858 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 23 
A VOICE FROM THE WEST. 
IN RESPONSE TO SECRETARY MORTON. 
Secretary Morton’s speech calls to mind 
one delivered by his predecessor, the late 
lamented Jerry Rusk, at Salt Lake City 
a few years ago, when he visited this 
Territory in company with President 
Harrison. The speeches were both strik¬ 
ing and characteristic, but as opposite as 
the poles. The speech of Jerry Rusk on 
that occasion was about as long as the 
“funny” paragraph which is inserted to 
fill out the page of your issue on which 
Secretary Morton’s address is printed, 
and the burden of it was : “ Utah beats 
the world for potatoes.” On the other 
hand, the present Secretary exhausts a 
page of your paper to say to the farmers: 
“Read the Wealth of Nations.” The 
former disappointed his hearers with the 
absence of oratory. The latter gives a 
very eloquent address, giving evidence of 
a scholarly mind, and yet it is an open 
question which of the two speeches com¬ 
mended itself more to the good graces of 
the farmers who may have heard them. 
The former showed that the Secretary 
had made a study of the potatoes pro¬ 
duced by the world ; the latter, grand 
and inspiring as it is, would seem to 
show that the present Secretary has been 
making a study of a subject that does 
not immediately concern the interests of 
the farmer, and that is not within the 
purview of the Department of Agricul¬ 
ture. 
The address is that of a teacher of po¬ 
litical economy, rather than a Secretary 
of Agriculture who is supposed to guard 
with a jealous eye, and to promote in 
every legitimate way, the interests of 
the farmer. Did the Congressional act 
establishing the Department of Agricul¬ 
ture contemplate turning it into a school 
of political economy ? A department 
founded in the interest of a majority of 
the people ought to turn a respectful 
ear to the wishes of the majority of that 
class. The moment the Department of 
Agriculture degenerates into a lecture 
bureau and disregards the wishes of the 
majority of the people whom it is in¬ 
tended to represent, that moment its use¬ 
fulness is doomed. 
And then is the Secretary quite posi¬ 
tive that the advice to our overworked 
farmers to read the “Wealth of Nations,” 
is good advice? Because an eminent Eng¬ 
lishman has written a book in which he 
tries to show that the “ Wealth of Na¬ 
tions ” is altogether out of date and full 
of fallacies ? On the other hand, the 
farmers of the country are crying for re¬ 
lief from their debts, and it is at least a 
debatable question whether the study of 
political economy will help them out 
very much. It is very doubtful whether 
the “Wealth of Nations” will tell the 
farmer how to make two blades of grass 
grow where before only one grew. The 
Secretary has probably not heard of the 
story of the young man who applied to 
a farmer for employment. He told the 
farmer that, among other qualifications, 
he had been graduated from two col¬ 
leges, whereupon the farmer said: “I 
had a- calf that sucked two cows, and the 
only difference I could see in the calf was 
that it got to be a bigger calf.” 
But the most significant thing in the 
speech is that it shows what kind of 
company the Secretary has been keeping. 
Reading between the lines one can see 
that he has j ust come out of a fight very 
nearly worsted, and he comes to Chicago 
and delivers a harangue before he has 
had the tiim to cool off somewhat. The 
whole gist of the remarkable speech is a 
plea for dear money, and a labored 
attempt to prove the fallacy of “ cheap 
money,” as he terms it. He says: “All the 
droughts, all the locusts, all the chinch 
bugs, all the diseases of domestic animals 
which have afflicted agriculture are not 
half so impoverishing to the farmer as 
cheap money of violently fluctuating 
purchasing power.” One would imagine 
that he had just come from a meeting of 
New York bankers. He does not say so, 
but he means that silver is “ cheap 
money of violently fluctuating pur¬ 
chasing power.” Has the Secretary 
been careful enough to verify these 
words in revising his speech ? Silver has 
been money since the dawn of history. 
It is a matter of record that Rome reached 
the zenith of her glory when t‘ie volum < 
of her money was greatest and that her 
downfall was measured by the contrac¬ 
tion of her currency. Silver was made the 
money of the Constitution by the fathers 
of this country, because it was found 
that a silver dollar represented a dollar’s 
worth of labor more nearlv than any 
other metal. And the best money, the 
most stable money, is that whicn will 
buy to-^'ay the same amount of labor or 
the product of labor that it will to-mor¬ 
row. Any one at all conversant with 
tbe question understands that to-day 
silver, demonetized and dishonored by 
our Government, which may be worth 70 
cents an ounce, will buy as much wheat, 
as much cotton, as much of any of the 
products of the farm as it did 20 years 
ago when it was worth $1.29 an ounce. 
That is to say, as silver has fallen, the 
prices of wheat and cotton and of all the 
other products of the farm have fallen in 
the same ratio. On the other hand, a 
dollar’s worth of gold will buy just about 
twice as much wheat, as much cotton, as 
much barley, as much of any other 
product of the farm or faeto-y as it 
did 20 years ago. Docs that fact prove 
that silver is a fluctuating measure 
of value and that gold is stable ? On 
the contrary, does it not rather show 
that gold has fluctuated to such an 
extent that it buys twice as much 
of the product of labor to-day as it 
did 20 years ago? In other words, a 
farmer has to work twice as hard to 
obtain a gold dollar, or a dollar's worth 
of gold, as he did 20 years ago. 
Then, has the Secretary himself studied 
diligently the “ Wealth of Nations?” for 
if I am not mistaken Adam Smith agrees 
with every other writer of note on polit¬ 
ical economy that a plentiful supply of 
money, “cheap money” if you please, 
makes prices good and times good. The 
following quotations are of interest on 
this point: 
Ricardo says that “ commodities would 
rise or fall in price in proportion to 
the increase or diminution of money. 
I assume as a fact that this is incontro¬ 
vertible.” 
Hume says : “ It is the proportion be¬ 
tween the circulating money and the 
commodities in the market which deter¬ 
mines the price.” 
Wolowehi says : “If by the stroke of a 
pen, they double the demand for the 
other metal, they suppress one of these 
metals in the monetary service, to the 
ruin of all debtors.” 
Cernushi says : “The purchasing power 
of money is in direct proportion to the 
volume of money existing.” 
William H. Crawford, Secretary of the 
Treasury, in a report to Corgress in 1820 
said: “All intelligent writers on cur¬ 
rency agree that when it is decreasing in 
amount poverty and misery must pre¬ 
vail.” 
David Hume said, speaking of the ef¬ 
fect of the influx of American gold : “It 
is certain that since the discovery of 
mines in America, industry has increased 
in all the nations of Europe.” 
Ernest Leyd said in 1868: “Upon this 
one point all authorities on the subject 
are agreed, to wit, that the large increase 
in the supply of gold has given a univer¬ 
sal impetus to trade, commerce and in¬ 
dustry, and to general social develop¬ 
ment and progress.” 
Some other people besides farmers 
could read a little political economy of 
that kind with profit. 
Then, again, these writers are agreed 
upon tbe vital point that a double stand¬ 
ard is less fluctuating than a single stand¬ 
ard, the one holding in check the appre¬ 
ciation or depreciation of the other. 
But this article is already too long to 
quote further from these authorities. 
Who has a better right than the farm¬ 
ers of this country to study the ques¬ 
tion of money ? It will be time for the 
Secretary of Agriculture to tell the farm¬ 
ers to quit d scus&ing the money question 
and go home ard work when the legisla¬ 
tors of this country keep their hands off. 
They began in 1873 to meddle with the 
money question, and from that year dates 
the gradual “ impoverishment of the 
farmer,” a fact that cannot be over¬ 
looked. Let them repair the “ crime of 
1873,” give to the people of this country 
a double standard, and the farmers will 
lay down their arms. We in the West 
are no more interested in this question 
than the farmers of the East. The daily 
newspapers of the East, day after day 
misrepresent the people of the West, and 
these daily newsDapers the Secretary ad¬ 
vises the farmers to read in connection 
with “ The Wealth of Nations.” We can 
afford to see all silver mining stopped, 
cruel and unjust as it may be to a large 
legitimate industry and to a brave and 
generous peopTe, but the farmer of tbe 
country, who has the product of his 
honest labor to sell, who has not lost his 
manhood, will not sit quietly by when 
his own home is at stake. j. d. 
Logan, Utah. 
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