. 1897, p. 44. 
Pieris Zelmira, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. p. 533, $ (1836). 
Tachyris Zelmira, Butler, Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 210 (1869), Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 465 
(1871). 
Pieris Nerissa, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. p. 535 (1836), nec Fabricius. 
Tachyris Neris&a, Wallace, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. 364. 
Appias Lihythea ( pt.), Fruhstorfer, Deuts. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 293 ; id. Soc. Ent. 1903, pp. 26, 41. 
Appias Lihythea, de Niceville, Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, p. 169. . 
