6 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Jan. 7 
Something For Fair Managers. 
P. H. Jacobs, Hammonton, N. J. —When 
will fair managers recognize the fact that 
the poultry industry is as great as the 
cattle ! They place the poultry in any 
kind of old ricketty buildings, give no 
premiums worth the time taken to coop 
the birds, and really treat the latter as 
pets. This is not confined to the little 
county fairs. Here are the offers for 
this season of the great St. Louis Fair, 
one of the largest in the country: 
Pet Dog.$12.00 
Tiger Cat. 4 00 
Best Cat. 5.00 
Collection White Bats. 3.00 
Collection White Mice. 3.00 
Best dozen carrots. 5 00 
Largest beet. 2.00 
Best pair fowls. 4.00 
The above is taken from the premium 
list, and shows exactly the value placed 
upon poultry by fair managers. A pair 
of fowls do not receive as much as the 
best cat, nor are they valued as highly as 
a dozen carrots. To encourage pet dogs, 
cats, and even rats and mice, while al¬ 
most ignoring poultry, is not unusual. 
A poultry exhibitor must pay double 
express charges, properly coop his birds, 
feed them, and take the risk of loss on 
the journey, but a dozen carrots can be 
sent with almost no risk or charges. At 
most shows $1 is considered a sufficient 
prize for a pair of fowls, and they must 
be judged by the standard. 
The premium list at St. Louis stipu¬ 
lated that ducks and geese must be ex¬ 
hibited outside the building. The result 
was that some of them died. Yet these 
gentlemen are instructors to teach better 
methods. 
Too Much “ Woman’s Work.” 
A. W. S., Americus, Ga.—“Y ou big 
men, boasting about your big perform¬ 
ances, which of you can equal this?” 
Mrs. E. E. White does not state the 
weight of her loaves of bread, pies, cakes, 
brown bread, crackers, etc., but estimat¬ 
ing the loaves of bread at two pounds 
each, the pies at one pound, the chickens 
at 2)4 pounds, the barrel of crackers 1(X) 
pounds, the apples at 600 pounds, the 
cakes at two pounds each, the eggs at 
one pound to a dozen, the strawberries at 
one pound to a quart, the potatoes at 2,800 
pounds, with pork, beef, butter and pre¬ 
serves, the man, wife, six children and 
hired man ate 8,109 pounds or 901 pounds 
each, of substantials, other than “ vege¬ 
tables of all kinds in abundance” during 
the year; leaving biscuits, corn-bread, 
pancakes, 500 cookies and 800 doughnuts 
to be nibbled on between times, to say 
nothing of the sugar, tea, coffee and 
gasoline consumed, which would cause 
me to infer that they had very healthy 
appetites, even if “ five of the children 
were sick for six weeks at one time.” 
Some of my friends have preached “ the 
poorbouse” to me for years, because of 
our excessive consumption of food prod¬ 
ucts, but neither I, nor any member of 
my family, much less my family as a 
whole, can equal such feats of gas¬ 
tronomy as here indicated. 
To accomplish the amount of work 
called for, and to have the time con¬ 
sumed by the items enumerated, it would 
look as if each day would have to be 56 
in place of 48 hours long, and I know 
that no two women, either white or 
black, in all this country could begin to 
accomplish the task laid out. As for us 
“big men,” a few, very few of us, if 
“circuit riders,” might if relieved of 
other labors, possibly succeed in worry¬ 
ing down the daily rations, but even the 
greatest gourmand among us, would 
be, oh ! so weary ! ere the year expired. 
I say poor, poor children who had to 
undertake so herculean a task as the con¬ 
sumption of their portions; and myilieart 
swells with pity for the wife and mother, 
who must have labored as no slave in 
this section was ever allowed, much less 
called upon to do. With pity for the 
wife and mother, rises indignation for a 
husband who would allow, much less call 
upon, the one whom he had promised 
“ to love and cherish,” to so “ labor with¬ 
out ceasing.” 
Samples and Comments. 
And now we have a new mushroom of 
special value—one that will do its best 
in summer, thriving better in full light 
than in shade. The trouble with the 
ordinary species (Agaricuscampestris) is 
not that it may be grown in summer, but 
that it becomes infested with maggots. 
Mr. F. Iloalon, a New York suburban gar¬ 
dener, supplied the market last summer 
with, on an average, 35 pounds of fresh 
mushrooms a day. These new mush¬ 
rooms, as we learn through Gardening, 
were larger and heavier than those of 
the old sort and produced in far greater 
abundance. He had an absolute monop¬ 
oly of our New York market. He had 
a contract with Delmonico for 18 pounds 
a day, at 90 cents a pound, and he dis¬ 
posed of the rest to a commission agent 
in the market for 80 cents a pound the 
whole season through. But he was not 
able to supply the demand. “ I used to 
make B10 a day peddling vegetables, he 
said, but now I am making $30 a day 
selling mushrooms.” He claims that from 
the time of spawning to that of the first 
gathering, it is but four weeks. This 
mushroom on account of its large size 
and weight, easiness to grow, and great 
abundance as a cropper and adaptability 
for cultivation in summer seems likely 
to revolutionize things in the mushroom 
business. It is not free from the attacks 
of insects, however, for the old mush¬ 
rooms become maggoty very soon ; in 
the case of the young ones, though, they 
come up and develop so quickly that the 
eggs haven’t time to hatch out before the 
mushrooms are gathered and disposed of. 
Some of our friends seem diposed to 
compare the Green Mountain and Col- 
erain grapes. Both are early, it is true ; 
both are of a greenish-white color. But 
there all comparison ends. The vines 
differ in vigor, the berries in shape, size 
and quality. Green Mountain is of pure 
flavor : Colerain is as foxy as Concord. 
We are told, says the Popular Science 
Monthy, by high political authorities 
that high wages are a necessary conse¬ 
quence of high protection, while free 
trade produces low 7 wages. In the United 
States, a protected country, wages are 
higher than in free-trade England ! The 
free-trader naturally asks w 7 hy the pro¬ 
tectionist confines his instances to just 
these two countries. If inductive rea¬ 
soning is to be applied, w 7 hy not collect 
every possible instance ? The results 
would be as follows : Russia, Germany, 
Austria, France, Spain and Italy are all 
“protected” countries — some highly 
“protected.” Wages in each of these 
are far lower than in Great Britain. 
Again, in the free-trade colony of New 
South Wales wages have been, and are 
still, higher than in this country, and in 
parts of Africa where no tariff exists 
wages are extremely high. On the other 
band, in China, where “protection” has 
existed longer than in any other coun¬ 
try, and where it has reached its highest 
stage of consistency, wages are lower 
than anyw r here else on the face of the 
globe. 
Political economy is a mixed, empiri¬ 
cal affair. It has little claim to be called 
a science at all. Here is a man whose 
motive power is love of money, who 
shrinks from nothing, dares all, endures 
all, to satisfy this passion. There is one 
whose sympathies are strong, who spends 
and is spent for others, philanthropically. 
Another is driven by conceit, by love of 
fame ; another by fine clothes, and an¬ 
other by love of power, another sacri¬ 
fices all for knowledge, and so on. All 
these and thousands of other types, pos¬ 
sessing not one, but many passions in 
varied amounts, and probably no two 
individuals identical, go to make up the 
unit which w T e call society. And then 
we divide them into laborers and capi¬ 
talists, and prescribe hard and fast rules 
by which we assume the conduct of each 
class is controlled, and on these assump¬ 
tions we build a science! Such is the 
scence of political economy ! 
Representative Butler, of Iowa, has 
introduced in the House a bill to estab¬ 
lish the national floral emblem of the 
United States. The bill names the pansy, 
as the national floral emblem. The sen¬ 
timent expressed in connection with this 
emblem is to be “ Justice, liberty, union, 
culture and peace,” the last three words 
to constitute the motto. The inaugur¬ 
ation of the emblem is to be fittingly cele¬ 
brated on May 7 1, 1893, in connection with 
the opening of the World’s Fair 
The pansy is a charming flower and 
well suited for a national emblem except 
that it is not a native of our country. The 
R. N.-Y. would prefer Red Clover with 
four leaves as a background. It is not a 
native of America, it is true, but it may 
be that more four-leaved specimens grow 
here than anywhere abroad. Mightn't a 
four-leaved variety be established by 
persistent selection—a trifolium pra- 
tense quadrifolium ? 
Speaking of the Channel Islands, Pres 
Goodell says that although noted for 
cattle there are no large herds, as they 
are kept in bunches of from two to sis 
by the farmers on their small holdings. 
Cattle remain out from May to October, 
and after that are housed at night. When 
at pasture they are not allowed to roam 
and are tethered, and the stake is moved 
18 inches three times a day in a line 
parallel with the side of the field. The 
cattle are cared for by the women and as 
a result are gentle and docile. The most 
(Continued on next page.) 
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