1893 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
695 
Live Stock Matters. 
FORKFULS OF FACTS. 
The Kansas Farmer says that it is a 
deplorable fact that there are 300,000,000 
pounds of cows’ grease, which might 
have been butter, used annually in 
America for soap-grease and shortening 
because unfit for table purposes. 
Sheep and Corn —Any one who thinks 
sheep would not eat corn would change 
his mind if the bars should happen to be 
let down so they could get at it. A 
friend of mine who keeps a good many 
sheep, being unable to furnish past¬ 
ure on account of the drought, turned 
his sheep into his corn field and nothing 
remains but the stalks—the ears and 
leaves being all eaten off. Passers by 
on the road lay the blame on the grass¬ 
hoppers which were very bad here this 
summer. A. m. 
Covington, Pa. 
Raise Your Own Cows. —The Texas 
Live Stock Journal says that the dairy¬ 
man who is looking to the future will be 
wise if he plans to raise his own cows, 
The very best cows are difficult to find on 
the market, for the men who have them 
usually know enough to keep them. If 
for sale at all, it is at a price that the 
commercial dairyman considers practi¬ 
cally prohibitive, but when you are rais¬ 
ing your own cows for your own dairy 
there is no reasonable expense which 
cannot be afforded in order to have the 
very best. A good bull, good feed, good 
care are the items of expense, but if these 
are distributed among a number the cost 
upon any one animal is not very great. 
To pursue the business of dairying with 
profit or satisfaction, you must have the 
cattle which are adapted to it. 
It is perhaps a good thing that differ¬ 
ent people prefer different breeds of live 
stock. It begets more or less of rivalry. 
While some wouldn’t have a black hog, 
others wouldn’t have a white one, and 
each class of individuals is ready with 
arguments to sustain its own position. 
Major W. H. Walsworth, of Michigan, 
the present president of the Essex Asso¬ 
ciation of America, says: “The Essex is 
one of the oldest of the improved Eng¬ 
lish breeds of swi"e. In color a pure 
black, possessing rich quality and great 
aptitude to fatten. While classed with 
the small breeds, they often weigh from 
400 to 000 pounds. Being very quiet, 
easy keepers and good breeders, they 
are highly przed as a pure breed, and 
are valued highly for crossing on the 
coarser, slower maturing breeds, the 
grand sweep stake bar ow, over all 
breeds and crosses, at the last fat stock 
show (1890), being a cross-brfd Essex 
and Poland. 
Canned Devil.— The sale of canned 
meats is a great help to our live stock 
interests because it disposes of a surplus 
product that might otherwise be unsal¬ 
able. The following story is told of one 
dealer who und-. rtook to sell tinned goods 
in the South Sea Islands : “ He had been 
in the habit of carrying all sorts of tinned 
meats, which the natives bought with 
avidity. Each tin was branded with a 
colored picture—a cow for beef, a sheep 
for mutton and a fish for sardines. It 
happened that the firm which furnished 
the mutton thought it a good plan to 
change its labels, that its goods might be 
more easily distinguished from those of 
others. The mark chosen was a red 
dragon. The natives came with their 
copra to trade as usual. The new tins 
were shown them, but they recoiled with 
horror and gave the trader to understand 
that they had had some religious instruc¬ 
tion and were not to be deluded into eat¬ 
ing tinned devil. The trader was forced 
to eat his stock of mutton himself, for not 
a native could be persuaded to touch the 
accursed thing.” If the limbs of Satan 
that make themselves at home in this 
country could be tinned and sent out of 
it, we would all be better off. The lesson 
to be learned from the story is to look 
out for what brand you use ! 
The Hardness of Butter —The New 
Hampshire Experiment Station has been 
conducting some experiments as to the 
effects of different foods upon the hard¬ 
ness of butter, and though the work in 
this direction is not as yet extensive 
enough to justify the drawing of con¬ 
clusions, t'leir experiments thus far in¬ 
dicate : 
1. Thr.t gluten ineal to^ds to produce a much softer 
quality of butter than corn meal or cotton-seed 
meal, and other things being eqaal, tends to lessen 
the ehurnablllty of the butter fat. 
2. That with the same cows the hardness depends 
much more upon the character of thefood than upon 
the nutritive ratio. 
3. That ensilage proluces a much softer butter 
than does good hay. out It ts also favorable to the 
flavor and texture of the butter produced. 
4. That skimmed milk has a very favorable effect 
upon the churnabllltv and quality of the butter fat. 
anl In a slngletrlal apparently reversed the general 
rule that the volatile, fatty aelds decrease as the 
period of lactation advances. 
5 That cotton-seed meal tends to produce an 
unusually hard quality of butter, and that cotton¬ 
seed meal and gluten meal might be used together 
with excellent result. 
(I. That contrary to general belief the melting point 
of butter fat Is not a good Indication of tr.e commer¬ 
cial hardness of butter. That while In general a soft 
butter melts at a lower temperature than hard but¬ 
ter, there is no definite relation between mel'lng 
point and actual hardness. 
7. That no relation can be traced between foods 
and volatile fatty acids, except In the case of skltn- 
mllk Th*t usually hardnsss and volatile acids vary 
Inversely, hardness generally Increasing and volatile 
acids decreasing ns the period of lactation advances. 
THE WINTER DAIRY COW IN SUMMER. 
I am disappointed in one thing con¬ 
nected with winter dairying. My plan 
has been to dry off the cows in July and 
turn them off to pasture ; but it is get¬ 
ting more and more difficult every year 
to dry them off soon enough to do this. 
This year I could not get them dried up 
till within three weeks of the time some 
of them were to come in, and I had to 
milk them once wnile they were away. 
Next year I intend to keep them at home 
and give them millet and corn fodder, 
and milk them as long as they will give 
any. It looks as though they were going 
to develop into perpetual milkers, and 
not give my wife and myself any vaca¬ 
tion. Why is it that cows which come .n 
in the spring will dry up so faBt in July 
and August, while cows which came in 
in the preceding October are such per¬ 
sistent milkers is something I do not 
understand. I have a Jersey cow that 
has given milk 17 months and is coming 
in in less than a month, yet she gives 
over a quart a day. 
On the other hand, the summer cow 
due to come in in March or April dries up 
in December, or perhaps in November, 
without any trouble. You have only 
to turn her out to eat frost-bitten grass, 
with a good north wind blowing and the 
thermometer at 20 or below, and she will 
dry up fast enough. She will when thus 
treated dry up the owner’s pocket-book 
as well. What effect this persistent 
milking will have on the calves I cannot 
tell, and do not especially care. I have 
seen no ill effects yet, and when I do it 
will be time enough to think about this 
part of the matter. j. w. newton. 
IMPROVING THE POULTRY. 
From Samuel Cushman’s report in the 
Rhode Island Station bulletin, the fol¬ 
lowing sensible extracts are taken : 
“ The selection of ihe finest individuals 
of a breed is of as much, or of more im¬ 
portance, than the choice of a breed. 
Pure breeds have as strong an impulse 
to perpetuate their inferior character¬ 
istics as their superior qualities. Breed 
only from the best males that can be 
piocured. Avoid those showing the 
slightest trace of sickness or the effects 
of disease. Disease, or a tendency to 
disease, is transmitted. Weakness re¬ 
produces weakness, and vigor beg-ts 
vigor. Hereditary unsoundness or a pre¬ 
disposition to disease, may be made the 
dominant characteristic of a strain. The 
offspring of stock that is very young or 
immature, or imperfectly developed, or 
that is constitutionally impaired by pri¬ 
vation or neglect, will inherit a condi¬ 
tion of the system that readily becomes 
diseased from slight exciting causes. 
Hardiness, vitality and vigor of consti¬ 
tution are of more importance in poultry 
for rrofit than all other qualities com¬ 
bined. Only the most vigorous should 
be bred from. 
“ Birds having a strong, bright eye, 
that are cheerful and active, and are not 
much above the average of the breed in 
size, are the most desirable. A dull and 
sunken eye shows defective nutritive 
power snd lack of constitution and 
vigor. The progeny of two-year-o'd 
fowls grow larger, mature earlier, and 
feather more rapidly than that from 
youager stock. A cockerel mated to 
mature hens usually gives large and 
vigorous chickens. If the hens are few 
in number there is generally a prepon 
derance of cockerels, especially from the 
earliest eggs. Cockerels are generally 
more efficient early in the season than 
cocks. If pullets are to be bred from 
they should be mated to a mature cock. 
The earlier eggs will produce more cock¬ 
erels than the later ones. As a rule, 
other things being equal, the fewer the 
number of hens allowed to a male the 
greater the number of cockerels pro¬ 
duced, and the greater the number of 
hens allowed, the greater the proportion 
of pullets produced. The number of 
hens that should be allowed to a male 
will vary with the breed, the age, and 
whether they are at full liberty or closo- 
ly confined. They should be mated early 
and remain together during the season. 
Bullets’ eggs are smaller than hens’eggs, 
and the chickens obtained are also 
smaller and not so strong. Size in pro¬ 
geny is usually most influenced by the 
hen.” 
■ Rationally Tiikat your Cold from the start 
by using Dr. D. Jayne s Expectorant, un<l you may 
escape Lung Troubles not so easily gotten tiff of— 
Adv. 
Colts 
get hurt. Phenol So- 
dique is a liniment for 
them; for other animals. 
1 here is nothing that 
mends so quick. 
HANCE RROTHF.RS & WHITE, Philadelphia. 
At druggists. Take no substitute. 
FOR WATERING STOCK IN THE STARLE 
C. E. BUCKLEY & CO., 
Patentees and Manufacturers, Doviot Plains, N. Y 
KINGSTON FOUNDRY AND MACHINK 
CO., Limited. Kingston, Ont., Canada, Sole Manu¬ 
facturers for the Dominion of Canada. 
STW RELIABLE AGENTS WANTED. 
QT. LAMBERT Bull Calves and Heifers of the 
Cr beat butter bluod, lu-and-ln-bred to Stoke 
Pwgia 1II. (the sire of Mary Auneof St. L., 8U7 lbs. of 
butter In one year) at very low prioea. 
E. L. CLARKSON. Tivoli, New York. 
BARREN COWS AND MARES. 
A large percentage of animals that fall to brood 
can be cured. Valuable circular containing testi¬ 
monials from the most prominent breeders to this 
effect, sent free. Don’t you want it? 
Crystal lake Stock Farm, Belleville, N. Y. 
Messrs. Moure liros.: 
U BNTLP.MEN—We are well pleased with the invest¬ 
ment. Yours, &c, S. Mather & Sons. 
MOORE BROS., ALBANY, N. Y. 
WQODS1DE DORSET RAM'S 
I b h ve i be grei test confidence In the usefulness of 
the birds Asl *e from thsir snperioruy ns lamb- 
producers. which Is now everywhere conceded, I con¬ 
sul r tiit*ni a-i sxtiemeiv hardy, peaceable, growthv 
and handsome sheep. It is mv atm to keep our Hock 
uo to the hlguest standard. Rams ot different ages 
lor sale. 
J. E. WING, Woodslde Farm, Mechanlcsburg, O. 
High-Class Shropshires 
75 yearling rams a, t will weigh 250 to 30* pounds 
and shear 12 to 15 peunds at maturity; ami 150 year- 
ltng ewes, to weigh 175 to 21.0 pounds, and shear 0 to 
12 pounds at maturity, Ju»t arrived, recorded tn Eng¬ 
land and America. “A grand lot” Send tor cata¬ 
logue THE WILLOWS, 
Geo. E. Bkkck, Prop. Paw Paw, Mich 
nili'lfC The most nroHtahle of all 
* ™ * oJ ' r poultry. Stock won Ilrst 
and -sc ml prizes at the “ Great Mount Holly Show ” 
this Hill Always-on whfrs snown. Hundreds for 
snle at 90 cents each anti upwards. Money returned 
If not satisfactory. BROOKS! I>E I’OULTRY FARM 
J. E Stevenson, Columbus, N. .1. 
|*®I INCUBATORS & BROODERS 
®.J) Brooders only $5. Best und cheapest for 
r-fTf raising chicks ; 40 first premiums ; 3,000 
testimonials ; send for catalogue. 
— 9 G.S.SINGER, Box 3/4, Cardington, 0 . 
Trilp BIT 
(Jl’AJJTI ts of other bftfc! 
and will eoftil/ control oue£ 
vicious kora* at all cl mum. Sk to 
COMMON SENSE W 
kecnn,« It can »l»t be >»rd u a bA 
las" w XC Sample mailed *1.00. 
5 " Nickel - - ~ « ckj,, 
RACINE MALLEABLE IRON CO., 
J. P. DAVIES, M*«v RACINE, WIS, 
KNOB MOUNTAIN POULTRY FARM. 
B. P. KOOi 8 and 8. C. BROWN LUG 
HORNS a spec alty. Eggs and birds for sale. 
MAHLON SAGER. Orangeville, Pa. 
FARM POULTRY. 
Circular. 
PINK TRKK FARM, Jamesburg, N. J. 
POULTRTMENI 
Get circulars and 
valuable testimoni¬ 
als of the best 
GHEE N B O N I? 
CUTTER on the 
market. It’s cheap, durable, practical and war¬ 
ranted. WEBSTER & IIANNUM, Cazenovla, N. Y. 
PROFIT 
IN 
There Is probably no branch of 
farming or stock-raising that Is 
so sure to return a proHt as the 
flock of sheep, and there ts prob¬ 
ably no branch so much neg- 
d | | ta ta lected. A well-kept flock would 
H H L \‘ restore the fertility to many run 
• down farms, and put their own- 
e s on the road to prosperity. 
But every man doesn’t know how to care for sheep, 
though be can easily learn ” Sheep Farming ” is a 
practical treatise on sheep, their menagement and 
diseases. It tells In plain language how to select 
and breed them, and how to care for them. It Is a 
little book worth three times Its cost to any farmer 
who raises sheep. Sent postpaid for 25 cents 
TI1E RURAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
Cor. Chambers and Pearl Sts., New York. 
WILLIS WHINERY, WINONA, O., 
Breeder and Shipper of 
IMPROVED CHESTER-WHITE SWIHE. 
Largest and finest herd In the world. Over 303 head 
on baud. Special Inducements for the next 30 days. 
Write at once for clrculais. This herd will be at the 
World’s Fair Sept. 25 to Oot 14. See It sure. 
PIGS. Jersey, Guernsey and 
Holstein Cattle. Thoroughbro* 
— __ —-Sheep. Fancy Poultry. Hun tine 
.^—‘1 » nd Hons# Dogs. Catalogue. 
*■ W. SMITH. Ouch ran ville. Clhoatoa Co, Peaaa 
SHROPSHIRE SHEEP 
Ate the IWortgragro r ifters. Choice Ram Lambs 
and Ewe of all ages at reasonable prices. State 
just what you want, and address 
FRANK L. McELHENY, BlackCfeek, N. V. 
M ABTIFF*. 
-Noblest of doirs. 
- - Wise, faithful, 
beautiful. Our prices suit the times. Write quick. 
SHIELDS BROS., New Alexandria. Pa. 
Dl VMMITU DnPIf C- -SO White Plymouth Rock 
• L. I W!U I II nUUn'j, Cockerels for sale Tae 
first premium bPdsof OrangoCounty were bred and 
are now owred by me. Order at once to secure first- 
class stock for another year from KING’S FARVl 
POULTRY YARDS, Otlsvlile, Orange County, N. Y. 
FEEDING ANIMALS. 
This Is a practical work of 500 pages, by Profee 
E. W STEWART, upon the science of fee ling Ir »> 
Its details, giving p actlcal radons for all form am 
ma!s. Its accuracy Is proved by Its adoption as a 
text book In nearly all Agricultural Colleges and Ex¬ 
periment Stations In America. It will pay anybody 
having a horse or a cow, or who feeds a few pigs or 
sheep to buy and study it carefully. Price. OO. 
Address THE RURAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
Cor. Chambers and Pearl Streets, New York. 
HORSES - - - CATTLE. 
SMITHS A POWELL CO., Syracuse, H. Y. t 
offer very superior FRENCH COACH, STANDARD, CLYDESDALE, PERCHERON, 
DRIVING and MATCHED COACH HORSES (many of them Prize winners) at 
very reasonable prices. 
Also HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CA l’TLE, from the handsomest and most noted 
milk and butter herd in the word, 
RARE BARGAINS in choice show Rrimals, and cows wi.Vh great records 
STATE JUST WHAT YOU WANT, AND SAVE TIME. 
