5 
off after the freezing, as though quite well, and in a few minutes falls 
forward in the stupor described, without other motor symptoms of any 
remarkable character. 
Back and Sides of Neck .—I have already pointed out that chilling or 
freezing the skin of the posterior neck occasions retrogressive acts. In no 
case did it give rise to the violent somersaults 1 which follow deep freezing. 
When the sides of the neck are chilled, the bird, as usual in all cases, 
exhibits some disorder of the respiratory movements. When released, it 
is apt to move about uneasily for a time, with much confusion in its 
motions. In other instances no such symptoms appear, but in all, soon 
or late, the pigeon is attacked at intervals with fits of enforced lateral 
walking, occasionally ending in a fall upon the side towards which it 
moves. Nothing more strange or abrupt than these paroxysms can be 
conceived of. The bird walks about, plumes his feathers, or eats, and on a 
sudden, under the overwhelming sway of these morbid impulses, it walks 
staggering to left or right, as the case may be. Stupor was far more rare 
than in the freezing of other regions. 
Anterior Neck, and Skin over the Crop .'—Freezing of the former re¬ 
gion in the middle line occasioned retrograde motions. The latter proved 
to be excessively sensitive, and, owing to the stretching of the thin tissues 
over the full crop, was at times easily frozen by a single breath of rhigolene- 
vapour. Freezing the middle line of the crop means, of course, portions 
of skin on both sides of this line. It gave rise, as in other cases, either 
to no phenomena for a time, or else to sudden forward motions, and to 
great confusion in the action of both the legs and the wings. Always, 
however, the final result was sudden and violent retrogression, and even, 
in rare instances, backward somersaults. I presume that as freezing in 
the middle line means, practically, freezing both sides at once, it is fair 
to consider that we have here a balancing of the two lateral tendencies ; 
but also there must be the third element of backward tendency, and this 
must be due to the effect on parts near to the middle line of the body, 
because this latter movement—that is to say, retrogression — does not 
follow, as a rule, the chilling of one side of the crop. Lateral freezing of 
this part occasions, usually, the most remarkable lateral motion towards 
the unfrozen side. In rare instances, especially when I froze very far from 
the central line, and low down on the crop, I obtained with motion to the 
opposite side a marked weakness and dragging of both the wing and the 
leg on the frozen side. 
Breast and Belly .—Freezing of the breast occasioned some irregular, 
confused motions, and gave rise, a little later, to great general feebleness, 
staggering forward, and spells of slight stupor. Freezing of the legs 
caused a singular dancing movement alone. When the skin of the belly 
1 Dr. Richardson did not succeed in causing this effect. 
