\ culjpS 
IBII 
milMWM 
m\ 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
“ PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
Y0L. IX. NO. 2.1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.,^SATURDAY, JANUARY 0, 1858. 
• 
1 WHOLE NO. m. 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN’ ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AH ABLE COUPS OP ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
THE FINANCIAL PRESSURE: 
WHAT WILL BE ITS EFFECT ON AGRICULTURE ¥ 
BY LIEUT. IT. F. MAURY. 
[Concluded from our last Number.] 
be truly said that they thus brought about the sus¬ 
pension of the Philadelphia banks and of them¬ 
selves afterwards; but on the other hand, it must 
also be confessed that the country had been very 
largely overtrading, and particularly our Western 
States—though the cotton States must be exempted 
MONTHLY RETURNS OF THE BANK OF FRANCE. 
Specie 
Liabilities. 
As to this recent measure of the British Govern- from this charge . We are not the only country, 
mentin granting permission to the Bank of England however, that bas been over-trading;—England and 
to issne Notes on approved securities bearing 10 per the „ hol e „f Europe are open to this charge, though I fenST™. 
beautiful in Appearance, its Conductor devotes his personal atten- cent, interest, instead of confining the issues to an in a minor dcgvee . This is abundantly proved by :::::: 
tion to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly labors exchange for Coin or bullion, my friend does not the distribution of the precious metals having this “ SeptlOth,. 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the important t bi nk that t hc bank will find it necessary to avail year very lar „ ely exceeded their production. They “ Nov2th . 
itself of this permission to any considerable extent; „a»e vanished from .be gre .t centre, of credit, and 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and because the effect of this power being conveyed to the only way of producing a proper accumulation . 
News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, the bank, will be that of lessening the applications 0 j them at those centres is the continuance Of low y eai a ®° 13 as ' ollo ' vs - 
than any other journal-rendering it the most complete Agricultu- of borrowers whose fears had caused them to an- or re ducing prices for commodities. The contrac- raDita] 
- ticipate their wants far ahead of what they ordma- tion of credit to this end—and as usual it must Loans . 
1856 Sept. 1 OT,427.963) F235.802.491 22694 
“ Oct. S65,285,128| 166,469,946 .1924 
- Nov.. . . . 820,893,205 163,610,460 .1993 
“ Dec. 824,386,029 198,314,409 2406 
1857 Jail . 862,376,037 191,451,073 .2220 
“ Feb. . 825360,737 195,097,374 .2362 
“ March. 822,978,616 222.285,494 .2701 
“ April. 812,025,793 235,039,651 22894 
“ May . 821,793,266 233,332,570 .2839 
■< June 11th. 834,375,438 284,753.611 .3413 
“ July 9th, . 903,235,770 262,376,379 22905 
Perhaps this may be the reason why, in feeding 
of specie" catd le or sheep, during the winter with dry food, the 
per cent roots are found valuable additions. But supposing 
•2634 the 9 pounds of meal to be cooked in the 12 gallons 
.1993 of water, would there not be a larger gain? I think 
there would.—r. 
THE HORSE. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS s 
Prof. C. DEWEY, Lt. M. F. MAURY, 
T & ARTHUR, MrI' M R u°noLMES, This remedy will not be found to work as well as it ties; but there is generally in most parts of the spede.\!!!ri“.T. £tom5 12410 .834 
Miss E c HUNTINGTON, Miss c A Howard. did in 1847; and upon every future repetition it world a much greater production of all the pro- Proportion of Specie to each $1,000 of Specie Liabilities, Nov. 28* 
‘ —--‘ ~ ’ ' will be found more dangerous and less effective to ductg of the earth than last season; and this, of 1867,$2S2-Nov.29,1856,$ 125 . 
All communications,and business letters, should be addressed the object in view. In’47, after the application of course i s a further cause for reduction in prices. If we throw the two departments (issuing and 
o D, P. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. 1. fin a vomoriv tboro woro no mnrf> failures. nr none . „ ■ • ■ _RanVitwrA into ono for the Rnnlr of If norland wo 
ticipate their wants far ahead ot what they ordma- tion of cred it to this end—and as usual it must 
rily desire to provide for—and likewise of unlock- procecd mucb further than needful—is one cause 
ing the hoards of those who have money to lend. and 4b e chief cause, for low prices for commodi- 
“ July 9 th,. 903,235,770 262 , 376,379 22905 Tiie horse is and will continue to be one of the 
u Auirust 13th.. 899,289,139 246,154,186 .2737 _ _ - . . 1 n*i i 
“ Septioth,. 869,953,403 247,979,257 .2850 most useful of our domestic animals. Railroads 
“ Sovrik:::::::::: sKS m.“ Jut may increase, machinery may continue to bo in- 
-vented for the purpose of facilitating labor on the 
The position of the New York hanks now and a f ani3; but the horse will remain the most obedient, 
sar ago is as follows: _ the most faithful and useful servant of man. In 
capital . 2KS SS5 breeding horses we have sought for speed at the 
Loans. 94,963,130 105 . 536,476 expense of strength. This has been too much en- 
Circuiation. 6,520,783 8,610,256 couraged at all our Agricultural Fairs, National, 
Deposits. 79,509,225 
Total of Specie Liabilities. 86,030,008 
Specie. 24,303,145 
Nov. 29, '56. 
$54,243,000 
lft5.636.476 
8,610,256 
88,524,264 
97,134,520 
12,110,834 
Proportion of Specie to each $1,000 of Specie Liabilities, Nov. 28* 
tv . 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
this remedy, there were no more failures, or none Ag tbese products flow in increasing volumes to banking) into one, ior me nans oi rmgianu, we 
of any importance; hut it did not arrest the decline tbe j r u b.imate destination, so will prices continue have the following comparison of strength for it 
in the price of commodities, which still continued for a good j ong w i,i] e to recede. The extraordi- and for thc Bank of France: 
for some two months afterwards, though not nearly nary efflux of silver to India and China will cease; Bank of England, Nov., 1856,£2,690; Nov.. 1857, £1,825—propor- 
. i . a *1 1 f.Vh.v r,,f naeli -4MII (MM) nU linhilitiuu 
hanking) into one, for the Bank of England, we 
% 
for some two months afterwards, though not nearly nary efflux of gilyer t0 India and China will cease; 
so rapidly as whilst the failures were going on and exchanges of the world, concentrating at 
daily during the previous panic. 
London, may be so adjusted as to occasion an accu- 
Bank of England, Nov., 1856, £2,690; Nov., 1857, £1,825—propor- | 
tion of specie for each £10,000 of specie liabilities. 
Bank of France, Nov., 1856,1.993 frs.; Nov., 1857,2,344 frs.—pro- I 
portion of specie for each 10,000 frs. of specie, liabilities. 
Bank of New York, Nov., 1.856, $1,250 ; Nov., 1.857, $2,820-propor- 
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION In 1847 tliey tw0 P anics_ a minor one in mu lation of gold, before the ordinary export of it tion of specie for each $10,000 of specie liabilities. 
_ ’ April from the excessive drain of bullion, chiefly from the United States is resumed. But that will en- . Thus it appears that at this writing, (4th Dec., 
While we have to lament the little attention that for transmission to the U. S. for breadstuff's—and tail upon us, for awhile, much lower prices for our 1857,) thc New York banks, are stronger than the 
has been paid to thc education of Agriculturists in the major one during Sept, and Oct, long after the cotton and other products than either merchants, bank either of France or England! 
this country, and many write as though Americans drain of bullion had ceased; and the mere result 0 r the planter and farmer, are at present imagining. -«—*■- 
were alone at fault and far behind other nations, it therefore of internal mistrust, arising from the mul- Certain it is that the nearer we approximate to a WILL ROOTS PAY? 
is well to look at the facts. The celebrated Agri- titude of failures. The previous drain of bullion purely metallic currency in the United States, or, 
WILL ROOTS PAY? 
is well to look at the facts. The celebrated Agri¬ 
cultural Chemist, Johnston, said_“ The agricultu- bad never been repaired, but the foreign exchanges w hat is much the same thing, the longer our banks Being one among those who have thought that 
)ral interest in England has hitherto expended its were at rest After the order in Council—not in remain suspended and thus cause us to withhold much could be gained by following many of the 
main strength in° attempting to secure or main- consequence, but in spite of it the bullion in 60 the California gold and oui customary demand also practices of the English farmers, T have tried to t the sp^ed of the*‘‘/as7” burses is a matter of gen- 
tain important political advantages in the State.— d ft y s was increased about 50 per cent.—from for the products «..f .oth*uV,.!.'wn«. so v. ;VI the price rawo roots more or less for the lost. fow. wars Mv Uu ,‘„ r „.. . .. d tbe tvo ttin" course is sur- 
The encouragement of experimental agriculture £8,400,000 it rose to xi2,400,000 during that time, 0 f our products continue to decline. success has been various; but I have not yet be-1 
has been in general neglected, while the°diffusion and still went on increasing for weeks and months The end of all these matters will probably be a CO mc satisfied that they will pay. My own opinion 
of practical knowledge has 'been either wholly and years. Thc tide of bullion was thus turned good long spell of high prosperity, preceded, how- is, that more beef, pork, or mutton, can he made 
overlooked or considered subordinate to other oh- towards England as the necessary consequence of ever, by low prices, low interest for money, and an from an acre of com well tended, than from thc 
jects. No national efforts have been made for the the collapse of credit and the grand break down extraordinary accumulation of the precious metals best acre of roots ever grown in this country. We 
- WILD TARTARIAN HORSE. 
Being one among those who have thought that gtate and CouDty> How little notice the valuable 
uch could be gained by following many of the draft horge receiveg at any of these shows, while 
general improvement of the methods of culture, 
While for the other important classes of the com- 
of prices; and it still flowed in afterwards, in con¬ 
sequence of the French Revolution in February, 
at the great centres of credit The times are now lack two important elements of success which the 
working vastly in favor of the parties who but English farmer possesses over us,— climate and 
munity special schools have been established, in ’48, and all the other Continental tumult and lately had so much ground for complaint, viz., the labor. I have raised comparatively large crops of 
which the elements of all the branches of knowl- disorder. possessors ot fixed incomes and this will in part ruta bagas, as well as Oi the sugai beet, and yellow 
which the elements of all thc branches of knowl- disorder. possessors of fixed incomes and this will in part ruta bagas, as well as oi the sugai beet, and yellow 
edge most necessary for each class have been more On the present occasion both causes—drain of account for the present disposition to invest money carrot,— and I have had some very small yields, 
or less completely taught, and a more enlightened, bullion and internal mistrust—were in operation in State Stocks rather than in the pursuit of trade. When the season has been favorable, that is, cool 
because better instructed, race of men gradually at the same time. In 1847 the difficulties were The necessity for this infraction of Peel’s bill of and wet, my root crops have yielded largely; but 
trained up, no such schools have been instituted peculiar to England, and were not felt by other 1844 is to be regretted. The directors of the Bank when the season has been dry and hot, the yield has 
for the benefit of the agriculturist. InourUniver- countries until after her second panic. These diffi- of England are mainly to blame for this. They put been light. 1 have found another serious difficulty 
sities, in which the holders of land, those most culties were ascribed mainly, if not exclusively, to off for three weeks the adoption of any measures in keeping them for feeding during our very cold 
interested in its improvement, are nearly all edu- her famine; but that was far from the sole cause, of precaution against the state of affairs on this winters. In that respect my Swedes have been the 
cated, a lesson upon agriculture, the right arm of as her extravagant outlay of capital for railway un- side; and not .only so, hut in teeth of adverse ex- most useful, for I pit them in the fall, and they keep 
the State, has hitherto scarcely ever been given, dertakings, in 1845 and ’4G, had a large share in changes, when they ought to have been “reefing well, and come to tho help of spring feeding very 
With the practice of the art, the theory has also producing them; and so had our excessively short topsails,” they spent those three weeks in “spread- advantageously. Perhaps beets and carrots may 
been neglected. Scientific men have had no in- cotton crop for 1846-7, and the peculiarity of the i n g more canvas.” Thus the remedy of raising do equally well, hut I have not been fortunate in 
ducement to devote their time and talents to a sub- nosition of this country at that time. Ever since their rate of interest, which, if adopted early keeping them over. 
MODERN HUNTER. 
cotton crop for 1846-7, and the peculiarity of the i ng more canvas.” Thus the remedy of raising do equally well, hut I have not been fortunate in rounded by an excited crowd, giving the grounds 
position of this country at that time. Ever since their rate of interest, which, if adopted early keeping them over. _ the appearance of a race course, attended by sport- 
ject which held out no promise of reward, either 1337 or ’39, when we sunk into such extreme dis- enough, might have been effective, came too late, The experiments of farmers in feeding animals i ng m en, rather than an agricultural exhibition, 
in the shape of actual emolument or of honorary credit, we were steadily and necessarily working and indeed it seemed only to add to the panic and ' a this State either as stores, oi loi the shambles, 
distinction. And thus has arisen the second of 0 ut of debt; so that when 1847 came round, we to hasten the final catastrophe. After the difficul- have not yet been conducted in such a manner as \ N 
those circumstances, by which I consider the ap- -were trading within our means and more indepen- ties in 1847, the directors of the Bank of England to throw sufficient light upon the best food, or the 
proach of a better state of things to have been re- dent and clear of debt than we ever had been be- seemed to have learned a useful lesson, and they most profitable mode of giving it to stock. Our jwIiWa 4 
tarded, namely, the want of an Agricultural Litera- fore. And, contrary to all former usage, when seemed to make it their aim never to hold less cash State Agricultural Society has in this particular 
ture. n England needed any large import of breadstuffs, it j n the Banking Department than 50 per cent of its failed to fulfill its mission. Perhaps it v. ill not al- 
A better state of things will soon exist. Nearly then devolved upon us, for the first time, to he the cash liabilities. But after 1855 they seemed entire- ways he so. 
every State in our Union will soon have its Agri- ma i u SO urce of their supply to her. Thus we got \ w to lose sight of this good rule; and have ever Yet we have the experience of many farmers in 
every State in our Union will soon have its Agri- ma j u source of their supply to her. Thus we got \y to lose sight of this good rule; and have ever Yet we liave thc experience of many farmers in 
cultural College, and Schools before many years be r gold in exchange, to the most wonderful ex- since been aiming, by just the same means as the other States, as well as in England and Scotland to 
fa** 
have passed away. The signs of the times are aus- t ent; and this enabled us to dole out our short cot- New York hanks, at too large dividends for their g llide 11S > and !t may after all, be still an open ques- | 
picious, not only here but in all the civilized coun- ton crop g0 slowly, that wc obtained a monstrous stockholders. tion to the profit of r00t culture among us. 
tries of the world. As they have been with us in price for it> in Bp ite of the enormous reduction in j t j s nonsense to abuse the public for abuse of Careful experiments conducted with skill and judg- 
darkness, so they are with us in earnest efforts for her manufacture. But in the end we imported cre dit The fault is with those who give the credit meilt have demonstrated, that the leeding or forage 
light and knowledge. Dr. Johnston wrote hope- mnM, laro-elv and after cotton broke down ti,„ FWand itaelf la moatlv to blame for valuc of tlie following substances, viz:— > pounds 
have passed away. The signs of the times are aus- tent; and this enabled us to dole out our short cot- 
picious, not only here but in all the civilized coun- ton crop g0 slowly, that we obtained a monstrous 
tries of the world. As they have been with us in pr ice for it, in spite of the enormous reduction in 
much more largely; and after cotton broke down The Bank of England itself is mostly to blame for 
fully before his death—" We may with certainty from 7d t0 5d and 4pi per pound, we, towards the j ts present humiliating condition. As the railway English turnip, 4 pounds Swedes, 3 pounds beets or 
predict, however, that neither the practice nor the cloge of » 47 returned to her a good deal of the expenditures in England in 1845-6 had much to do carrots, are equal to 1 pound of the best hay; and 
theory of agriculture will be permitted to expert- goldf and it flowed in upon her largely also from i n creating her disasters in 1847; so no doubt has 1 P ound corn meal 13 e< 4 ual to 4 1 )0und « ol Pest hay. 
ence in future that want of general encouragement tlie Continent of Europe. the vast expenditure of England and France in Then ’ 1 P ound of meal13 e( l ual -° pounda 01 
under which during the last half century they have But how different wag the condition of this 1854 and 1855 upon the war with Russia tended to turnips, 16 of Swedes, 12 pounds of beets or carrots, 
in England been permitted to languish. The pub- cou - n , 47 and I)nring the geagon late]y bring about the present evil. But what must he An acre of land which will produce 3 tuns of good 
lie mind has been awakened, and the establishment ended ^ had almost ag 8 tnkin|ly deficient a crop said of us, in this country who have had no such ^ 1 ^ f as it mini 
gom, am. u nuwuu m upuu urn mifeoi, aisu num in Creating ner uisastms m xo*. , no uuum { 2Q ^ HEAD OF THE ARABIAN HORSE. 
tlie Continent of Europe. the vast expenditure of England and France in ’ * 1 1 . . , , . . .. . f TUnse who 
,, ... T> turnips, 16 of Swedes, 12 pounds of beets or carrots, visited by plain, practical farmeis. those who 
But how different was the condition of this 1854 and i86 upon thei war wffh R^sia tended to ^ Qf ^ wWch wiU produce 3 tuns of good have had occasion to purchase heavy farm horses, 
country in -47 and ’57. During the season lately ring a jou it pi .s . ... ' hay should, with moderate manuring, yield, say 50 know with how much difficulty they are obtained, 
ended, we had almost as strikingly deficient a crop said of us, in this country who have had no such Qf ^ which we will take ag the mini . A gentleman not long since informed us that he 
of A irrinnlhiral A < 5 «orintinn« nrovinoifll nnri Infill -’- ° J * , , ,, ' .__ bUSheiS OI COl'Il, wniCll we Will lane as Hie mull- A genuoinan HOI long since UIKUIUW UA no 
are manifestations of the interest now felt upon the ere by the high Trice' of breadstuffs "and other Fi J ty . 2 800° f oTTdsTfTT J-T'“‘To cTuTl ^ deV ° te<1 “° St ^ UiS f ° r & m ° nth t0 th ° 
subject in all parts of the country. It requires layigh exporfc of gold and import of the products Western products arising from that very war? It JU3hel wl11 yield 2 ’ 8dd pounda ° f me ^ fh M 
only the general exhibition of such an interest, and of England and other countrieg . and theri) after is exactly in those parts of the United States which tlu3 wouhl r ^ mr \ ^ / of Swede" 19 \ 
the adoption of some general means of encourage- the failure of the Ohio Life and Trust Co. we rush- were thus benefited, that there has been this ex- f SSSf i°«Mun^ “ ^41J 
ment, to stimulate both practical ingenuity and ed into the OSposite) entirely ceasing after the 1st travagant outlay in railroads, and all manner of ab- tuns ’ 51,0 Dusneis 01 ,,ceis 01 cairois ’ 104 JT V 
scientific zeal to expand themselves on this most Sept to export gold, and so contracting credit as surd speculations in real estate, wild land, &c.— I have made no charge for the stalks, counting B \ ^ V 
valuable branch of national industry.” t0 force gold back from England. The suspension The bushel of wheat at $2 became the standard of them equal to the loss of corn by converting it into jT ^, 
We have only to act well our part, to continue of the New York hanks, according to all past expe- value in the West, and all the other consequences meal. Cannot o0 bushels of corn be raised on less [ r 
untiring in our efforts to unite both science and rience, (with the sole exception of suspension by followed as a matter of course. In 1837 and 1839 land and at less expense, than the quantity of either 
practice, to educate our children with proper views the Bank of France in 1848,) ought to have been the bad debts due to New York and other Eastern of the above named crops, which is required to \'\ ,. j; V 
of the dignity of the agricultural profession, and followed by some pretty long period of considera- cities, arose mostly in the cotton States; but now equal that amount for feeding purposes? ^ 
we need not fear comparison with the most en- bly depreciated currency; hut most happily for us, most of those debts are good enough—the grand A steer 3J years old, whose live weight was 1,205 \ 
lightened nation of the world. Our diversity of this suspension has been followed by a continued field of hopeless indebtedness being in tlie great pounds, was fed on 3o pounds of good hay daily for ^ a 
soil and climate give us advantages which no other curtailment of loans by the hanks of New York, so Free States of the West, and this of course not on 30 days, and gained in that time in live weight 60| A , 
nation possesses. Our small farms, owned and con- that we have been appreciating the currency in- the part of farmers, but of other parties; for all pounds. He was afterwards fed for 30 days with 36 j 1 b 
ducted by working, thinking men, are eminently s tead of the expected depreciation — thus most that farmers and planters owe, they are now well pounds liay, and 108 pounds of mangold wurtzel A\y 
favorable to the development of knowledge. In grievously disappointing the men who conspired able to pay? daily, and gained live weight during the time, 125 '\ . /f , T\ i 
no other land is there such an amount of brains and to break the banks, in order to make money cheap- I quote an abstract of the position of the Bank pounds, or about 4 pounds daily. Nine pounds of A VA l 
muscle at work upon the soiL Such a state of things er and render the payment of their debts, or the of France for 15 months past A year ago its posi- meal daily would have been equal to the 108 pounds / J ~ 
may not be favorable to extensive experiments, collection of them, as the case might he, an easier tion was decidedly weaker than now, and then it of roots. According to this experiment 18 pounds ttohsf 
which can be conducted better by an association, matter. was weaker also than the Bank of England; but of hay, or 44 pounds of meal will make a pound of nEAD 0i T1IK HU 
or gentlemen of wealth and leisure, but is well cal- There has no doubt been great cause for the cen- now the relative position of these two Institutes is beef. It requires about the same quantity of meal vain search for a heavy team for agriculture woi . 
culated to develop the resources of the country, and sure of the New York hanks, for carrying their exactly reversed and they are both more short of to make 1 pound of pork. In the 108 pounds of We have observed m our travel throug an ® 
increase knowledge and happiness. contraction too far after the 1st Sept, and it may bullion than the suspended banks of New York. roots, there were 97 pounds, or 12 gallons of water. West some very fine heavy teams, and dra t s a - 
were thus benefited, that there has been this ex- 
HEAD OF THE HUNGARIAN HORSE. 
