126 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Feb. 25 
The Fanners’ Club. 
(Continued.) 
necessary. In that case the meal may 
prove the cheapest source of fertility, 
but it is a stock food, and where chemi¬ 
cals can be obtained at a reasonable price 
we should always feed it to animals. In 
that way almost all the fertility will be 
retained as manure while the animal will 
make profitable use of the fats and car¬ 
bohydrates which are of no value on the 
manure pile. 2 . An average of 189 analy¬ 
ses at the Massachusetts Station gave 5 % 
per cent of potash and 1 % per cent of 
phosphoric acid, varying all the way 
from 10 % to 2 % per cent of potash, and 
from five to one-half of one per cent of 
phosphoric acid. To make a standard 
fertilizer you must add some phosphoric 
acid as well as nitrogen to the ashes. 
Prof. Johnson has shown that a substi¬ 
tute for ashes containing lime, bone and 
muriate of potash can be made for less 
money than the price of the ashes with 
the advantage that you know just what 
the mixture contains. 3. Retail prices 
in New York are, sulphate of ammonia 
3% cents a pound, sulphate of potash $54 
per ton, muriate $45. 4. For potatoes, 
sugar beets and tobacco the sulphate is 
preferred. The muriate contains con¬ 
siderable chlorine which interferes with 
the formation of starch and sugar, and 
injures the burning quality of tobacco. 
For corn, fruit or similar crops the 
muriate answers as well. 5. We gave 
the values on that page. The stems con¬ 
tain from 1% to 2 per cent of magDesia. 
Magnesia is necessary to the growth of 
all plants, but it abounds in all soils and 
there is little need of making a special 
application of it in the form of kainit or 
sulphate of magnesia. Wood ashes con¬ 
tain over three per cent of magnesia, 
stable manure half as much magnesia as 
potash or phosphoric acid, and fresh hen 
manure, more magnesia than of either 
the other substances. All the potash 
salts contain magnesia from half of one 
per cent in the muriate to 10 per cent in 
kainit. It is therefore impossible to 
apply either manure or fertilizers with¬ 
out putting magnesia in the soil, and if 
on a few soils more should be needed a 
dressing of kainit would amply supply 
both that substance and potash. 
Nitrate for Strawberries; How Used? 
J. T. A., Sharptown. Md. —Must nitrate 
of soda be mixed with earth or fertilizer 
to top dress strawberries? How much 
should be used per acre ? For the same 
purpose would a fertilizer be as good or as 
cheap, showing a guaranteed analysis of 
ammonia 10 to 12 percent; available phos¬ 
phoric acid 8.50 to 10 per cent; insoluble 
phosphoric acid 2 to 3 per cent; potash 
(actual) 3 to 4 per cent ? 
Ans. —If nitrate of soda be sown upon 
strawberry plants it will discolor the 
leaves wherever it touches th^m, and 
also injure the stems. It would be bet¬ 
ter to mix it with two or three parts of 
soil; 200 pounds to the acre would be a 
maximum quantity The fertilizer men¬ 
tioned is too high in ammonia and some¬ 
what too low in potash. 
Apples to Outlive Peaehes. 
W. S. L., Deckertown, N. J. —I am going 
to set out 10 acres to peaches next spring 
on a steep hill-side with a southern ex¬ 
posure, soil a gravelly loam or clay which 
does not wash, early and warm, good 
corn and grain land, free from stone ex¬ 
cept some the size of one's fist, etc. Now, 
on the theory that the peaches will not 
last more than 10 or 12 years, I wish 
to make it a permanent orchard of some 
kind, as the land is too steep for culti¬ 
vated crops. If I should set apples, what 
kinds would be best for profit—two kinds 
in 300 trees ? Baldwins don’t seem to do 
well here, as they rot. For profit, how 7 
would the Japan or native chestnuts com¬ 
pare with each other and with the apple ? 
Which would be the better harrow to cul¬ 
tivate the ground with after plowing, 
Clark’s Cutaway or the Acme ? 
Ans. —We would recommend you to set 
your apple trees about 40 feet apart with 
two rows of peach trees between each 
two of apple trees, which would make 
them 13% feet apart. If desirous of hav¬ 
ing a little more room, the apple trees 
may be extended to 45 feet, and it is the 
opinion of some of our best orchardists 
that thisdsnone too wide apart. It is hard 
to recommend apples for any given 
locality. For a fall apple there is, per¬ 
haps, nothing better or more profitable 
than the Gravenstein. For winter apples, 
you might select from Peck’s Pleasant, 
Canada Reinette, Sutton’s Beauty, Wag- 
ener, and Northern Spy, if it flourishes 
there. All of these are productive, of 
high quality and first-class market fruits. 
We think the apples well cared for would 
be more profitable than the chestnuts. 
We should prefer the Acme after plow¬ 
ing. 
Some Nuts to Hammer at. 
W. H., (No address.) —1. Why do beets 
and carrots sometimes throw up seed 
stalks the first season from seed ? 2. Is 
there any prospect that the potato and 
tomato will by cultivation become as 
seedless as the banana ? 3. Is the straw¬ 
berry properly a fruit ? 
Ans. — 1 . Because a hot season and little 
rainfall may serve to change their nature 
from biennials to annuals. 2 . Yes, the 
potato is fast becoming a fruitless plant. 
As we cultivate it for its tubers, so do we 
decrease its power of producing fruit. 
There is no danger, however, that the 
tomato will fail to produce fruit and 
seeds. It is true that we are saving speci¬ 
mens which contain the fewest and small¬ 
est seeds. It is doubtful if we shall ever 
succeed in producing an absolutely seed¬ 
less variety. 3. Yes, the strawberry is 
a fruit; that is to say, the pulp or edible 
portion of the berry is the receptacle of 
the fruit which we call the seeds. It is 
just as much a fruit as an apple or a pear. 
When to Sow Scarlet Clover. 
S. D., Hagerstown, Md. —What is the 
best time to sow Scarlet clover for hay 
and pasture, and how should the soil be 
cultivated and what quantity of seed 
should be sown to the acre ? 
Ans. —The best time to sow Scarlet 
clover for hay and pasture, in your sec¬ 
tion, is from July 15 to Angust 15. You 
can sow it in corn, right after the last 
working of that crop, following imme¬ 
diately after sowing with a spike-tooth 
cultivator. If it does not suit your rota¬ 
tion to sow in corn, and you desire to 
sow a field by itself, flush, and put your 
land in nice condition with any kind of 
a drag, and sow about August 1 , as there 
is generally more or less rain at that 
date. For hay, sow 15 pounds, and for 
pasture 12 pounds of seed—harvested the 
same year—to the acre. ,r. w. kerb. 
Mare Hurt Bv Speeding:. 
S. L. R., Williamsburg, Md. —1. My 
young mare went lame last August while 
speeding on the track. Two hard lumps 
appeared on the pastern-joint of her left 
hind leg, one on each side. She was very 
lame and could not be driven out of a 
walk. I blistered her four times and the 
swelling subsided about one-half. She 
gradually improved and shows no lame¬ 
ness on being driven until she is stopped 
and started again when she will limp 
about one half mile and gradually warm 
out of it. What will effect a permanent 
cure? She has not improved any in the 
last two months. Would speeding be 
apt to bring on a recurrence of the 
trouble? 2. What will cure bone spavin? 
Ans. —1. If the lumps are bony, of the 
nature of a ringbone, firing would prob¬ 
ably give the most satisfactory result. 
But such firing should be undertaken 
only by a competent veterinary surgeoD. 
Without making a personal examination, 
I could not give an opinion as to the pos¬ 
sibility of effecting a cure. Speeding 
would be very liable, to cause a recur¬ 
rence of the trouble, if driven too soon 
after recovery. At least several months 
should elapse, before training or speed- 
(Continued on next page.) 
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