ngiWJiF 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
we did not know it was ever fed him. Who knows 
about beans for horses? We should like to publish 
an interesting chapter from some one who ‘knows 
beans ’ in this relation.” This matter has puzzled 
a good many, and in the Rural of January 10th of 
the present year, in answer to a correspondent, also 
from Cook county, Illinois, we gave some facts on 
relation to the kind of beans spoken of in English 
Journals and market reports, and their common 
use. In England the horses eat dried beans, but 
the people don t- That peculiarly American dish, 
“pork and beans,” is unknown in England, or at 
least was a few years ago. Ripe beans are not 
used in any form as human food, that we know of. 
But the most stimulating and nutritive food given 
to horses is beans. They take the place of oats 
in very cold weather, or when an extraordinary 
ter liming are not only larger, but sounder and 
more healthy. It improves the produce and the 
quality of grass lands renders the turnip bulkier 
and freer from disease, and gives more abundant 
crops of wheat and barley. To prove these posi¬ 
tions, a number of experiments are given. Sir 
Charles Monteith grew potatoes on a peaty soil, 
part dunged and part dressed with lime. The po¬ 
tatoes grown on the dunged part were found to be 
watery and hollow in the heart; on the limed part 
they were of a good quality. 
Joseph Gilray, a Devonshire farmer, writes thus 
to tire Agricultural Journal—“I ordinarily apply 8 
to 10 tuns per acre. On one occasion I had put 10 
tuns per acre on four acres of a five acre field (and 
on the remaining acre a considerably larger quan¬ 
tity was applied by accident.) The wheat crop on 
that aere was three bushels an acre the better, for 
that heavier dressing; the grass and clover seeds 
which followed it were better for it, and to-day, (six 
years afterwards,) the field being pastured ever 
since, the difference may be seen between the one 
and the four acres.” Abundance of testimony is 
brought, to show the benefit of lime on heaths and 
on peaty soil. On the better soils the benefit is not 
as apparent. Lime is much used in some of our 
Southern States. Tn the Middle and Western State* 
v e presume not one farmer in a thousand ever tried 
a bushel. We know, however, some excellent far¬ 
mers in Western New York who would say as much 
in praise of lime as any English agriculturist.' 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AgricHltural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
WITH AN ABUS COUPS OP ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be xnsnrpassed in 
Talus, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique and 
>eautifn] in Appearance Its Conductor dcrotes his personal atten¬ 
tion to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly labors 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Gnide on the important 
Practical Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and 
News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, 
fcan any other journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultu¬ 
ral Literary and Family Journal in America 
£37“ Afi communications, and business letters, should be addressed 
to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
considered tne richest horse-food known. These 
horse beans, however, are different from any beans 
grown in this country, and belong to another class, 
the peculiarities of which are strongly marked and 
well defined, and are known in England as Field 
Beans. The smallest of this class is the Common 
English Horse Bean, (fig. 1,) and the largest the 
Broad Windsor Bean, (fig. 5.) They are of a light 
biownish, or drab color, not as hard and flinty as 
our white beans, and are sometimes eaten by 
horses whole, though we have usually seen them 
fed ground, or rather bruised. They are strong in 
flavor, and we should think entirely unfit for 
human food, when ripe. 
: —=r- 
1ROADOAST SOWER 
BEAN culture. 
• v crop is justly entitled to more promi¬ 
nent nmong field crops than it is Accustomed to 
' vc. As an article of diet It is very nutritions 
bavmg 92 per cent- of nutritions matter-wheat 
,1!W but 85, barley 82, rye 80, and corn 70 per cent of 
nutriment. 
A few men in this YW n jt y have, for eomo y ean , 
past, devoted a largo space on their farms to this 
valuable crop. Mr.’ Osman DcIup, of New Haven 
vt sold the crop from 13 acres last Reason for $7oo’ 
and In addition reserved abont 50 bushels, which 
were worth, at his door, $2 per bushel From -are. 
fully prepared statements furnished by this gentle 
man we learn the following facts. 
In this section (lat 44°) the crop . 
planted from the 20th of May to the 1st f 1 ■■■. .... 
Rows 2^ feet by 1 foot apart—three be.'us on« • • 
to the hill. The most valuable bean in marl e 
the Marrowfat—a large round bean. [I; Marrow 
fat is known in this section as the White Mountain 
Bush bean.—E d.] One bushel plants about onr 
acre. The next best variety is the Pea Bt.in— 1 
small, round bean, like a pea. Three pecks of > hi, 
in Boston! 
We give engravings of fonr of the best varietic 1 
of Horse Beans, and two varieties that are used for 
the table when green, as Lima 'leans are is oil :u 
this country. 
. ” “ ” 1U D ® eas y still further to increase the 
food, which will admit of another addition to the 
stock. In this way the land can be brought to the 
highest state of culture, and made to support a 
very large amount of stock. Of the ability of the 
soil to maintain a large amount of stock, several 
examples are given,—we select but one. Mr. 
Littlebalk, of Seacombe, maintains 83 milch cows 
of the large Yorkshire breed, and 15 farm horses, 
on 104 acres. The author, the Rev. W. H. Bekvor[ 
says that while three acres of Italian Rye-grass has 
furnished the entire summer food of six work 
horses and five oxen, besides furnishing a bite for 
the cows twice a day when they were brought to 
be milked; in the same neiuhhorhnnri nr, /now-* 
1. The Tick, or English Horse Bean, being the 
common horse bean of England, and the most 
generally cultivated. 
2. Scotch, or Horse Bean, the variety almost ex¬ 
clusively grown in Scotland, and somewhat culti¬ 
vated in England. 
3. The Heligoland Bean, a favorite sort, particu¬ 
larly on rich soils and in late districts, as it is early, 
! hardy, and shorter-strawed than the other sorts, 
which on rich soils are apt to run too much to straw. 
4. The Winter Bean is the hardiest of all field 
beans, and is often sown in the fall and harvested 
in July. It is not injured by frost in ordinary sea¬ 
sons, in some parts of England, Ireland and Scotland. 
5. The Windsor Bean, sometimes called the 
Broad Windsor, is the most popular bean in Eng¬ 
land, and is the largest of the class. In its season 
it is found in every garden and market in the 
United Kingdom, and “ beans and bacon' 1 ' 1 becomes a 
kind plants one acre. Each kind bring; 
market, about $2 nett. The Marrowfats ripe: 
about the 1st of September. They .hould 1 
pulled when about half of the pods in the hill cd 
are ripe. Plant with a planter. Hoe them whe.-j 
fairly up. The second hoeing is done v ith a cult 1 
vator; after which from 100 lbs. to 125 lbs. of plai 
ter to the acre should be sown broadcast over tbt 
field. This done, you wait in hope for the harvest* 
Securing the Grot.— The method of securing 
is all important. It is done in the following man, 
ner:—A sufficient number of stakes, from 5 to (i 
feet in length, (usually split out>f inch pin 1 
boards and shaved smooth, lest the vine should catch, 
upon slivers and prevent ease in 
brought to the field. 
summer 
illorsei 
Cuvrs. 
nminim 01 work in the same time. Its construc¬ 
tion is simple, being merely a Rnck, with a l opper 
at the bottom, under which is a revolving cylinder, 
turned by means of a crank, with arms or tubes 
throngh which the grain passes, it, being thrown 
out by centrifugal force. The width of spacewn 
depends upon the specific gravity of grain fhe 
quantity is regulated by A slide, and can be chs 7 - 
ed ,n 11 moment- The machine is made of heavy 
fin, and can he repaired by any mechanic (hat 
branch of business.” 
Our engraving will give a very good Idea of ♦his 
machine and the way in which It is H. The 
cost 13 only $7, and we recommend It t< n otico 
of farmers generally. 
acre or good land will maintain 
do. da 
t)°- do. do. 
■*'0* da do. 
acre of good average land wifi 
■* 'O* do. do. 
Do. do. do. , 
acre of poor land wifi maintain 
Do. do. do. 
ursr, Dut witn a little practice and perseverance, 
the stranger soon gets so that he can pronounce 
them good. 
6. Green Windsor differs from the latter in re¬ 
taining their green color when ripe, being smaller, 
and some think a little higher flavored. 
Our hot climate is unfavorable to the growth of 
this class of beaus, and our corn crop makes them 
of less value than in countries where corn will not 
grow. Under very favorable seasons and circum¬ 
stances, we might succeed in growing a crop._ 
With us, however, they always degenerate, growing 
smaller every year, until the Windsor becomes less 
than the Horse Bean. 
LIME AS A MANURE. 
At a recent meeting of the farmers of Chester, 
England, one of the most intelligent men in that 
county stated that lime on pastures was of no avail, 
and called upon his brother farmers present to cor¬ 
roborate or refute the statement. This appeal was 
met by a universal assent, every one reiterating the 
statement made that lime was of no use on their 
pastures. 
This action of the farmers of Chester has aroused 
the Agriculturists and Agricultural writers all over 
the country, who are taking up the pen valiantly in 
defence of this mineral manure. As one urnof of 
pitching,) are 
A stake is driven into the 
ground; a few stones are laid around the stake or, 
if these are not at hand, two billets of stove wood 
answer the same purpose. Pull and pile arou, a 
the stake, being careful to make the stack smat 
at the hotUm, that the air can have better acces • 0 
do. its work. In common seasons, this done, you c.>a 
patiently wait, until they are cured and rea< 
haul to the barn. In an unusually wet season, it 
will be necessary to raise them off (by layers) from 
the pole and put them around another pole,—in 
other words, re-stack them. 
Threshing.— The beans must not become too 
dry before they are threshed lest they split under 
the flail. The first, second, and succeeding floor¬ 
ings, should not he removed, hut allowed to i emain 
until some 75 or 80 bushels accumulate. Then 
shove up to one side of the floor, and run them 
through a mill—next pass them through a screen. 
The reason for allowing so many bushels to accu- j 
mulate before removal, is, that the beans are less ; 
liable to split, which materially injures their sale i 
in market. 
Time for Marketing. — An early market is 
usually best; hence, as soon as hauled to the barn, 
let them be threshed, and if there is a mixture of 
colored—injured beans—they should be taken out 
by hand, and kept at home to feed to sheep. This 
job i3 usually done by boys and emigrant women, 
and costs only a few cents per bushel, but enhances 
the price in market about 25 cents. 
Beans are sold by weight, G4 fts. for a bushel. As 
dry beans weigh most, it is best that they be thor¬ 
oughly dried before barreling them. Flour barrels 
are used, and can he bought of second hands from 
-uimg me winter each of my cows upon an ave¬ 
rage consumes daily 16 lbs. hay and 40 lbs. roots.— 
Lpon their roots they have a sprinkling of bran, 
'-•can, barley, or oatmeal; sometimes in lieu there- 
0 ^ daily of oil-cake. Upon this keep they 
average, now Feb. 2Gth, G to 7 fcs. of butter each 
Per week, having calved in December, January and 
February, although several are far more aged than 
u is advisable to keep them, being 11 to 12 years of 
age, one yielding 9 8>s. herself. They are besides in 
Pnme condition, being half ready for the butcher. 
ej are turned out for some hours daily on a very 
a.c pasture, and have water before them in their 
stalls. My horses work hard, and are in excellent 
eondumn, upon an allowance for the 24 hours of 
ruv it ! ° atS ’ 2 ^ s ‘ k ran > chaff l wheat straw to £ hay J 
~ s ') addition they have 3 or 4 turnip bulbs 
heavy turf, the older the better. Plow not less than 
eight inches deep, and deeper if it does not bring 
up more than one inch of the subsoil. Put on at 
least forty loads of manure to the acre, and more 
if you have it, reserving a part for the hill, unless 
you use some concentrated fertilizer.” 
If you were not reminded of the following story 
by this wise advice, I am sure that it was only for 
the reason, that, unlike editors generally’, you are 
not omniscient, and never chanced to peruse it. 
A caravan was once bewildered in the desolate 
waste of an immense desert, and after long wan- 
dering, reduced to a famishing condition. While 
in their worst extremity a vulture came flying one 
day in their neighborhood, and poising in the air 
over their heads, astonished them greatly by his 
miraculous power of human speech. 
“Why do you famish?” asked the vulture. “If 
you will take fine flour, and mix it with goat’s milk, 
and flavor it with the delicate spices of the East, 
you may produce cakes worthy to set before the 
Caliph. If you take the round haunch of a fat 
premium crops, for gazelle, and roast it before the fire, and eat there- 
3 yield of the most from, it will make your eyes stand out with fatness, 
ed States. It runs If you take water from a cool spring, and squeeze 
rong loam, with a into it the ripe juice of an orange, you may cool 
RAISING INDIAN CORN. 
