5i6 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 29 
WE WANT TO KNOW, YOU KNOW ! 
If you don’t see what you want , ask for it. 
Evaporating Vegetables.— Wbat is tbe pro¬ 
cess tor drying or evaporating sweet corn and some 
vegetables, as, for Instance, green beans, peas, etc. ? 
Fruit and the like, I understand, need only paring 
and cleaning. It Is said pumpkins and squashes mar 
be evaporated for winter use. Is that so ? h. c. 
Ans—I n The H. N.-T. of May 13, an article on 
evaporating vegetables was published In the Woman 
and Home Department. This will give just the In¬ 
formation needed, and will be mailed to any one on 
receipt of the i rice. Tbe article mentioned treats of 
the evaporation of all the vegetables mentl ned. 
Bordeaux Mixture Again —On page 436 are 
given directions for Bordeaux Mixture. Is It meant 
that a quarter of a pound each of copper and lime Is 
enough for 59 gallons of water? E. w. B. 
Ans.—T he formula as published says distinctly: 
“One quarter pound each of copper sulphate and 
lime to each gallon of water.” Isn’t this plain ? Fifty 
gallons of water wo Id require 50 times that amount, 
or 12ttf pounds of each. Twenty-live gallons of water 
would require 15 times that amount, or 6% pounds 
of each. This mixture has been found pretty strong, 
however, for some tender plants, and It Is better to 
experiment with a weaker one, like the one given by 
The R. N.-Y.: one ounce of copper sulphate, and 
from three-quarters to one ounce of lime to each 
gallon. 
Canning Corn.—How should green corn be put 
up in cans? How Is it done In the canning factories? 
Missouri. H. w. 
Ans —Directions for the process as it may be done 
In the kitchen will be given within a week or two in 
tbe Woman and Home Department. TTIe description 
of the process as done In the canning factories would 
be of no practical value. It requires expensive spec¬ 
ial machinery, and a thorough practical knowledge 
of the Intricate processes in order to succeed. It Is 
as much a manufacturing business as that of making 
cloth, boots and shoes, or any other goods requiring 
expensive machinery and special knowledge. Many 
of the old canners claim that there is little money 
In the business, and it would be foolish for any one 
unfamiliar with the methods to underiake it with 
any expectation of making it a success. It is a much 
more difficult process than evaporating, which may 
be easily learned. 
Paint for Blackboards.— What is a recipe for 
coloring and finishing a blackboard for school ? 
h. s. 8. 
Ans.—O ne formula for paint for a wooden black¬ 
board is as follows: For one gallon of paint take 10 
ounces of pulverized pumice stone, six ounces of 
pulverized rotten stone, 12 ou ices of lampblack, and 
mix with alcohol enough to make a thick paste. 
Grind the mixture thoroughly, and then dissolve 14 
ounces of shellac in the remainder of the gallon of 
alcohol. Stir the whole together and the paint is 
ready for use. The best blackboards are those made 
upon the plastered walls. A black plaster may be 
made for this purpose, or a board may be made 
upon a wall already plastered. All whitewash 
should be sand-papered off, and all holes filled with 
plaster-of-Parls. Then use a paint made as follows: 
Soak 1-J^ pound of unbleached gum shellac In one 
gallon of pure alcohol until it is thoroughly cut. To 
two gallons of alcohol add one pound of lampblack 
and one pound of flour of emery, and mix thoroughly. 
Put the two mixtures together, stir them thoroughly, 
and also frequently while using. The paint should 
be of the consistency of thin varnish. If too thick, 
thin with alcohol ; if too thin, thicken with lamp¬ 
black. Apply with a large, flat paint brush, enough 
coats to make a good surface. Of course a larger or 
smaller quantity may be made by using the same 
proportions. 
Trouble With the Hens.—I had this spring 123 
hens; they have dwindled down to about 90 from 
some disease tnat first attacks the feet, swelling 
them so that the hens become lame, snd at last a 
film forms over the eye. Sometimes both eyes are 
affected. In very bad cases, when the bill Is opened 
the mouth is found to be full of stale saliva What 
Is the cause of the trouble and what can be done for 
them? mbs. G. A. 
Fort Hamilton, N. Y. 
Ans.— Not enough particulars are given to enable 
us to do more than guess at tbe trouble. We should 
surmise that the swelling of the feet had nothing to 
do with the trouble with the eyes and mouth, the 
latter being undoubtedly roup. If the swelling is on 
the balls of the feet, it is bumble foot, a complaint 
usually caused by the fowls flying down from high 
perches, and being, In Its nature, something like a 
stone bruise with which barefoot boys are sometimes 
afflicted. The best remedy for bumble foot is pre¬ 
vention by means of low roosts. For remedies for 
roup see this department in issue of July 15. It 
would be well to give your flock clean, new quarters, 
or to thoroughly clean and disinfect with whitewash 
and kerosene oil the old house. If you have them 
all In one flock separate Into smaller flocks. Fifty are 
as many as should ever be kept In one flock for the 
best results: 25 would be better. 
Squash Vines Dying.— Our squash vines are 
dying of a green louse at the root. Can The Rural 
suggest any remedy ? 
ANS —The lice probably have little or nothing to 
do with the death of the vines. This is most likely 
caused by the squash-vine borer, which eats out the 
Inner substance of the stalks near the root. The 
eggs are deposited upon the stems of the young 
plants near the surface of the ground, and when 
the larva? are hatched, they at once burrow Into the 
interior. They remain for several weeks, becoming 
full-grown, about an inch In length, towards the end 
of summer, when they leave the stalks and form 
cocoons In the soil, where they remain during win¬ 
ter. The usual remedy is to cut them out of the 
stalks as soon as their presence Is detected. It is 
also a good plan to cover over the stalks at different 
distances from tbe root, when they will form new 
roots and comlnue to grow, even though entirely 
severed at the base. 
[The following was received after the above was 
in type. Eds.] 
The borer has not yet attacked our squash vines, 
the best of them being about ready to run. Cold 
rains soon after planting seemed to weaken the 
stands, and then we had a hard fight to get them 
past the striped bugs. The lice complained of are 
at the roots, and the plants just wither away. In 
1891 we lost a good many pumpkin vines In the same 
way. We are obliged to load our vines with earth to 
prevent their being blown all around the field, re¬ 
gardless of the borer. The plan mentioned on page 
19 of The Rural— the planting of early vines as 
baits—seems to me the most plausible, but. though 
I remembered it last winter, it slipped my memory 
until I looked it up from the index last week. The 
lice appear to have about completed their work for 
this season. E. L. s. 
8praylng with Paris-green or with the kerosene 
emulsion would probably settle the lice. Has our 
correspondent tried this ? 
CROP AND MARKET NOTES. 
Export cattle are In demand. 
The Ohio hay crop Is reported to be enormous. 
Stocks of evaporated small fruits are very light. 
The general prospect is good for the tobacco crop. 
Much Canadian hay Is being shipped from this 
port. 
Beach plums from Maryland and Delaware are In 
market. 
The first State celery of the season arrived during 
the week. 
The midge Is Injuring the clover seed crop In some 
loca itles. 
Reports from Germany Indicate continued distress 
from drought. 
Demand light for dried fruits, market dull, prices 
merely nominal. 
Some very fine green peas from western New York 
have been offered. 
The best peaches are now coming from Georgia 
and the Carollnas. 
Hay in Great Britain sells for $35 to $50 per ton, 
according to quality. 
The prospect for the Canada apple crop Is slightly 
below that of last year. 
The hot weather has greatly reduced the ship¬ 
ments of dressed calves 
The Savannah steamer brought 55 car-loads of 
water-melons on one trip. 
.There was a glut of small-sized Western and South¬ 
ern chickens during the week. 
The Indiana wheat crop Is reported the best, both 
as to yield and quality, in years. 
The Texas cor i and cotton crops have been badly 
Injured by droughts and Insects. 
Hay having been listed on the New York Slock Ex¬ 
change, It may be speculated In now. 
A company has been formel in Cincinnati for the 
purpose of baling hay for shipment to France. 
Hackensack corn made Its appearance In market 
July 17, and sold for about $1 75 per 100 e rs. 
The 8outh Carolina and eastern North Carolina 
tobacco crops are about ready for the first cutting. 
A change In the classification of some kinds of Im¬ 
ported wools, will largely lower the duties on these 
grades. 
The cotton of India is said to be short In staple, 
weak, and not likely te be much of a competitor to 
our product. 
The coffee raisers of Central America declare that 
Arabia, Java and Ceylon will not raise the fine coffees 
of the future. 
Canadian hay Is said to sell for more than that from 
the States, on account of the extra care taken In 
preparing it for market. 
The few peaches arriving from Maryland and Del¬ 
aware are mostly of poor quality and might better 
have been kept at home. 
Growers are continually injuring themselves and 
the market by shipments of inferior peaches. It’s a 
losing practice all around. 
Bermuda growers and dealers in produce are to 
make an effort to secure a repeal of the duties on 
vegetables from that island. 
An exchange savs that an excellent substitute for 
tea is prepared by the Germans from the leaves of 
the common strawberry plant. 
A v lnd storm is reported to have carried off all the 
hay on a 10-acre field near Eockport, N. Y., when It 
was all ready to put Into the barn. 
The shipment of Illy bulbs from Bermuda Is be¬ 
coming quite an industry, a recent steamer bringing 
24 barrels, 610 cases and 2,588 boxes. 
July 19, some very nice strawoerrles were seen In 
market, which the dealer said came from Maine, 
and were the first he had seen here from that State. 
Barge quantities of Egyptian onions are on their 
way to this market. Why not raise our own onions? 
What are the Southern larmers going to do about it? 
The Department of Agriculture has been stirring 
up its crop reporters to secure greuter accuracy in 
their returns of the condition and probable yield of 
crops. 
The stocks of evaporated apples are light; lighter, 
It Is estimated, than they were last season, and are 
being heid in the stores and in cold storage in about 
equal proportions. 
Hay was selling in Eondon two weeks ago at £8 10s. 
a ton, and yearllcgs were selling for £2 10s. in the 
same market, where a year ago they were bought as 
calves at £3 per head. 
The Columola Grain Drying Company, with a capl- 
tol of $50,000, has been Incorporated in New York 
with headquarters in New York city, for the purpose 
of drying wet brewers' and other grains. 
The South America:- trade requires immense Im¬ 
plements in the way of steam plows, harvesters, etc. 
An extensive manufacturer says: “The demand 
from South America for special machinery is very 
large, and we have had to design new plans for their 
wants. 1 think that the trade between this country 
and South America is growing in Importance, and 
before long we will have a steady demand for all 
kinds of machinery.” 
Huckleberries were plentiful. They sold very 
low. Shippers stopped shipping, or shipped else¬ 
where. Huckleberries became very scarce. Prices 
went up. An old storv, frequently repeated. 
And now reports come to us that the financial 
stringency will reduce the pack of California canned 
fruits, throwing greater quantities on the market 
freBh, and increasing the output of evaporated 
stocks. 
There Is likely to be a good foreign demand for our 
corn. France has taken off the duty till next Janu¬ 
ary, and both England and Germany will require 
additional and large quantities to piece out their 
fodder. 
The Increase In wheat growing in Argentina leads 
to large shipments of agricultural machinery from 
this country. Two sailing vessels have just been 
chartered for River Platte ports with cargoes of this 
character. 
Barge numbers of German and French stock raisers 
are killing their animals because of lack of feed. 
They will probably want to replace them in the 
future, and this will increase the demand for Ameri¬ 
can stock. 
There is always a lively competition between the 
different lines of steamers on the Hudson and the 
railroads on either side for the fruit-carrying trade, 
and this year the steamboats seem to be getting the 
worst of It. 
It is now suspected that the lungs supposed to 
have come from Canadian cattle shipped to England 
and which Indicated the presence of pleuro-pneu- 
monla, were substituted, and were not from Cana¬ 
dian cattle at all. 
A “Hay Committee” has been appointed by the 
New York Produce Excha: ge to formulate rules for 
the Inspection and grading of hay, and to make 
arrangements for Its regular listing and handling 
upon the floor of the Exchange. 
From advices in regard to the coming apple crop, 
It looks now as If the Eastern States, New York, 
northern Ohio, Illinois and Michigan would have a 
short crop th s year, while the yield In the South Is 
expected to be fully up to tbe average. 
A business man who has recently returned from 
England states that the grass there has grown only 
to the height of two or three inches and burned to a 
crisp, leaving the farmers to the resource of feeding 
their sheep on turnips from lack of fodder. 
The ship Freiburg, lately mentioned in these col¬ 
umns, sailed July 19, for Havre carrying 1.900 tons of 
hay. It Is the first time a vessel has left this port 
carrying exclusively a cargo of hay. A vessel is now 
loading f00 tons of hay at Baltimore for Havre. 
A dam which is being built by the Canadians in 
the St. Bawrence River, opposite Frazer’s Point, has 
caused the overflow of thousands of acres of farm¬ 
ing land and crops on the American side. The farm¬ 
ers have appealed to the State Department for relief. 
Many berries and other perishable produce arrive 
on Saturday night, are left on the cars over Sunday, 
and, when the weather is hot, generally come out In 
terrible shape on Monday morning. It is poor busi¬ 
ness shipping such truck so that It arrives here at 
such a time. 
It Is said that new wheat will not move freely as 
early as u?ual. The lake ports will receive but little 
before the latter part of Juiy. The sections which 
generally ship early have a poor crop. Reports say 
that farmers will hold or are not disposed to sell at 
present low prices. 
The West India fruit trade, once carried on prin¬ 
cipally in small American sailing vessels, is now 
mostly controlled by small foreign steamers. The 
service Is better and more speedy than formerly, 
hence conducted with less loss, but the profits of the 
trade go mostly abroad. 
A pr mlnent Japanese manufacturer now in this 
c juntry says that within the next year a law will go 
Into effect in Japan removing the five per cent duty 
on cotton imported from the United States, which 
will create a demand for enough American cotton 
to consume the entire product. 
At a trial of mowing machines near Wayne, 111., 
one machine cut an acre of heavy Timothy In 32J4 
minutes, making five stops to clear the bar of grass. 
The other machine next cut an acre of Timothy in 
exactly the same time, being compelled, however, to 
stop only once to clear the bar. 
New York’s dairy exhibit Is seld to surpass all 
others at the Columbian Exposition. One of the 
expert cheese Instructors of the State Department 
of Agriculture, was awarded the highest score of 
any exhibitor, the cheese made by him scoring al¬ 
most 100 points, which is the standard for perfection. 
A Toledo, O , firm has received crop reports from 
2,631 grain dealers and millers, covering every sec¬ 
tion of the six principal winter wheat States, which 
produce two-thirds of the total crop. The indica¬ 
tions from these reports are that they will furnish 
about 150,000,000 bushels this year, as against 230.000,- 
000 bushels in 1892. 
A dispatch from Vienna states that the drought in 
Austria has pievalled so long that there Is a great 
falling off in the yield of oats, and the price of that 
grain has gone up in consequence The government 
has Issued a mandate to the effect that If there 
should be any advance In prices, the horses of tbe 
army should be fed on a mixture of one-third corn 
and two-thirds oats. 
The Chief of the Bureau of Statistics reports that 
the total values of the exports of domestic bread- 
stuffs trom the United States during the month of 
June were $15,912,751, and during June, 1892, $16,448,- 
977. During the 12 month ended June 30.1893, $188.- 
981,922, and during the corresponding period of the 
preceding year, $238,925,000. 
Governor Altgeld, of Illinois, who seems to have 
achieved more notortety than fame, declined to 
sign the bill appropriating $1,000 annually to tbe 
Illinois Dairymen s Association for the purpose of 
preparing, publishing and distributing Its report. 
He alleged as a reacon that It did not appear whether 
(Continued on next page.) 
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AJLIj kinds of fruits, vegetables 
AND PRODUCE. 
S y 0 r U rnnnT lOO Park Place, N. Y. 
■ I. 8 t. n. I n U U I ,FiwIim Cnulnloi Iinkuti. 
Rkfirinci: Rural New-Yorker, Irving Nat’l Bank 
E. C. PALMER. G. H. RIVENBUBG A. W. FROST. 
ESTABLISHED 1869. 
PALMEK, RIVENBUBG & 00., 
Successors to G. S. PALMER, 
Wholesale Commission Merchants. 
Dressed CALVES a Specialty. 
Also Poultry, Butter and Eggs. Apples and Potatoes 
in car lots. 
160 Reade Street, New York, 
References: Chatham National Bank. 
GRAY HAIR 
or whiskers restored to 
perfectly natural color by 
using Van’s Mexican Hair 
Restorative, or money refunded; it is not a dye, and 
is warranted absolutely free from sugar of lead or 
anything injurious whatever. Sent to any address 
on receipt of price; $1.00 per bottle; full Informa¬ 
tion free; agents wanted. ABBEN & CO., Room 308, 
Inter Ocean BuildlLg, Chicago, Ill. 
Trade supplied by Peter Van Schaack & Sons. 
THIS 
u 
Low-Down” Milk Wagon 
Nerve 
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Blood 
50c. 
per box. 
0 for 94.50. 
Send for 
descriptive 
pamphlet. 
. WILLIAMS' 
MEDICINE CO., 
Schenectady, N.Y. 
and Brockville, Ont. 
Morphine Habit cured in 10 to 
20 days. No pay til*, cured. 
Dr. J. STEPHENS, Bebanon. O 
FRUIT CULTURE, 
and the Laying- Out and Manage¬ 
ment of a Country Home.—By W. 
C. Strong, Ex-President of the Mas¬ 
sachusetts Horticultural Society, and 
Vice-President of the American Po- 
mological Society. Illustrated. New 
revised edition, with many additions, 
making it the latest and freshest book 
on the subject. 
“ Mr. Strong gives evidence of that thorough grasp 
of the subject which he has gained from 30 years' 
experience as an orchardlst. His book Is a simple, 
clear well-condensed manual of practical informa¬ 
tion on the fundamental principles involved in the 
successful cultivation of each species of fruit.”— 
Boston Advertiser. 
“In no branch of intelligence has there been so 
much advance as In horticulture. Every year solves 
new problems Insoluble before, and with new Ideas 
new books follow. It Is In just this line (In the 
endeavor to elucidate fundamental principles) that 
Mr. Strong believes he finds an unoccupied field, 
and this book is tbe result.”—T homas Meehan, in 
Gardener's Monthly. 
“Tbe author has shown excellent judgment In 
giving the particular Information which small fruit 
raisers wish to know ."—Boston Transcript. 
“ The directions are specific enough to be under¬ 
stood by beginners and wise enougn to be of profit 
to experienced fruit growers .”—Home and Farm 
(Boulsvllle). 
Price, in one volume, 16mo., cloth, $1. 
THE NEW BOTANY: 
A Lecture on the best method of 
Teaching the Science. Valuable to 
Students and Amateurs, being a Use¬ 
ful Guide in Studying “The Beauti¬ 
ful Science.”—By W. J. Beae, M. Sc., 
Ph. D., Professor of Botany, Agri¬ 
cultural College, Michigan. Third 
Edition, enlarged and revised. 
Price, paper, 25 cents. 
THE RURAL PUBLISHING COMPANY 
Cor. Chambers and Pearl Sts., N. Y. 
