1879.] A. F. It. Hoernle —Gold Coins from Jalal&bad. 137 
taken by a standing Hercules, and the same device re-occurs on those of 
Kadphises II, only exchanging the attributes of Hercules for those of Siva. 
The same name Kadphises occurs on the reverse of both; only the attribu¬ 
tives vary, Kadphises II being called Great king, while Kadphises I is 
called merely a warrior-chief. Again on the obverse of Kadphises II, there 
is his own bust and superscription ; while on that of Kadphises I, there is 
the bust of king Hermaeus with the latter’s superscription, precisely the 
same, both as to figure and legend, as on the coins of Hermaeus himself. 
The coins of the so-called Kadphises I, clearly exhibit an intermediate or 
transition state, but do not necessarily point to a succession of three different 
rulers. It would rather appear, that under the weak king Hermaeus, the 
chief of one of the warlike Scythian tribes usurped the regal power, though 
not at first the regal title. Accordingly the obverse of the coins of the time 
was allowed to continue to bear the bust and legend of the nominal king, 
while on the reverse the usurper put his own name and device, the latter 
being a Greek one in imitation of the Greek device which it had supplant¬ 
ed. Later when Hermaeus was removed (perhaps by death), Kadphises 
assumed the regal titles also, and hencefoi'th substituted his own bust and 
legend for those of Hermaeus. At the same time to further suit the 
changed state of things, the subordinate titles on the reverse were changed 
to the regal ones, and the Greek attributes of the figure on the reverse were 
also changed to native Indian ones, perhaps to conciliate his new subjects 
or to suit his own religious opinions. (2). The device of a standing Her¬ 
cules used by Kadphises on the reverse of his coins, occurs on none of the 
coins of the Indo-Grecian kings ; it is found only on the coins of three 
Bactro-Greek kings Euthydemus, Demetrius, and Lysias. The Bactrian 
Greek kingdom was founded by the two Theodotus, father and son, who had 
adopted as their device a standing Jupiter. The sovereignty was afterwards 
usurped by Euthydemus (about B. C., 215—185) who most probably had 
originally been ruler of Sogdiana (see Lassen I. A., Yol. II, pp. 281,293) and 
who substituted his own device of Hercules (either standing or sitting). His 
son Demetrius (about 185—1G0 B. C.), who ruled not only Sogdiana and 
Bactriana, but extended his empire to the south and south-east as far as India 
proper, continued the same device of a standing Hercules. Towards the 
close of Demetrius’ reign, however, his overgrown empire broke ujr. Thus 
Eukratides and Antimachus (about B. C. 165—145) wrested the southern 
parts of the empire from him, as shown by the fact, that the coins of these 
two kings are the first which have Arian-Pali legends. In Bactriana and 
Sogdiana itself Demetrius was succeeded by Lysias (about B. C. 160—140) 
who continues the old device of the standing Hercules and who re-conquer¬ 
ed (about B, 0. 145) some parts of his patrimony in the south from Helio- 
