Review of Perkins’ “Birds of Vermont. 
7 
catum , and pennsilvanicum), hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis), and bal¬ 
sam fir (. Abies balsamea). The woods are wonderfully varied and 
the following trees are also by no means uncommon — Tamarack 
(Larix americana), Red Pine ( Pinas resinosa), Arbor Vitae 
(Thuya occidentalis), Cherry ( Primus serotina and pennsil- 
vanica, Poplar ( Pop ulus trumlouies), Ash ( Fraxinus americana 
and sambucifolia ), Oak ( Quercus alba and rubra), and Chestnut 
(Castanea sativa). For an account of the Flora I refer my 
readers to the “ Flora of Vermont,” prepared by Ezra Brainerd, 
L. R. Jones, and W. W. Eggleston. Burlington, 1900. 
Faunal Areas. 
A discussion of the faunal areas is only just touched upon by 
Prof. Perkins. An understanding of this most important and 
interesting subject can best be accomplished only after much care¬ 
ful field work has been carried on, especially on the mountains 
and along the river valleys. Four life zones are represented in 
Vermont, viz.: Upper Austral, Transition, Canadian, and Hudso- 
nian. The Upper Austral is represented only in the southernmost 
portion of the State at Pownall, where the Chat ( Icteria virens ), 
has been found. The Transition zone covers all the valleys 
and country up to nearly 2,000 feet. Species of this fauna, 
however, vary greatly in their distribution, we find for example the 
Bob-White ( Colinus virginianus) only in the very southernmost val¬ 
leys while the Kingbird (. Tyrannies tyrannies), Scarlet Tanager 
(Piranga erythromelas ), and Yellow Warbler ( Dendroeca cestiva) are 
found about the base of Mt. Mansfield. The Canadian zone is 
well represented on all the mountains and foothills above about 
1,500 feet, extending with the mountains as a belt down the centre 
of the State, and as islands on southern monadnocks. The Hud- 
sonian zone is represented only by a few species — the Bicknell’s 
Thrush ( Hylocichla a. bicknelli) Mt. Mansfield, Jay Peak, Mt. Kill- 
ington, Pico Peak, Mt. Annanance (Willoughby) ?, and probably 
on other mountain tops above 3,000 ft., Hudsonian Chickadee 
(Parus hudsonicus ) Sutton, Mt. Stratton. Red Crossbill ( Loxia c. 
minor) Craftsbury, Pine Siskin ( Spinus pinns) Brattleboro, Hart- 
land, Rutland and Mt. Mansfield? and Canada Jay ( Perisorcus 
canadensis) Mt. Mansfield and Somerset. 
