4 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Jan. 7 
SILVER AND WHEAT. 
A series of articles on the “ Free Coinage of Silver” by rep¬ 
resentative farmers on both sides of the question. 
The Position of the Grange. 
“Why, and how would the free-coinage of silver be of benefit to farm¬ 
ers?”—and therefore to all our people; for the benefit of agriculture 
means the benefit of the nation. Agriculture Is the foundation of all 
our prosperity. 
First. —Because all debts — personal, local. State and 
national—could be paid in the money of contract; con¬ 
stitutional money of the United States. 
Our mortgages, railroad, State and National bonds 
and other debt “securities” are held at home and 
abroad to the extent of thousands of millions of dol¬ 
lars. 
Lincoln said : “ If a government makes a debt with 
a certain amount of money in circulation, and then 
contracts the money volume before the debt is paid, 
it is the most heinous crime a government could com¬ 
mit against a people.” 
The demonetization of silver—never asked for by the 
people—secretly destroyed about half of the money 
basis of the Republic in use for nearly a hundred 
years. 
Scarce potatoes and apples this year make dear 
potatoes and apples. 
Scarce money means dear money. 
It takes more than twice as much farm products to 
buy a scarce, dear dollar now, than it did before silver 
was demonetized. Thus all debts are more than 
doubled, and the “ crime” of Lincoln is committed. 
And more yet: Those who hold the mortgages and 
other “ securities” can use the scarce, dear dollars, 
paid them in interest and principal, in buying twice 
as much. 
Demonetizing silver doubled the debts of the people 
and of the nation, and doubled the wealth (or purchas¬ 
ing power) of those who hold the “ securities.” 
If all the debts, interest, taxes, etc., had come down 
one-lialf when farm products went down one-half, then 
all would have fared alike, audit would not have been 
a “ crime.” 
True it is “that a dollar will now purchase more 
than ever before.” Hut it will not pay more debts 
than ever before. Farmers know that the rich 
man’s dollar will buy twice as much wheat, twice as 
much beef, pork, and also twice as much of his farm 
as before the demonetization of silver, and they also 
know that it takes twice as much wheat, beef, pork, 
and land to get that same dollar to pay on their debts ; 
whether it be a personal mortgage, or the local, 
county, State and National bonds, which are a mort¬ 
gage on us all. 
llicrefore. —Free-coinage of silver will undo the 
“ crime” (but, alas ! not all its sad effects), and place 
the debt-paying power of the dollar once more on an 
equality with its purchasing power, as they were from 
1792 to 1873. 
We must have money for the million as well as for 
the millionaire. 
Second.— England is notan agricultural, but a great 
manufacturing and commercial nation. She wants 
cheap food for her workmen, and cheap raw materials 
for her factories. 
If she can get cheap food and cheap raw materials 
and can break down the “ protection ” other countries 
have for their people, she can control the world in 
manufactures and in commerce. 
England demonetized silver in England for 32 mil¬ 
lions of her people (in England), but left free-coinage 
of silver in her India for 240,000,000 of her people; 
then she fooled some of our statesmen into demonetiz¬ 
ing silver in the United States. 
India Raises Wheat and Cotton. 
What fixes the prices of all our wheat, cotton and 
other products of which we have a surplus ? Liver¬ 
pool prices. 
What fixes Liverpool prices of wheat and cotton ? 
India prices of wheat and cotton. 
What fixes the price of India wheat and cotton in 
Liverpool ? The price of silver bullion. 
The United States furnishes about half the silver 
bullion which is used by four-fifths of the people of 
the world as money to-day. 
What fixes the price of our silver bullion ? De¬ 
monetizing it gives it one price. Free-coinage gives it 
another price. 
Congress secretly passes a law that mules (silver) 
shall never again be used in harness. Mules are de¬ 
monetized and go down in value and price. Horses 
(gold), must do double duty, are worth twice as much. 
(In time we could raise more horses, but we cannot 
produce more gold ) 
At the time our Congress demonetized silver (the 
mules) England was paying us $1.29 an ounce for our 
silver bullion. 
After demonetization of silver, which reduced its 
bullion value, (it could not be used as money, like the 
mules) England could buy our silver bullion cheaper; 
as low now as 80 cents and less an ounce. 
An ounce of silver bullion will land a bushel of India 
wheat in Liverpool (free coinage of silver in India 
makes it money there.) 
With free coinage, and silver $1.29 an ounce, India 
wheat was $1.29 a bushel in Liverpool, which fixed 
the price of all our wheat in this country. 
With demonetized silver, and silver 80 cents an ounce, 
India wheat is 80 cents a bushel in Liverpool, and all 
our wheat down in price also. 
Under free coinage, England used only 1,000,000 
bushels of India wheat in a year. 
Since demonetization, she used last year 51,000,000 
bushels of India wheat, and several weeks ago foreign 
dispatches showed that she had already this year used 
23,000,000 bushels. 
This same argument applies to cotton and its prices; 
and England has increased her imports of India cotton 
in the same proportion that she has her India wheat. 
By demonetizing silver we have helped England 
lower the price of food for her workmen, and of the 
raw materials for her factories, and we have helped 
her destroy our own markets. 
Therefore, to raise prices of all our products at home 
and abroad (for all products have gone down as silver 
went down) or as gold (horses) went up ; remonetize 
silver, (let us harness the mules again), give us free 
coinage of silver, (free use of the mules) and the 
farmer will have better prices in home and foreign 
markets, can pay his debts, and help pay those of the 
nation, and, in thousands of cases, save his home. 
Undo the wrong—“ crime ”—and let the right prevail. 
For right is might, 
And right the day must win; 
To doubt would be disloyalty, 
To falter would be sin. 
Our forefathers never asked for a “ conference ” with 
the monarchies or the money-lenders of Europe, as to 
founding a republic or making a “ Constitution.” If 
they had, the “shot heard ’round the world” would 
never have been fired. Why should we ask these 
same selfish nations and money-lenders, who are 
despoiling us, to regulate our finances now ? 
Lecturer National Grange, mortimer whitehead. 
SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO STORED GRAIN. 
Several insects are causing considerable damage in 
Delaware to stored grain, especially to wheat and corn. 
Heretofore the attacks have been confined to grain 
that has been kept over until the following season. 
This year the new crop of wheat and corn has in sev¬ 
eral instances suffered from their depredations. 
Farmers generally consider that the grain crop is safe 
from insects as soon as it is thrashed and stored in 
the granary; but such has not been the case this 
season. The continued warm weather during the 
autumn has been favorable to the increase of such in¬ 
sects and in consequence much injury was done be¬ 
fore their presence was noticed. 
Our attention was first directed to the ravages of the 
larvae of the Angoumois moth, Gelechia cerealella, by 
their sudden appearance in a room in which was stored 
a quantity of selected heads of sorghum seed. On ex¬ 
amination the moths were found to be issuing from the 
seed. This insect is a small, slender, light gray or 
brownish colored moth with broadly fringed hind 
wings. It varies in size from one-fourth to one- 
half an inch in length, and from one-half to tliree- 
fourtlis of an inch across the expanded wings. 
The size appears to depend upon the size of the 
grains from which they issue, the moths bred from 
wheat and pop-corn being very much smaller than 
those bred from the large kernels of field corn. TLere 
are two and possibly five broods of this insect under 
favorable conditions The eggs are deposited singly 
either upon the surface of the kernels of corn or wheat 
stored in bins or cribs or upon standing grain in the 
field. The larvae hatch from the eggs in a few days 
and, penetrating the kernels, feed upon the inner 
parts until ready to transform to the pupa stage, when 
they eat their way to the surface, cutting a circular 
hole nearly through the hull of the kernel, in order 
that the moth may readily escape. This small opening 
is very conspicuous in the grain from which the moth 
has issued. 
Two species of small beetles, the grain beetle, Sil- 
vanus surinamensis, and the grain weevil, Calandra 
remota-punctata, are also seriously injuring stored 
wheat in many sections. The injury is caused in very 
much the same manner as that by the Angoumois 
moth, the inner portion of the kernels being eaten out 
by the larvae. The mature beetles as well as the larvae 
also feed upon the grain. 
The insects are of a reddish or brown color and are 
about 1-16 of an inch in length. The grain beetle dif¬ 
fers from the weevil in the body being more slender 
and the thorax, or part just back of the head, having 
the sides notched or serrate. There are also three 
ridges running lengthwise on the top of the thorax, 
which may be readily distinguished by the aid of an 
ordinary magnifying glass. 
The adult grain weevils are provided with a beak or 
proboscis projecting from the front of the head, at the 
end of which their pincer-like jaws are located, while 
grain beetles are provided with biting jaws and have 
no proboscis. 
The attacks of the grain weevils and beetles are 
usually first noticed by the increase in the tempera¬ 
ture of the stored grain or bran, as they frequently 
attack the bran as well as the grain. Upon thrusting 
the hand into a mass of stored grain infested with 
these insects, it will appear moist and quite warm. 
We have during the past few years extensively 
used bi-sulphide of carbon to destroy these insects, 
with excellent results. This remedy was first sug¬ 
gested by Dr. C. V. Riley in 1879. Bi-sulphide of car¬ 
bon is a clear, colorless liquid that readily volatilizes 
when exposed to the air. The fumes from the liquid 
are heavier than the atmosphere and consequently fall 
instead of rising. 
Care must be taken when using the bi-sulphide that 
no lights or fire are near it, as both the liquid and the 
fumes readily ignite and are very explosive. Nearly 
every one who recommends its use says introduce the 
liquid into the center of the mass of grain. We find 
no necessity for so doing, as the liquid when distrib¬ 
uted over the surface of the grain rapidly volatilizes 
and the heavy fumes penetrate downward through 
the mass. 
During October we treated, with the bi-sulphide, 
several thousand bushels of wheat that were badty in¬ 
fested with the granary weevil. In some bins the 
grain was seven and one-half feet in depth. The 
liquid was distributed over the surface of the grain, 
using at the rate of one ounce of the liquid to 100 
pounds of grain. The fumes penetrated to the bottom 
of the mass, as only an occasional live insect could be 
found when the grain was run through the fanning 
mill a few days after the treatment. The best results 
are obtained when the grain is treated in a close bin. 
We treated one lot of 900 bushels of wheat that was 
stored in an open bin on the floor of a large building, 
by covering the grain with blankets after applying 
the bi-sulphide, with good results. Bi-sulphide of 
carbon can be obtained in small lots of five to ten 
pounds at 20 cents, and in lots of 50 pounds at from 10 
to 15 cents per pound. It can also be used in the same 
manner for destroying the bean and pea weevils in 
peas, beans and cow peas. 
Although bi-sulphide of carbon is a deadly poison, it 
has been proved that neither the healthfulness of the 
grain for food nor the vitality for seed is injured by 
the treatment. m. h. beckwith. 
Del. College Ag’l Ex. Station, Newark, Del. 
IKvery query must be accompanied by the name and address of the 
writer to Insure attention. Before asking a question please see If It Is 
not answered In our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions 
at one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
WHAT TO DO FOR GARGET. 
To Keep it Out of the Cow is Best. 
It has been sometime since we have had any trouble 
with garget in our herd. The cause of this trouble, 
we think, is want of care in drying off cows. They 
are not well stripped out, until thoroughly dry, and 
hence curdled milk is left to dry into a lump in the 
udder, which causes trouble at next calving. It is 
also brought on, we think, by cows taking cold, and 
other irritating causes. Probably as good a medical 
remedy as any is pliytolacca, or poke-root, to be given 
to a cow, and also to be used for bathing the udder. 
In extreme cases continued applications of hot water 
are excellent; or if a sack could be made to cover the 
udder, and filled with het bran mash, it would be ex¬ 
cellent. Salts to move the bowels are also desirable. 
SMITHS & POWELL. 
How it is Avoided. 
I rarely have any trouble with garget, never any 
serious cases. What causes garget I do not know; 
what will prevent it—or what I suppose prevents it in 
my herd—is to keep the cows in a common-sense kind 
of way. I milk my cows (Jerseys) right up to the time 
of calving—some of them haven’t been dry for many 
years—try to feed them with some kind of laxative 
feed for six or eight weeks before they calve, let them 
eat the placenta (I would as soon think of cutting off 
their tails as to keep them from eating this), give them 
a bucketful of warm water with a pint of linseed meal, 
or a quart of middlings in it so soon as they have calved 
and eaten the placenta—or before they eat the latter 
if I know of their calving in time to do so—milk them 
clean at night after the calf has sucked, give them a 
handful of hay ; that's the first day ; let the calves stay 
with the cows for three days, and that’s about the 
whole story. 
Isn’t that simple enough ? It’s simply scientific and 
