126 
A. F. B. Hoernle— Gold Coins from Jalalabad. [Apexl, 
occurs on other coins, is mahatasa (= Prak. mahantassa or mahattassd) 
Here, of course, it cannot be taken as translated, but is paraphrased and 
expanded. The ’unknown letter 22 resembles the Arian Pali character for? ; 
but there is a curve added to the right foot, which may indicate the combi¬ 
nation of another consonant with s ; such combinations being not uncommon 
in Arian Pali (see Cunningham C. I. L, 49). Now the only possible conjunct 
here is sv ; so that the whole group (20-24) must be read mahisvarasa, which 
I take to stand for the Sanskrit mahesvarasyct, “ of the great lord,” with x for 
e, as in the Prakrit devimdo for Sanskrit devendrah (see H. Cli., 3, 162). 
Again the group (22—24) svarasa re-occurs in 17—19. The group 14—15 
is loga. The intermediate letter 16 must therefore be i, to give any sense at 
all. No. 13 is generally valued as m, so that the whole group 12—19 
would be savvalogdisvarasa, which I should take to be equal to the Sans¬ 
krit sarvalolcaisvarasya “ of the supreme in the whole world. In this 
way, this and the other group together would give a fulsome paraphrase of 
the Greek megas “ the Great.” The explanation of the last two groups is 
substantially the samo as that given by Thomas in his Jainism (p. 59) 
where, however, the author of it is not mentioned. The word logaisvarasct 
is not — Sanskrit lolcesvarasya, as Thomas has it, but is equal to lolcaisva. 
rasya, for Sanskrit e would not dissolve into ai, whereas ai does (see H. Ch., 
1151, where the very word a'isariam for Sanskrit aisvaryam is given as an 
example). However, the'form of 13 in the group is, by no means, the 
usual form of v, as may be seen by a reference to the alphabets in 
Wilson, Prinsep, and Cunningham. It is doubtful, therefore, whether the 
correct value has been assigned to it. It looks like a conjunct, the 
two parts of which somewhat resemble the characters for g and d, and may 
therefore be gda. In that case, the whole group (12—19) would read 
sagdaloga'isvarasa “ of the sovereign of the Sagda people.” The Sagdas might 
then be identified with the Sogdians who are spoken of by the Greek historians 
as one of the Scythian tribes. It should be also noticed that the letter 25 
is not the usual one, as we have it, e. g., in 21. I take it to be a compound 
consonant, made up of li and v with the-vowel i and to be the equivalent of hvi , 
so that the whole group 25, 26 must be read Tivima. This corresponds exactly 
to the Greek oo^o ( ooimo). That the Greek o may stand for y is shown by 
oado for vdto (see Wilson, A. A., 362), and that it may also represent the 
aspirate b, by ooirhi for bvirJci (see p.134). The latter is the name of the king 
who is otherwise known as buvisbka. Here bnvi is rendered in Gieek by 
ooij ( ooi ), the same as in oovj/io ( ooima ). Now rj is rendered in the Arian- 
Pali of the present coin by the vowel sign for i. Hence the accompanying 
Arian-Pali consonant must represent the Greek oo, and must be equivalent 
to lino or rather liv.— Of the concluding group of the Pali legend, I am not 
