PIERINAE. 
205 
Pry-season Brood (Plate 542, fig. 3 , 3a, b ?). 
Appias Ares , Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 138, £ ? . 
Male. Upperside. Forewing with a diffused broader grey-black scaled outer- 
marginal baud. Hindwing unmarked. Underside with the apical area of forewing, 
and entire hindwing tinted with very pale yellow. 
Female. Upperside. Forewing with the cell-band and the marginal band 
somewhat narrower than in specimens of the intermediate form, the connecting 
streak being entirely absent. Hindwing unmarked. Underside. Forewing with the 
cell-band and marginal band faintly indicated, the apical area pale yellow tinted. 
Hindwing pale yellow tinted ; the discal fascia faintly indicated. 
Expanse, A ? 2 to 2^ inches. 
Larva.— Cylindrical, slightly tapering at each end, anal segment slightly bifid ; 
colour, green. 
Pupa. —Attached to a leaf. Head with a short frontal snout; a thoracic-dorsal 
acute prominence, a medial-abdominal lateral angular process on each side (described 
from Sir W. Elliot’s drawing, Madras, 1854). 
Habitat. —North-Western, Central, South-Eastern, and South India; Ceylon. 
Note. The Fabrician type specimens, female, of A. Libigthea , are preserved in 
the Banksian Collection at the British Museum. 
Distribution, Habits, Larva, etc.— Mr. L. de Niceville records “ a single female 
in Col. A. M. Lang’s collection, taken at Masuri, W. Himalaya, on June 17th, 1868, 
at 7,000 feet elevation” (J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1898, 591). We possess two 
females labelled “ Punjab.” A male from Delhi is in the Calcutta Museum. 
Mr. W. S. Atkinson, in his MS. Notes, writes, “Plains of Bengal; not common.” 
We possess a male from Balasore, Lower Bengal, taken by Mr. Arthur Grrote. 
Mr. W. C. Taylor records it as “ common at Khorda in Orissa ” (List, p. 15). The 
late Sir W. Elliot “ found the larva in Madras feeding on Gratseva Boxburghii , in 
July, 1854, changing to pupa July 25th, the imago emerging July 29th.” Capt. 
E. Y. Watson found it “ not uncommon in Madras, from May to August ” (J. Bombay 
N. H. Soc. 1890, 268). Col. C. Swinhoe obtained i( Libythea in Bombay, from July 
to December, in Poona October to April; the form Ares in Poona from November to 
March” (P. Z. S. 1885, 188), also Libigthea in Mhow, June, and Ares also in Mhow, 
in January” (id. l.c. 1886, 431), his types of retexta being taken in “Bombay and 
Poona from July to December” (Ann. N. H. 1890, 360). Messrs. J. Davidson and 
E. H. Aitken write, “We did not get this butterfly in Kanara, but reared a good 
many in Bombay during April and May, on Gapparis horrida. The larva is long, 
green, somewhat depressed, and has the rough surface and general aspect of a 
Terias , or a Gatopsilia , but the anal extremity tapers a little and is slightly but 
