PIERINJE. 
203 
as being “common in the Khasia Hills” (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, 309). Mi. L. 
de Nieeville records it (as A. Libythea) from Sikkim, as “ occurring rather rarely at 
2,000 feet elevation, in May ” (Sikk. Gaz. 1894, 169). In Burma, according to the 
observations made by Col. C. H. E. Adamson, “ the form Zelmira appears in the 
rainy-season and changes imperceptibly, as the cold and dry seasons follow each other, 
into the form known as Irvinii. In my series of many males and females, although 
I have extreme forms of each variety, yet it is quite impossible to divide the t\\ o when 
a large number are seen together. I have also taken undoubted males of Zelmira in 
coitu with both varieties of females. The insect is common in Upper Burma from 
October to April” (List Burm. Butt. 1897, 44). Capt. E. Y. Watson obtained it 
during the Chin-Lushai Exped. of 1889-90 at “ Pauk, in September and October, at 
Pokoko, in September, and at Tilin, in December. Very common ” (J. Bombay 
N. H. Soc. 1891, 53). Capt. E. Y. Watson took the “ wet form (his fig. 1) at Pokoko, 
Upper Burma, in October, the intermediate form (his figs. 2 and 3) in the Upper 
Chindwin District, Upper Burma, in May, and the dry form (his fig. 4) in the Yaw 
District, Upper Burma, in January, and (fig. 5) in Toungoo, Lower Burma, in 
January ” (J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1894, 498). Mr. O. Limborg captured it on the 
road from Moulmein to Meetan, Upper Tenasserim ” (P. Z. S. 1878,839). Mr. L. 
de Nieeville records it from Ponsekai, and the Hills on the Siamese frontier ” (J. As. 
Soc. Beng. 1886, 432). Dr. J. Anderson obtained it on “ Elphinstone Island, Mergui, 
in March.” (J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 49). 
We possess a specimen of both sexes from Bauleah near Calcutta, from Mr. A. 
Grote’s collection ; males from Assam, Sikkim, both sexes from Burma and 
Tenasserim. 
APPIAS LIBYTHEA. 
Papilio Libythea , Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 471 (1775); Spec. Ins. p. 41 (1781); Mant.Ins. p. 19 ^1787). 
Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 190 ; ? (1793). Jones, leones, pi. 54, fig. 2 $ . Donovan, Ins. India, pi. 27, 
fig. 3, $ (1800). 
Pieris Libythea, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep. p. 46 (1847). Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1865, 
p. 759. 
Tachyris Libythea, Butler, Catal. Eabr. Lep. B. M. p. 210 (1869). Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 465 
(1871). 
Appias Libythea, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 134, pi. 52, fig. 3, 3a $ $ (1881). Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. 1885, p. 138, id. 1886, p. 431. Hampson, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1888, p. 362. Davidson and 
Aitken, Jou>n. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1890, p. 258; id. 1896, p. 573. Taylor, Butt, of Orissa, 
1888, p. 16. de Nieeville, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1898, p. 591 ; id. J. As. Soc. Beng. 1900, 
p. 254; id. l.c. 1899, p. 218. Watson, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1890, p. 268; id. J. Bombay N. H. 
Soc. 1894, pp. 497-8. 
Appias Libythea (pt.), Fruhstorfer, Deuts. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 293 ; id. Soc. Ent. 1903, p. 26 
Papilio Zelima, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 320, fig. E. F. $ ( nec fig. C. D.). 
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