1893 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
511 
Farmers* Club Discussion. 
Continued. 
Cooling: with a Cloth. 
H. D. T., Phillipsburg, N. J.—Though 
I am afraid the following plan will not 
be of service to “B. L., Fort Smith, Ark.,” 
on account of the difference in climate, 
it or some modification of it may be use¬ 
ful. A gentleman residing at Kaipara, 
Auckland, New Zealand, built a low shed, 
with a comparatively flat roof, which he 
covered with a thick coating of sods as 
for a lawn. Winter there is a rainy sea¬ 
son, snow is unknown and frost almost 
so. During the hot summer the roof was 
daily sprinkled from a tank or barrel, 
the windo a s were replaced by screens of 
cheese cloth ; from a coal oil can placed 
above each window a strip of cloth 
siphoned the water to the screen, a simi¬ 
lar strip conducting any surplus to a can 
beneath. The waste of water was very 
small, and the air passing through the 
moisture-laden screens was cooled and 
purified. A similar system prevails on 
the Indian railways for cooling the air 
by passing it through damp mats. 
Down with the Mosquitoes. 
G. A. McB., Lakewood, N. J.—In the 
good old Book we read of plagues, but 
was there ever anything of the kind, old 
or modern, to equal a plague of mosqui¬ 
toes that we are now suffering under in 
New Jersey ? The Egyptians’ affliction 
was for their perverseness; ours comes 
from carelessness, laziness and indiffer¬ 
ence. Cannot we wake up to our folly, 
and not wait for nine or more plagues to 
overtake us ? Cannot we see those miry, 
sluggish swamp ponds and frog holes, 
pestilence breeders, all over the land 
that need draining not only for the an¬ 
nihilation of mosquitoes, but for the sake 
of our own health and happiness ? The 
improvement of the land would, in the 
majority of cases, pay for the whole job. 
Then think of the enhancement of the 
value of property in every nook and vil¬ 
lage all through this and adjoining 
States. Why shout the expense of such 
a scheme ? I admit it would cost some¬ 
thing, but would it not pay in the long 
run ? Just think of the millions in River 
and Harbor Bills and the large sums 
voted by our States for many a sheer 
job, and then think of the importance of 
this. Would not an appropriation for 
drainage here be at least as advantageous 
as many of them ? 
Canadian Cream Separators. 
H. H. Dean, Professor of Dairying, 
Ontario Agricultural College. —I in¬ 
close an outline of the method adopted 
by our butter-maker, Mr. Rogers, for 
cleaning the bowl of the separator. I 
requested him to write out in his own 
words just how he did it. We have found 
that it is not a good practice to allow the 
cream to become sour before mixing. 
The Rural’s correspondent should get 
the coldest water he can, in the absence 
of ice, and change it frequently until he 
gets the cream at the desired tempera¬ 
ture. If he churns but two or three times 
a week, the cream should be cooled to 45 
or 50 degrees as soon as separated, and 
be kept at that temperature until enough 
is collected for a churning, when it should 
be warmed to a ripening temperature, 
which will be ftom 60 to 65 degrees. A 
“starter” maybe used if it does not ripen 
in 24 hours. Here is our butter-maker’s 
statement: 
After the whole milk is all run through, 
I follow with two or three gallons of skim- 
milk and then some warm water. Then 
I empty the bowl and fill with the latter, 
and next I wash it out with a brush, 
using some washing soda, making sure 
to remove all dirt from the outside. Then 
I rinse out with hot water, and after¬ 
wards fill with boiling water and allow 
it to remain for 10 or 15 minutes, then 
empty and turn the bowl upside down 
for a few minutes to drip, then turn it 
right side up and let the inside get all 
the fresh air possible. 
The following notes on “ Care of 
Cream ” are taken from a circular dis¬ 
tributed by the Ontario College : 
The cream should be kept sweet until 24 hours be¬ 
fore churning by keeping It cool either in the 
Creamer box or in a cool cellar. Get a cream vessel 
(tin Is preferable) large enough to hold the cream 
for a whole churning. If there is n A sufficient for a 
churning from one skimming, stir the cream thor¬ 
oughly at every addition of fresh cream. 
In summer warm the cream to 63 or 66 degrees 24 
hours before you wish to cnurn, and It will be about 
the right degree of sourness or ripeness In that 
time, but, as soon as It becomes slightly thickened 
and sour, churn It. It Is not advisable to allow the 
cream to become warmer than 63 degrees in warm 
weather. In winter tne ripening temperature will 
be from 64 to 70 degrees. In case the cream does not 
sour properly In 24 hours, it Is a good plan to add a 
small quantity (about two per cent) of sour milk or 
sour cream to act as a starter. 
All changes In cream should be effected gradually. 
Never add hot or very cold water directly to the 
cream to warm or cool It. To effect this, set the cream 
vessel In another vessel containing warm or cold 
water, and stir the cream all the time It Is being 
warmed or cooled. Do not allow the milk or cream 
to freeze. If the butter is white, a small amount of 
good butter color may be added to the cream just 
before commencing to churn. 
Probably the following chemical fer¬ 
tilize will as nearly answer the needs of 
winter wheat as any other. If a farmer 
knows from experiment what plant food 
his soil is deficient in or well supplied 
with, he can buy his chemicals accord¬ 
ingly. If, however, he doesn’t know, 
then the best thing he can do is to pro¬ 
ceed upon the basis of what the crop it¬ 
self needs. To prescribe a formula for 
wheat, grass, or any crop whatever is 
to assume that all land is the same and 
needs the same food : 
Percent. 
Nitrogen.4.5 
Phosphoric acid.. .7.0 
Potash.6.0 
Such a fertilizer ought not to cost over 
$28 per ton. This assumes that fine raw 
bone (no acid phosphate) is used and 
muriate of potash. Sulphate costs one 
cent a pound more. 
Loudon, readers, is, in the estimation 
of The R. N.-Y., the coming red rasp¬ 
berry. More anon. 
It may now (July 15) be said for the 
first time that the trench potato vines 
have overtaken the drill or furrow vines 
in thrift and size. Several of the former 
are still behind, but all have a deeper 
green color, which is a significant fact. 
Have any of the stations tried the 
Golden Alaska raspberry? If so, what 
older variety does it closely resemble ? 
Owing to the lateness of the season, 
sweet corn was not planted until April 
24. So long a cold spell followed that 
much of the seed rotted in the soil. The 
variety was Burpee’s First of All. The 
first boiling ears were gathered July 14 
—80 days. It is a small-eared, eight- 
rowed variety with a white cob. 
Dr. Jabez Fisher now advises only 
half an ounce of sulphate of copper to 
100 gallons for spraying on potato plants 
and grapes and one-quarter ounce for 
fruit trees in general. 
The design of every farmer should be 
to have his asparagus last until peas come 
into bearing, and the peas to last until 
green corn is ready, the green corn to 
last until frost, of course. The aspara¬ 
gus, peas and corn are the chief vege¬ 
tables of the entire season. Radishes, 
early onions, little beets, early string 
beans, etc., may be raised in quantity to 
suit each individual. 
This year our main crop of peas came 
from Mott’s Excelsior and Heroine, and 
we have never been better pleased. The 
first in our soil is the prince of the dwarf 
wrinkled, so far ahead of Little Gem and 
American Wonder that we could not 
afford to plant either were the seed pre¬ 
sented us. Heroine is about perfect in 
every way as an intermediate and 
(planted later) as a late pea. In the field 
it does not need brush. The vines are 
prolific, the pods large and the seeds 
large and of the choicest quality. Hero¬ 
ine is the pea for home use. For market, 
it has objections, the color of the pod 
being the most prominent. 
It is well known that goodly sized 
green tomatoes plucked in the fall as 
frosts threaten, will soon ripen if placed 
under cover. How would it pay to pick 
the entire crop of green tomatoes and 
place it in cold storage ? 
This is the first year we have had 02- 
casion to speak a good word for our old 
friend Lucretia. The vines are loaded 
and the berries ripening freely to-day 
(July 12;, while only three or four of the 
hardiest varieties of standard blackber¬ 
ries will bear any fruit at all ; the Lucre¬ 
tia berries are many of them IK inch in 
length. The quality of some is excjllent 
and of others very insipid, depending 
upon the stage of ripeness, tout it is not 
easy to pick out those of just the right 
degree of ripeness. 
Direct. 
- Garden and Forest; “Few of the 
plants at the World’s Fair are labeled 
so that persons unfamiliar with them 
can ascertain what they are, and much 
of the educational value of the fair is 
lost.” 
-Emerson s Compensation : “Our 
strength grows out of our weakness. 
The indignation which arms itself with 
secret forces does not awaken until we 
are pricked and stung and sorely assailed 
A great man is always willing to be 
little. Wiiilst he sits on the cushion of 
advantages, he goes to sleep. When he 
is pushed, tormented, defeated, he has a 
chance to learn something : he has been 
put on His wits, on his manhood : he has 
gained facts : learns his ignorance : is 
cured of the insanity of conceit: has got 
moderation and real skill. The wise 
man throws himself on the side of his 
assailants. It is more his interest than 
it is theirs to find his weak point. The 
wound cicatrizes and falls off from him 
like dead skin, and when :hey would 
triumph, lo ! he has passed on invulner¬ 
able.” 
-Harper’s Weekly : “ No man need 
fear that he is wronging the world by 
the honest getting of wealth. He may 
seriously questicn how far he helps or 
hurts his own nature by the use he makes 
of it.” 
- Michelet : “No consecrated absurd¬ 
ity would have stood its ground in this 
world if the man had not silenced the 
objection of the child.” 
-New York Times : “ The true use¬ 
fulness of the skuuk is fast becoming 
understood. It is in the young corn that 
it may be learned. When this quiet ani¬ 
mal, intent upon business and the pur¬ 
suit of cutworms, comes out in the gloam¬ 
ing, when the sun sinks low and the 
injurious worms begin to feed and cut 
the corn, the skunk, holding his head 
down to the ground, walks slowly, listen¬ 
ing intently at each plant, and, hearing 
the movements of the worm, he digs it 
out with his snout and quickly swallows 
it. Although a first-quality skunk’s skin 
is worth more than a dollar, it will not 
pay a farmer to take it These ani¬ 
mals are worth more money alive.” 
-Life: “When you find an adult 
Western man who doesn’t speak broken 
English, the chances are that if you 
scratch him deep enough New England 
blood will flow.” 
p;i0aUatW0tt0 mvjertisJittg. 
If you name The Rural New-Yorker to our 
advertisers, you may be pretty sure of prompt 
replies and right treatment 
THE WAY OUT 
of woman’s troubles is 
with Doctor Pierce’s 
Favorite Prescription. 
Safely and certainly, ev¬ 
ery delicate weakness, 
derangement, and dis¬ 
ease peculiar to the sex 
is permanently cured. 
Out of all the medi¬ 
cines for women, the 
“Favorite Prescription” 
is the only one that’s 
guaranteed to do what is 
claimed for it. In all 
“female complaints’ 1 
and irregularities, peri¬ 
odical pains, displace¬ 
ments, internal inflam¬ 
mation or ulceration, bearing-down 
sensations and kindred ailments, if it 
ever fails to benefit or cure, you have 
your money back. 
So certain to cure every case of Catarrh ia 
Dr. Sage’s Catarrh Remedy that its proprie¬ 
tors make you this offer: “If you canH be 
cured, permanently, we’ll pay you $500 cash." 
STRAWBERRIES. 
Have you eaten berries picked fresli from your own 
plants In your own garden .' If not, you don't know 
the possibilities of this berry. Try some of our se¬ 
lected varieties for family use. Some of them don't 
produce so heavily or ship so well as the market 
sorts, but you will enjoy them more If for your 
own eating. We have the market sorts also. 
Pot=Gro\vn Plants 
as shown In the cut are much the best. The roots 
are all there—and good roots too. You can t lift 
plants from the open ground without losing some 
of the fine white working roots. Such plants will 
grow—but not like the pot-grown plants where 
every root Is saved. 
Plant in July and August 
to get the best results. Our handsome catalogue, 
with latest Information as to varieties and culture 
free. Ready now. 
Ellwanger & Barry, 
Mt. Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. 
SCHOOL OF SOCIAL ECONOMICS. 
Young men and women prepared for business, pro¬ 
fessional studies and citizenship. 
Economics. Civics, Politics, History, Liter¬ 
ature, Rhetoric, Book-keeping, Mathe¬ 
matics, Sciences, Languages, etc. 
Fee $100 per year. Send for circular. 
GEO. (ll)M’(IN, President, 
34 Union Square. N.Y. 
WOOD ASHES. 
FOB FERTILIZING PURPOSES. 
The Michigan Agricultural College values Hard 
Wood Ashes worth $20.00 per ton. Soft Wood 
$16.80 per ton, and Leached Ashes $10.40 per ton. 
Write for carload prices at your Railroad Stations. 
We also manufacture Potash Salt and Pure 
Bone Fertilizers. 
FITCH FERTILIZER WORKS, 
238 North Madison Ave, Bay City, Mich. 
FRUIT EVAPORATOR. 
«TI|r P D I U PCD”*' °r family use. Cheapest in the 
Hit UliANUtn market. $3.50, $6 and $10. Clrc. 
EASTERN MFG. CO., 257 S. 5th 8t., Phila., Pa 
FRUIT 
Different size* and 
THE BLYMYEU 
EVAPORATOR 
THE ZIMMERMAN 
The Standard Machine 
prices. Illustrated Catalogue free. 
IRON WORKS CO, Cincinnati, O. 
ENGINES. JVLL. 
Threshing Machines. 
Best Machinery at Lowest Pricks. 
A. B. FARQUHAR C0. s York, Pa. 
BY A. A. CltOZlKK. 
A collection of errors and superstitions entertained 
by farmers, gardeners and others, together with 
brief sclentltlc refutations. Highly 1 terestlng to 
students nd intelligent readers of the new and at¬ 
tractive In rural literature, and of real value to 
practical cultivators who want to know the truth 
about their work, i rice $1, reduced to 75 cents. 
THE NURSERY BOOK. 
By L. H. Bailey, assisted by several of the most 
skillful propagators in the world. In fact, it is a 
careful compendium of the best practice in all 
countries. It contains 107 illustrations, showing 
methods, processes and appliances. How to propa¬ 
gate over 2,000 varieties of shrubs, trees and her¬ 
baceous or soft-stemmed plants; the process for 
each being fully described. All this and much more 
is fully told in The Nursery Book. 
Over 300 pages, i6mo. Price, cloth, $1. Pocket 
style, paper, narrow margins, 50 cents. 
THE RURAL PUBLISHING CO., 
Cor, Pearl and Chambers Sts., New York. 
