APRIL .3. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL ANI) FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
113 
A* 
Written for Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 
In the Rural of March Gth, I noticed an article 
entitled “Schools and School Commissioners,”'in 
which the writer condemns the act of the Legisla¬ 
ture, which “did away with the office of Town 
Superintendents, and in their stead substituted 
School Commissioners,” and I cannot help disa¬ 
greeing entirely with his general conclusions. He 
says:—"The officials have relaxed the interest here¬ 
tofore taken, by the Town Superintendents, parents 
have given the thing over to its own ruin, and our 
Common Schools are little better than none at all.” 
Now, I do not know but these assertions are true, 
still I have yet to be convinced that such is the fact. 
Perhaps the new law has not worked very well in 
some places, but I think, as a general thing, it is a 
decided improvement upon the old system. Prob¬ 
ably there are not near as many schools neglected 
now as there were under the administration of the 
Town Superintendents, whom your correspondent 
praises so highly. I have been to school, term 
after term, without seeing that man of politics and 
learning, the Superintendent; and I have known of 
schools, which were not visited by this officer for 
years. The Superintendents were generally men 
who were engaged in other employments—were 
either merchants, doctors or lawyers, or some 
other worthies, who possessed a good share of 
political influence in the town—and who could “af¬ 
ford” to spend but little time with school matters.— 
The case may possibly be the same with the Com¬ 
missioners; but as they are expected to give all of 
their time to the duties of the office, and are paid a 
regular salary, therefore, I think, they will be more 
likely to attend to their business. 
As far as I can learn, our schools are improving. 
The establishment of Teachers’ Institutes, and the 
various other efforts which our State has made for 
the improvement of schools, and to furnish them 
with good teachers, and the circulation of useful 
periodicals, seem to be, at least some of the neces¬ 
sary elements of a sure and steady advancement,_ 
Parents should now see that proper men are elected 
as Commissioners — earnest, thorough-going men, 
who are deeply interested in the cause of educa¬ 
tion, and will be willing to devote their time and 
energies to the improvement of schools. Until pa¬ 
rents awake to their duties, proper school oflicers are 
elected and good teachers employed, the best laws 
and the most ample appropriations will be useless. 
North Hempstead, Queens Co., N. Y. H. 
Much is being said and written in regard to the 
wisdom of our legislators in passing an act abolish¬ 
ing the office of Town Superintendent and creating 
in its stead that of School Commissioners, having 
jurisdiction over Assembly Districts. It has gene¬ 
rally been found that the fewer officers we could 
have, not only the cheaper, but better would our 
business be done, as we could then have individuals 
better fitted for the duties—a higher order of talent 
would be sought for and obtained, the remunera¬ 
tion that could be afforded being such that the 
necessary time could be devoted to the duties 
required. 
Whoever has noticed the increased interest taken 
in “Teachers’ Institutes,” under the present act, 
must be convinced of the superiority of the exist¬ 
ing law over all preceding ones. Under the super¬ 
vision of Town Superintendents there was likely to 
be much feeling in regard to the location of the 
Institute, which feeling was likely to be renewed 
every year, and carried to such an extent as, in a 
measure, to destroy the usefulness of each session, 
and, in addition, individuals holding a town office 
are not likely to be possessed of as enlarged views, 
or as much practical experience, as those having 
jurisdiction over a larger territory and holding 
their office a greater length of time. Under the 
present system less regard is paid, I think, to the 
party predilections of the candidate and more to 
his personal fitness; and as his office has nothing 
to do with politics, the people (as he is about visit¬ 
ing the schools of his district) in a measure forget 
their partisan prejudices and encourage the Com 
missioner in his efforts to advance the interests of 
oup common schools. E. 8. Lewis. 
Lenox, N. Y., 1858. 
Noticing an article in the Rural on School 
Commissioners, I am inclined to make a brief 
reply. And 1st, as regards the wisdom of the law 
creating this office, all must admit it is too soon to 
render a hasty verdict of guilty. But who is 
stupid as not to see that our School Commission¬ 
ers, by occupying all their time in the school inter¬ 
est; by passing from town to town, giving good 
counsel to teachers, encouraging the student, and 
urging on the parents to a more perfect sense of 
their duty; by conducting Associations and Insti¬ 
tutes; by meeting parents and children not only 
aronnd the firesides, but in evening meetings at 
the school-houses, must necessarily accomplish 
more than he who spends but a few days in the 
schools of his town, knowing but little and caring 
less about what is being done in sections around 
him. If “practice makes perfect,” then, surely, 
must he who spends all his time be better qualified 
for an intelligent discharge of these arduous and 
responsible duties. 
We all can but pity Mr. Jeffrey’s County of 
Chenango, on account of such “ dead bores ” for 
Commissioners as he admits they are guilty of hav¬ 
ing. But in other counties, as well as in Living¬ 
ston, no such “ dead bores" are found enjoying this 
office. No licences are granted upon a mere “recom¬ 
mend.” Commissioners here find no time to dream 
away precious, fleeting hours, but spend it in visit¬ 
ing, directing, lecturing—and, in fine, encouraging 
all connected in this grand common school drama, 
the people extending to them the right-hand of 
fellowship, and bidding them God-speed in so good 
a W 01 'k. Livingston. 
Lima, N. Y., 1858. 
Earn your own bread, and see how sweet it will 
he! Work, and see how well you will be!— 
Work, and see how cheerful you will be! Work, 
and see how independent you will be! Work, and 
see how happy y 0ur family will be! Work, and see 
how religions you will be! for, before you know 
where you are, instead of repining at Providence, 
you will find yourself offering up thanks for all the 
numerous blessings you enjoy. 
Written for Moore’s Knral New-Yorker 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL-TEACHING IN TEXAS. 
Sincr my humble communication to the Rural 
of the 22d of August last, I have received sundry 
notes of inquiry from various gentlemen at the 
North, relative to school-teaching. To save, there¬ 
fore, the trouble and time of questions and answers, 
I will communicate through your columns. 
My experience in teaching in the South, em¬ 
braces about eleven years —six in Mississippi and 
Louisiana, and five in Texas. The District system 
has been somewhat adopted in this State for the 
past three years, though, as a general thing, Com¬ 
mon Schools are still made up by subscription._f 
From $1 50 to $2 a scholar per month is customary 
for common country schools, and its rather a poor 
neighborhood that cannot count 25 pupils. (Board¬ 
ing can be had at prices from $5 to $8 per month.) 
Though very much depends upon the reputation, 
skill, and the tact of the teacher, they are not over 
anxious in the South to patronize a school till they 
become a little acquainted, for the reason they I 
have been so often imposed upon by “Master Ig- I 
normous.” Especially do they look with rather a j 
suspicious eye upon all Yankees, right “ green [ 
from the North.” ° i 
I recollect very well of commencing once a [ 
school in the flourishing and wealthy little [ 
village of Clinton, Louisiana. Being a stranger, 
I could only get one subscribed scholar, though 
several more promised to send soon. At the j 
close of my first quarter I numbered 20 pupils; f 
the second quarter 38, at $3 per month. I contin¬ 
ued to teach there six quarters —18 months — my | 
expenses for boarding, room-rent, and fuel, was $30 
per month. My last school I taught in Dallas Co., 
Texas. The neighborhood had gained rather a 
celebrity for their schools of short duration, and 
for being easily “broken up.” My wife taught 
with me. Our first session (of 5 months,) number¬ 
ed G3 pupils. During the vacation the house was 
enlarged for the benefit of the Female Department. 
The second session we had 111 —and the third (a 
10 months’ term,) we numbered 115 pupils. I would 
not wish to make the impression, however, that we 
had that number regularly , but rather “off and on” 
during the term. I charged only for time sent._ 
Terms, $1 50 per month. My wife taught one ses¬ 
sion in Navarro county, in this State, separate and 
distinct from me; had 30 regular pupils, at $2 per 
month. 
Here let me say one word to all those desirous 
of coming South to teach. If you have a compan¬ 
ion capable of teaching with you, come on. But 
if not, get that better half, the first thing you do. 
I tried it alone for six years, and then had to go 
back to the Empire State, for that which was lack¬ 
ing to make out a perfect “team” at the business. 
1 wish to hold out no false colors, nor to present 
any undue inducements, for a great many who 
come to this country do not succeed according to 
their expectations, become disheartened and re¬ 
turn ; but I think that, on an average, a single man, j 
qualified to teach the various English branches, 
may safely expect to realize from $30 to $10 per 
month. And one equipped with that better half 
will do much better. Classic, teachers also, will 
generally find ready employ in most of our towns 
and villages. I am now retired from the “peda¬ 
gogue profession” and do not expect to engage in 
it more —too many “little responsibities” of my 
own to manage now, but my latch-string hangs out¬ 
side and what little I can do for the craft, I will 
ever do cheerfully. Edwin Finch. 
Milford, Ellis Co., Texas, Feb. 15, 1858. 
MARSHALL P. WILPPH 
THE EDUCATION OF LABOR. 
Some parents are strict to require daily physical 
exercise of their children before and after school, 
in the way of labor. To this course son^e are 
prompted by necessity, and others by principle.— 
Their children are required each day to perform a 
given amount of work. This is, in particular, true 
of farmers, and of others in rural districts. And if 
the labor be appropriated in kind and amount, the 
value of this practice cannot be over estimated._ 
Every child should be carefully practiced in some 
needful industrial employment. No other educa¬ 
tion is more important Work is the great law to 
which God and Nature bind us. As a preventer of 
evil, and as a producer of good, there is nothing 
in all the world like industry; like hard work. Our 
children better be reared in ignorance of books 
than in ignorance of all kinds of productive indus¬ 
try. This truth applies to the children of the 
wealthy, as well as to all others; for all men and 
women, not invalids, who do not by their own 
efforts earn their own living, are worth less than 
they cost. 
Some one has said that “an idle man’s brain is 
the devil’s workshop.” If this idea be correct, he 
has little reason to be proud of his quarters; and 
perhaps justice would require that some allowance 
on this account be made, in passing judgment on 
the quality of the work he turns out. 
But seriously, do not the highest and dearest 
interests of society demand that in the school, as 
well as in the family, the idea should be made 
prominent, that labor is alike needful and honora¬ 
ble for all? What greater calamity could befall the 
world than to have our youth educated to look 
upon work, daily work, hard work, as unbecoming 
ladies and gentlemen? The ancient custom that 
every boy should “learn a trade,” and qualify him¬ 
self to gain by manual labor and honest and honor¬ 
able livelihood, it might be well to reestablish._ 
Ohio State School Commissioner 1 s Report. 
Colleges in the United States. — By the an¬ 
nual statement just printed, it appears that in forty 
seven colleges of the land there arc 8,540 students 
of whom 3,082 are professors of religion. There 
were during the last year 429 hopeful conversions. 
There were 387 who intend to become ministers._ 
According to the fullest report we have ever seen, 
there were 122 Colleges in the United States, of 
113 are Protestant, and 9 are Roman Catholic. Of 
the Protestant Colleges 1G are controlled by the 
Baptist, 13 by Methodists, 8 by Episcopalians, some 
11 by the Congregationalists, 2 by the Unitarians 
and one by the Universalists, and the remainder 
by the various branches of the Presbyterians. Of 
all the Colleges, 15, or about one-eighth of the 
whole are situated in New England. The Free 
States have G5 of the colleges, and the Slave 
States 57. 
The biographies of those who become entitled 
to honorable distinction for labors and sacrifices 
promotive of the welfare of their fellow men and 
the public weal, and whose example is therefore 
eminently worthy of emulation, should be written 
and published to the world in their own day and 
generation,—for it is never too early to accord 
proper credit and reward to superior merit, espe 
cially when others may thereby receive an incentive 
to earnest and influential action toward the accom¬ 
plishment of noble and patriotic objects. Indeed 
one of the most striking and distinguishing char¬ 
acteristics ot the intellectual progress and enter¬ 
prise of this age of the Steam Press and its adjuncts, 
as contrasted with the comparatively dark ages of 
the past, is manifested in the fact that now the men 
who possess superior talents, gifted minds, and 
whose action is directed to the achievement of wise 
and noble purposes, thus entitling them to marked 
distinction, become widely known, honored and 
distinguished while living—that the world does not 
tardily withhold a just meed of praise until its best 
and most useful men are laid in their tombs, but 
speedily recognizes and honors their efforts and 
achievements. Hence it is that men of merit in 
all the professions and ranks of life, become, while 
yet in the full possession of their mental and phy 
sical powers, men of mark and distinction. And 
this, though perhaps liable to abuse in some 
instances, is eminently right and just, and a natural 
result of our progressive intelligence and civiliza¬ 
tion. The Press communicates to the People the 
early and exemplary history, worthy deeds and 
prominent characteristics of those most entitled to 
honorable mention and grateful remembrance._ 
To day it chronicles the meritorious acts, and per¬ 
haps gives a biographical sketch, of a yet active 
Statesman, Jurist or Divine—to-morrow the Man 
of Letters or Science, or some Philanthropist or 
Hero is portrayed. Thus the people at large be¬ 
come familiar with the moststriking and interesting 
acts and incidents in the lives of men of note and 
distinction, while the young receive an invaluable 
lesson, and one which often incites them to imitate 
the good and wise deeds recounted. 
During the past eight years, as the volumes of 
this journal will attest, we have had the pleasure of 
portraying the features, and briefly sketching the 
history, of many of the most gifted and patriotic 
men of this Nation — a number of whom had not 
reached the meridian of their greatest activity and 
usefulness — and, God willing, we shall yet dis¬ 
charge a like pleasant duty in chronicling the 
merits of others who are daily becoming entitled 
to honorable and wide mention as public benefac¬ 
tors, and whose example is certainly worthy of 
imitation by the youth aud young men continually 
entering upon the arena of active life. One such 
duty we have the pleasure of performing this 
week, in portraying the features and briefly sketch¬ 
ing the life of one of the most influential, self- 
sacrificing, and hence meritorious friends and 
promoters of Agricultural and Horticultural Im¬ 
provement in America,—the Hon. Marshall P. 
Wilder. It may be proper to state, in this connec- 
I tion, that Mr. W. consented to our request to give 
j his portrait and biography with reluctance, yet in 
the same letter expresses a sentiment which does 
honor to his heart, and exhibits his strong love of 
Rural Pursuits and Rural Life, as follows:_« But I 
do love to be remembered in connection with that 
best of all temporal pursuits, to the promotion of 
which you are devoting your life,— and when my 
head shall be laid beneath the sods of the valley, if 
it can be said that ‘ There lies one who endeavored 
with honest pride to improve and adorn his Mother 
Earth,'' I shall feel that I have not lived in vain.” 
Marshall Pinckney Wilder was born September 
22d, 1798, in Iiindge, New Hampshire. He availed 
himself of the advantages of the district school and 
academy, and nearly completed his preparation for 
college, when his parents gave him the choice to 
continue his studies, enter the store of his father, 
or work on the farm. That love of Agriculture 
which has characterized him all through life, was 
shown at that early day, for, after mature delibera 
tion, he chose the latter. He was not long, how¬ 
ever, engaged in this favorite and peacefuHpursuit 
before his father’s business demanded his services, 
and after serving a regular apprenticeship, he was 
admitted as a partner. 
In 1825 he removed his business and his family 
to Boston, and soon became one of the most active, 
intelligent and honorable merchants of that great 
city. Of the opinion of the Boston people on this 
point, we have only to quote a single remark from 
an article in the Boston Atlas :—“ Mr. Wilder has 
for more than thirty years been one of those ‘solid 
men of Boston ’—we mean one of those enterpris- 
ing, public spirited and upright merchants, whose 
virtues have a practical existence, benefiting 
and ennobling the community of which they are 
j a large commission house, and at his private desk 
Mr. \Y. can be found at almost all business hours. 
Here we have more than once found him, busily at 
work, and surrounded with piles of books and 
pamphlets on Agricultural and Horticultural sub¬ 
jects. The visitor is sure of a kind and cordial 
reception, and is soon made to feel as much at 
home as if in his own dwelling. 
Mr. Wilder has held many civil and some mili¬ 
tary offices, and was once President of the Senate 
of Massachusetts,—but it is of Mr. W.’s labors for 
the advancement of Agriculture and Horticulture, 
that we design mainly to speak. In the early 
history of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 
we find him among the most active and useful of 
its members, and to his foresight and ability is this 
Society much indebted for its present proud posi¬ 
tion. He was its President for eight years, and 
during his administration its number of members, 
its library and funds increased, and its cotnmodi 
ous Horticultural Hall was erected. The Society 
is now worth $75,000 or more. 
No one took a more prominent part in the or¬ 
ganization of the National Society of Fruit Growers, 
now called the American Homological Society, 
and of which he was elected President at its first 
meeting in New York city, which office he continues 
to hold, although he has frequently tendered his 
resignation, which the members very wisely refused 
to accept, arid Mr. W., with his usual disinterested¬ 
ness and ability, continues to serve the Society 
well and faithfully. The next biennial meeting is 
to be held in New York city in September next, 
and whether Mr. W. can be induced to serve 
another term, remains to be seen. 
The prominent part which Mr. Wilder had been 
called to take in enterprises and associations for 
the promotion of Horticulture, well qualified him 
for a leader in efforts for the advancement of 
American Agriculture, and for several years past 
he has been zealously engaged in this work, at no 
small sacrifice of time and means. In this cause 
he commenced his efforts at home, by signing a call 
for a Convention of husbandmen in Dedham, which 
resulted in the organization of the Norfolk County 
Agricultural Society, aud of which he was elected 
President, an office he still holds. At this time 
Mr. Wilder endeavored, by addresses, Ac., to arouse 
a more general interest on the subject of Agricul¬ 
tural improvement throughout the State of Massa¬ 
chusetts, and not without success, as appears by 
the appeals made in its behalf, the next winter, to 
the Agricultural Committee of the Legislature for 
governmental aid. Mr. Wilder was then President 
of the Senate, and presented the cause to the Leg¬ 
islature. A bill was passed authorizing the Gover¬ 
nor, with the concurrence of the Executive Council, 
to appoint a special Board of Commissioners to 
examine the subject, and to report to the next 
Legislature. Mr. Wilder was appointed Chairman 
of this Board, and the next year made an elabo¬ 
rate report, showing the advantages to European 
countries from their AgT Schools and Colleges. 
In 1851, Mr. Wilder, with others, called a con¬ 
vention of delegates from local agricultural socie¬ 
ties in the State, to meet them in the State House, 
in Boston, and of that body he was chosen Presi¬ 
dent This, with the preceding action, led to the 
creation of a permanent Board of Agriculture by 
the Lcgidature—sustaining a similar relation to this 
industrial art as the Board of Education does to 
the system of common instruction—having its own 
laws and secretary, aud constituting a coordinate 
branch of State government Of this Board he has 
been a member from the beginning, aud has taken 
a prominent partin all its deliberations and actions. 
It has a department in the Capitol, (with a secretary, 
who superintends the farm connected with the State 
Reform School in Westborough,) and exerts a salu¬ 
tary influence upon the agriculture of the Com¬ 
monwealth, and promises to do still more for its 
advancement. 
Next he sought to extend this reformation 
through the country. He united with others in a 
call for a National Convention, composed of dele¬ 
gates from State Agricultural Societies, to meet in 
the city of Washington, on the 24th day of June, 
1851,— a call which was cheerfully responded to. 
The meeting was fully attended by persons from 
various parts of the country, and by members of 
Congress, the President of the United States and 
Heads of Departments, and resulted in the forma¬ 
tion of the United States Agricultural Society. At 
this convention Mr. Wilder was chosen President, 
and he was also elected President of the Society, to 
to which office he has been regularly re-elected for 
six years, but refused another election at the meet¬ 
ing in January last- To the untiring energy and 
ability of Mr. Wilder is this association largely in¬ 
debted for its progress and prosperity. 
Over the Norfolk County Agricultural Society, 
and the American Pomological Society, Mr. Wilder 
plomas of membership in most of the American 
and European Horticultural Societies, and is the 
Commissioner of Pomology for the Belgian Gov¬ 
ernment, in America. lie has, we believe, works 
in the course of preparation on his favorite arts, 
which promise to be of great value to the world.— 
Although his hairs aro silvered, he seems to be in 
the vigor of manhood,—the meridian of life—and 
we hope he may be spared for many years of use¬ 
ful labor. Long may it be before his sun shall de¬ 
cline, and when it sets may it go down shining 
in its strength. 
ORIENTAL PAINTING-No. LL 
The picture should be fastened to the glass with 
gum around the edge, to keep it from slipping, with 
the engraving next to the glass, and paint upon the 
opposite side of the glass. For the moss rose, I 
think that white ground work is the best It should 
be flake white, with a little crystal fluid. With a 
small sable brush trace around the engraving, but 
do not pass over the edge of the picture. Then, 
with a larger brush put on the balance of the 
ground work. It should be put on very thick so 
as not to be transparent Then put away from 
dust, until perfectly dry. Paint the leaves with 
verdigris, mixed as directed in No. 1. Different 
shades of green may be made by mixing yellow 
lake with verdigris. For the stems the same color 
may be used with the addition of a very little van- 
dyke brown. When all parts that are intended to 
be green have been painted, it should be permitted 
to dry before any other color is used, to keep the 
colors from running together. The flowers may 
next be painted. For deep red, use scarlet lake- 
arid lighter shades may be obtained by mixing yel¬ 
low lake. After all parts of the picture have been 
painted with colors corresponding with the copy, 
it should be left until perfectly dry. Then the out¬ 
lines of flowers, buds, leaves, Ac., and all the fibres 
should be traced with a small sable brush, dipped 
in asphaltum and turpentine, which should bo 
about one part of asphaltum to three parts of tur¬ 
pentine. Then place it in a frame, with glazed 
paper or tinsel behind to give the pearl appearance. 
Different pictures require different colors of paper, 
which will depend somewhat upon the choice and 
taste of the person painting. For the moss rose I 
used white glazed paper. I believe that I have 
given all the necessary directions, but if there 
should be anything which my young friends do not 
understand, I will, with pleasure try and explain 
it. As a compliment to the Rural, I should be 
pleased if all that may profit by the directions for 
the transfer or Oriental Painting, would send to 
Mr. Moore a specimen of their productions. I am 
preparing one, and will soon commence another, 
which I intend thus to dispose of, although living 
a long distance away. ' Will. 
Springfield, III., March, 1858. 
RAISING DUCKS AND GEESE. 
Will you, or any of your subscribers, inform me 
through your valuable paper the best method of 
raising ducks and geese, and confer a favor on a 
•Youno Agrioulturist, Portsmouth, N. II., 1858. 
Remarks. —This question seems to cover the 
whole ground, and one column would not contain 
all we might say on the subject of raising ducks 
and geese. We shall give only a few useful hints. 
One drake should be kept with about eight ducks. 
They commence laying in March, and continue 
about two months, and during that time produce a 
great number of eggs. Ducks generally lay early 
in the morning, aud they should be kept confined 
to the house until rather late, if necessary, to secure 
their eggs, as they will not seek a nest like fowls, 
but drop their eggs where most convenient, and 
thus many are lost. As the time for incubation 
approaches, they will often make their own nest in 
some by-place. If this is discovered, and the place 
is safe, it is well to allow the bird to raise her brood 
there, as if removed she will not be likely to take 
to another nest. 
Thirteen eggs are enough for a duck, and these 
should be the last laid. The time of incubation is 
about twenty-eight days. As the duck lays very 
many more eggs than she can hatch, a good plan 
is to set them under hens, as they make more care¬ 
ful mothers than ducks. The duck is so fond of 
water, and so desirous for aquatic sport after 
her long confinement in warming her young 
family into life, that she is very apt to take them 
to the water too soon, and in cold, unfavorable 
weather, they become chilled, and many die in 
consequence. All this is avoided by raising ducks 
nder hens, and we have raised many scores in 
this way without losing one. After a duck has 
hatched, it is well to confine her for about a week 
under a coop, until the young get strong enough 
to bear the water without danger. We give one 
of the very best forms for a coop, as the tight 
apartment at the end keeps them perfectly secure 
from attacks of rats or cats during the night A 
few auger holes must be made for ventilation_ 
The young ducks can be fed bread, cooked meal, Ac. 
members.” His firm is now Parker, Wilder A Co., still presides. lie has also been honored with di- 
jj 
J. ... ■ : : ; . 
Most of the remarks about care of the growing 
ducks will apply equally well to geese. A large 
goose can cover about fifteen eggs. The period 
required to hatch the eggs is the same as ducks. 
Water and feed should be placed near the gooso 
when setting, as their eggs will be apt to cool if 
they have to go far in search of refreshments. As 
the goslings do not hatch evenly, some coming out 
from twelve to twenty-four hours before others, it 
is well to remove them as fast as they break thro’ 
the shell, as the mother will sometimes leave the 
nest with the first two or three, leaving the more 
tardy part of the hrood uuhatched. Keep them in 
a basket lined with wool or flannel, and in a warm 
place, until all the eggs are hatched, when they 
should be returned to the mother. The second or 
third day after they are hatched, they may be let 
out after the dew is off the ground, if the weather 
is mild, but injury sometimes results from exposure 
to the hot sun of noon-day. 
