MAY 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AN1) FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
fritT* pupils, and their only back is the cold, damp wall, 
wii'M'V 4-141 > AI/WV’punctured, very frequently, with numerous crevices 
- through which the wind in winter whistles many a 
Writer, o mournful tune, and sends many a shiver to delicate 
rrnUPTVr« TV nrsTnor v I frames. In the centre of the room a large box- 
uRUlilAliA LY HIM UUI. AO. 1. stove, closely packed with wood, fumes and roars, 
p,,.,_. . ,. , .“ 7~ , x ,. sending forth sheets of impurely heated air to bat- 
Every period in history has some event standing *1 ... ,, , , 
. . r-nv^e r 8 tie with the colder atmosphere near the walls— 
out in relief from every other, as chief in import- *+„„ ,, , 1 , , ,, „ 
. rru,-„ • , * Nearer the stove are the seats for the small pupils; 
ance. This circumstance is a great advantage to , ., „ x , ,, , 
+l» «tnripn+ rnu. m . o( , . . and on one side of the room the “teacher’s desk” 
the student. ihe most effectual way to impress - . • , . ,. 
historical truth upon the memory, is tofix this cen- The wainscot is covered 
tral thought firmly in the mind. It will be a nn- ° a g /f -f’ f C 7® d i ? V 
cleus around which lesser events will gather them- that the J a ck-knife that universal Yankee imple- j 
selves. Thus, each period will constitute a regular ™ nU ~ ha * ldle ' Everything around wears 
system which the mind easily comprehends. His- °I T* i , ° r ' 
tory needs to be arranged, else it will be almost 7 18 1 } ^ And t0 SU ° b a plaCG 88 
naoipQq n a + 00 t s>> this—and sometimes a far worse one—are sent the 
member-W wo I dry statistics we can not re- children 0 f intelligent, and even wealthy parents- 
unavailable and chant •’ ^ W °n v” 7 P ro J e . an parents who would resent an insinuation that their 
un&Y&n&oi© and chaotic mass. But bv association i *i i , __ 
„ nrVn „ , , 0 -7 ,, , y association children were not well cared for. No wonder that 
our knowledge arranges itself in beautiful order x. * ,, u . , 
tssvria. c„ a „; - „ leauuiui oraer. hard coldg) resu i tln g m croup and fevers are con- 
SheM h :°^,r.o^ irJz ,rac r“ pi r »'r h ,,nOTM *° 
time, these were powerfel nations, bat there w„ ”“ d " ““ * he . ct,ld ' ( s , m "> d . ’* ”» l ''"f' 1 ’ or ‘ J 
„i„ OTa n _. , , w s his taste for the beautiful not increased, when con- 
e ToZ T", f‘° ry “ d ab r ““‘V '■> .lew of such aacoath snrronnllings. 
of bower or rather thlr. 't™ 1H a H reA er equality Teacher, also suffer much inconvenience, and 
or power, or iatner there are a greater number of , , - , „ 
powerful nations how than at any former period ^7"® for want of P ro P or 
Taking everything into u ‘ accommodations. The school-room is frequently 
. 
Taking everything into consideration it would be 
hard to tell which is the greatest. 
small, and the scholars must of necessity be crowd¬ 
ed together; and thus a greater degree of watch- 
grz 
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 
t .. -to CHBISTOFHER OOLWMUU^ ' 
reign of Ei izahetii N ttl 1 Man Y of our districts have a morbid fear of 
in that constellation .1 7 7 umin0as ° arae3 school expenses. Our people have so long enjoyed Christopher Coutmiuts was born at Genoa about | sioned fleet, for the New World bearing honors and 
Brahe The reign of W Trr U9 and Tycue the advantages of our noble school fund, that they 1435-36. But little is known of his early life, save titles with him. He was made “Governor of all 
that of’Louis XIV and tb!7n l T®, US °\ do not appreciate it Were they deprived of it for that he was remarkable for his studies—chiefly of countries he had discovered or might discover, and 
Fiance to reduce England to « tv T ? mpts of a fevv Y ear? + we tNink they would know better how a maritime character-and those great adventures with unlimited powers to make and administer 
Europe Great names are li v nrd m to value it But well supplied as they are with of which Providence made him the principal laws, form governments, erect cities, &o.” He 
Locke and Newton among nhiinlniT q- w * pnbli ° Ia ° ney ’ !t 8eemS t0 ua that the people in an ^ agGDt and m ° viDg spirit His maritime career rea <*ed the place of his destination after a pleas- 
iiam Temple Hai ifax Sunt P “ feir WlL ' district can well afford to build and furnish a good commenced in 1459, when he set out on a naval ant voyage, and began to carry out the plans he 
MarLboroith among ’+ atno NBy 8nd sellool - h ouse at their own expense. expedition, under John of Anjou, to recover the had so long and so fondly cherished. But his star 
Luxemburg among soldiers q™ cn0M1!nRO and is to be hoped that there will be a general Kingdom of Naples. For many years after this had passed its zenith. The seeds of faction were 
totsov miri ’ . . [' I ‘ IKOFL , E f r ’ Til ' awakening among tho people, on the subject of period, the traces of his career are faint, although with him—they speedily germinated and rinened 
alone and unrivalWl V ^ m '7 erH ’ 3nd Milt . on ’ school-houses, ere long. Why are we so fearful of it is evident that his life passed through a succes- into bitter fruit Intrigues at court, and treachery 
upon the mind ' r come eroding expending a few dollars for educational purposes, sion of naval or other maritime pursuits. in his own quarters,-made his life a continued 
Thomson Young’ GkTy 7 ITH rccalls Addison » when we are so lavish of money for trifling orna- His sagacious mind led him to believe that struggle—a scene of strife and discomfort—and he 
’. 01I><S0N and Cowper.— ments? Hid parents know the many evils inciden- other lands lay far off toward the setting sun, returned to Spain, a prisoner to answer for his mis- 
liected Wa+prir i a +i 1CrS , aFG insepa ^ ahI Y con * tal to a poor, ill-furnished school-room, we think and he resolved to prove to the world that he was demeanors, rather than a conqueror to reap new 
”hteJhtataLu^™r 0 r* 1 ? 1 Z , "°" rd the, would not be slow in removing them. Let correct. Full of thi, pnrpose, he sought the aid honor.. 
Iters it pxnltingl v rcme m- teachers then strive to awaken an interest in these of powerful courts—for the earthly patrimony of Again do we find him making a voyage to the 
name of Wfh ,vV T oy lth 16 7^ matters - araon « I )arents ’ and the result will cer- Columbus was very small, he was classed among “Great West,” but it was only to be looked upon 
the mournful occasion 0 f the 7+° Tt^^+n 8 tam ' y b ° beneficiaL — a J - W - in Common School thatlarge majority of the human family, the poor— with suspicion, and to he treated with contumely. 
struggle of Napoleon’s ambition. Washington - f r ^ app,yi “ g . to ^ throne of Portugal, and then After a vain attempt to regaih his power, he re- 
and his Generals! How dear is their memory to EDUCATION OF THE CIVIL FATHERS. to that of Spain. After encountering the fiercest turned to Spam to seek redress at the foot of the 
every American heart-their names awaken l -- opposition, and passing through many years of throne. But alas! his “guardianangel,” Isabella, 
deathless interest-GATES Green Lincoln Sulii 1*>ok at 4he relation of these self-educated minds strn gg le and disappointment, he secured the patro- was dead, and Ferimnand was guilty of the mean- 
van, Wayne, Morgan and La Fayfttb. ’ ‘ to the institutions of ouKcountry We say self- nage of 1,ERI)INAND and Isabella, who fitted him est duplicity and basest ingratitude. Professing 
_ “I ... , _ .. .1 rmf. with n Hfinn+lrnn nf +>.vno ™,oll _ f.. Pe, n ..-i__ t_. ^ . 
. - -1-- - UUUJV Ul 
the mournful occasion of the last mighty death- Journal 
struggle of Napoleon's ambition. Washington 
and his Generals! How dear is their memory to ^lYU 
every American heart —their names awaken a 
EDUCATION OF THE CIVIL FATHERS. 
SKETCH OF LUTHER. 
HOME DIFFICULTIES. 
then be familiar names, perhaps not One thing is uuve gi ‘ UCI Y> uie “uuuey au 
certain. In the end deeds of benevolence and vir- found ations deep down to the eternal rock.” 
tue live longest Acts that are really a benefit to 
the world make the deepest impression. Ye who 
Be Patient with the Little Ones.—T he pro- 
Minebva Osborne. 
SCHOOL-HOUSES. 
and see!” For all moral qualities, good temper, 
truth, kindliness, and above all, conscientiousness, 
if these are deficient in the mistress, it is idle to 
History in Words. — The history of words is 
pi ess swiftly onward in learning’s pathway, unmind- School Journal. 
ful of cold or storm. _ 
in the autumn season, he breaks forth into living from Damascus; “arras,” from the city of the same 
wonder at the field of corn. “ How it stands there,” name; “ cordwine,” or “ cordoven,” from Cordova; 
he says, “erect on its beautiful taper stem, and “currants,” from Corinth; the “guinea,” that it 
ut if we look around through our own State, Bad State of Affairs in Indiana.—B y a de- he says, “erect on its beautiful taper stem, and “currants,” from Corinth; the “guinea,” that it 
7 s ^ aP bnd a large number of very poor cision of the Supreme Court of the State, all pro- bending its beautiful golden head with bread in it; was originally coined of gold brought from the 
sc ioo - ouses, and still more very ordinary ones, visions in town and city charters, for levying taxes, the bread of man sent to him another year.”— African coast so called; “camlet,” that it ivas 
any uildings are now standing, erected scores of for support of free schools, are declared unconsti- Such thoughts as these arenas little windows, woven, at least, in part of camel’s hair. Such has 
jeais ago by our grandfathers, who themselves tutionaL In New Albany—a flourishing town em- through which we gaze into the«interior of the been the manufacturing progress, that we now and 
iesi eu in open, low-roofed and inconvenient ploying 27 teachers—the schools have been closed, depths of Martin Luther’s soul, and see visible, then send calicoes and muslins to India and the 
ouses. Some of them have been partially remo- and the teachers disbanded. Other places are in across its tempests and clouds, a whole heayen of East, and yet the words give standing witness that 
c e , but they still retain the little, high windows, similar misfortune. We presume that provision light and love. He might have painted—he mjght we once imported these from thence; for “calico” 
an seats arranged round the sides, with desks in will be made at an early day to re-inaugurate the have sung—could have been beautifql Me Raphael, is from Calcut, and “ muslin” is from Mousul, a city 
rout These seats are designed for the larger system of free schools. great like Michael Angelo.— Carlyle. in Asiatic Turkey. 
deathless interest-GATES Green Lincoi n Sui i i 1x)OK aUhe Nation of these self-educated minds “ ,lu u,BU W’ ullumeuc > ne secured me patro- was ueau, ana r ekoinand was guilty ot the mean- 
van, Wayne, Morgan ami La Fayette ' ‘ to the institutions of oqp country We say self- nage of Fermnand and Isa1!E i-la, who fitted him est duplicity and basest ingratitude. Professing 
Who can tell the culminating point of the his educated : for schools, gcademies, and -colleges are out ™ th a squadron of three small vessels, carry- friendship for Columbus, he put him off with false 
tory of the nineteenth century?* Amiri a„„i but auxiliaries to the self-educator. They are of ln K ,n all one hundred an^/twenty poraens, among promises and evasions, until, worn and heart, 
array of important events, in loverZeJlTtJZ no use to the drone but to mark his indolence. - * h T wei ' e yanous I )rivaK adventurers. . wearied, me old mariner set salt upon the ^o«e 
tare, and in the world of invention an 1 ( U«VnvPrv Who but sucb self-improved men have presided in x After a Io , ng and perilona v °y a « e - in which the waves beat upon eternal shores. The grave gave 
who can point out the greatest? Who will be the the c0uncil8 of our country and guided her affairs? terrors of the Atlantic were among the smallest lnm a refuge and from earthly courts he took his 
hero of this age, when another century shall have 8amuel Adams . alw ays poor, graduated in 1740.— difficulties he had to encounter—his officers, crews, causa to the Court ot Heaven, 
completed its circle’ What noet>« strains will i John Hancock, always rich, in 1754. But the aQ d passengers being in constant fear and mutiny I ew men have led such a life of wild and glori- 
heard farthest down the dim aisles of the years’ ^ former was as incorruptible as the latter, and both T7 bC was Iaade Rlad and a11 dpubts anil difficulties ous adventure as the subject of our brief memoir,— 
What philosopher's teaching shin 7 were denounced as outlaws by the British Tory dissipated by the joyous cry of “ Land ho /” on the none ever exceeded him in tlifl exhibition of those 
,t halZof learn ^ Z.hZ % Adam, di,cn M ed ^ °' >-«■ O^. 102. manly yirtnrea which command .he admiration of 
generations’ What deed of h rim Tiff « Commencement, tho atari- la " d ? d ' "” d ^ in * he » f > h « "” Id - Pe»«vercnce, patience, and the 
g ns . hat deed of heroism will he oft- j. auestio _ whether it is lawful to resist the r °y al P atrons . amid the amazement of the naked power of endurance. Of obscure parentage, mon- 
enest repeated, and to whom will men pay rever- „ g 77 77*777 !*7. f^ ful t0 . rG f 19t thG savaues that crowded around received him in evless. friendless, he enmnelled in h +, L 
enceas the greatest LnefactoT of This UJ w magistrate, if the Commonwealth cannot otherwise ravages that crowded around an* received him in eyless, friendless, he compelled wealth to be his 
can not tell^amM such a hlatJn/lSt f ! be Preserved? The seeds of liberty were germi- 8imple 8mcent Y- Aftcr refreshing and resting his servant, and Kings to do homage to his genius— 
distinguish the lamns. Besides U 777 nati “U- Mighty spirits were they in that heroic age worn out band ’ he CEuised amon « th e islands (to Apparently insurmountable obstacles only stimu- 
the ancle of vision ?«+„! it ®V \ n ) 7 77 of the Republic. Thomas Jefferson preferred the wblcb he gave the name of West IndieB >) for 9ever - lated bis ener ^’ and - witb tbe clea r eyes of faith, 
view The nre-ent o-enern+i' ’ a gUGa IS . honor of being the founder of the University of months, and then,'on the 4th of January set sail he read success where others only saw despair, 
a ius’t View of +>„•« Le il l , n ° “7 ° bt T Virginia, to that of being the author of the Decla- for Spain * His return waa bailed as a triumph, and With unflinching perseverance and iron will, he 
w i.ld bv 8 ’ft’;?. ?, T G S6e hG Wh ° 6 rat >on of Independence. The civil fathers were ho wa9 treated with a . U the pomp and ceremony of fulfilled the prophecy of his soul, wreathing his 
lions wfll bend thf ir cl/e men wbo thou g ht 8tron g 1 y- aad acted energetically, a . mi g bt y conqueror. brow with laurels ever growing greener and fresher 
advantageous stand-nofHt TWp wilf 7777 bec ause their minds were trained to the contempla- - He 80011 8aiIed > witb a lar S er and better provi - as b ‘ 8 memory passes down the avenues of time. 
vored name or event by which our times^wiU be tion of great trutb «- tbe 8tud y of exalted princi- " ' . ~ - 
remembered. We talk of the age of Perici e* the ples ' Hl8tor y wa9 indeed to tbem Philosophy SKETCH OF LUTHER. HOME DIFFICULTIES. 
ace of Augustus and tha teaching by example, and they created a history - - 
Then men will talk of the ace of—_we ca tMl for their own country. Washington himself de- A coarse, rugged, plebeian face it was, with The house-mother has her difficulties, aye, be she 
who PariiHns ™t;7+ “ 7 signed the establishment of a National University, K reat crags of cheek bones — a wild amount of ever so gifted with that blessed quality of taking 
inc of the world's applause will 6r ’ ne 7 dieam and selected the square on which it was to be passionate energy and appetite! But in his dark them lightly and cheerfully. It is not pleasant for 
Fame is a freakish goddess 7 1 77 erected in the federal city, that is now occupied e y es were flood s of sorrow; and deepest melan- lazy ladies to get breakfast over at that regular 
smiles upon verv unexDecti’ng sil t p h ^ by the Department of the Interior. ’He bequeathed choly, sweetness and mystery, were all there. Often early hour which alone sets a household fairly 
she may whisper the names ofW e.HtT*' n p PS a portion of his estate for educational purposes, did there seem to meet in Luther the very opposite agoing for the day; nor for nnarithmetical ladies, 
perhaps of Niciioi \s* but iust 77 +7 Those men “ built wisely and skillfully, in such sort P oles in man ’ 8 character. He, for example, for who have always reckoned their accounts by six- 
will whisper of some silent thinker TTa ttl that after times might extend the stately front of wlK >m Richter had said that his words were half peaces, to put down each item, and persevere in 
world would never miss now Perhar T the tem P le of freedom, and enlarge its spacious battles > be > wben he first be 8 an to P reacb > 8uffer - balancing periodically, receipts and expenditures; 
Bryant Prescott Tennyson and 0*’ C0urt8 > and its stories arch above arch, gallery ed unheard agony. “Oh, Dr. Staupitz, Dr. Staupitz,” nor for weakly, nervous, self-engrossed ladies to 
then be familiar names perhaps not One th ' above gallery ’ to the beavens ; but tbe Y dug the said be to the Vicar-Generalofthis order, “I cannot rouse themselves sufficiently to put their house in 
A coarse, rugged, plebeian face it was, with The house-mother has her difficulties, aye, be she 
do it, I shall die in three months. Indeed I cannot order, and keep it so, not by occasional spasmodic 
do it” “ setting to rights,” but by a general methodical 
Dr. Staupitz, a wise and considerate maD, said overlooking of all that is going on therein. Yet, 
are courting the smiles of future fame bear this in cesses by which some children learn are very slow u P on this - “ wel] - Sir Mart ' ffi ’ if y° u must die > y° u Un ! GS8 aU thlS 18 done ’ U 18 m vain to insist 011 early 
mind. Minerva'Osborne. and tedious. What some will comprehend clearly must; but remember that they need good heads up rising, or grumble about waste, or lecture upon 
Butler, Wig., May, 1858. and readily can be understood by others only by Y onder to °- So P reach - man > P reach ’ and then oea 111688 ..cleanliness, and order. The servants get 
---- much patient effort. A few words of kindness and live or die aa jt happens.” So Luther preached to learn tbat “Missis is never in time!” and laugh 
SCHOOL-HOUSES. of encouragement, will, often, have a wonderful and lived, and he became, inde'ed, one great whirl- at b er complaints of their unpunctnality. They 
* - effect in “waking up” mind and inspiring confi- wind of energy, to work Vithout resting in this see no use in good management or avoidance of 
It might naturally be supposed in these days of dence; but a frown, or a harsh expression, will world, and also before he died he wrote very many waste:—“ Missis never knows about anything.”— 
improvement when our fair hills and valleys are have a most withering influence on some minds.— books—books in which the true man —for in the Sbe may lecture ’till she is weary about neatness 
dotted over with such warm, comfortable and even Therefore, treat the little ones kindly and tenderly midst of a11 the Y denounced and cursed, what and cleanlinessJust put your head into her room 
elegant churches and residences, that the school- and thus lore them into the paths of knowledge— touches of tenderness lay. Look at the Table Talk and see!” For all moral qualities, good temper, 
house—that place where minck are trained and If they have come into school possessing some un- for example. ^ truth, kindliness, and above all, conscientiousness, 
thoughts directed—would keep pace with other lovely and unloveable traits, it maybe owing to We see in it a little-bird, having alighted at snn- ’f these aie deficient in the mistress, it is idle to 
things. That it does not, as a general rule, we pre- wrong treatment out of the school-room. If such set on the bough of the pear tree that grew in Lu- expeot tbe m from servants, or children, or any 
sume will be conceded by alL There are, however, is the case, a course of uniform and persevering ther’s garden. Luther looked-upon it and said:— mem ers o t e family circle —A Woman s 
numerous creditable exceptions. Many commodi- kindness on your part, will win them over to better That little bird, how it covers its wings, and will houg its about Women. 
ous, well ventilated and well furnished school- ways and more pleasing habits. But it can not be sleep there, so still and fearless, though over it are 
oases have recently been erected. Their fair done in an hour nor in a day. It must be a slow the infinite starry spaces, and the great blue depths History in Words. — The history of words is 
" alls rise gracefully, and invite the seeker for process, and one which will tax your patience. — of immensity. Yet it fears not — it is at home. t be history of trade and commerce. Our very ap- 
knowledge to enter. And once within, surrounded But sow the seed faithfully and constantly. Indue The God that made it too, is there.” The same parel is a dictionary. We are told of the “ bayo- 
with comfort and neatness, and furnished with all time it will spring up and bear abundant and rich, gentle spirit of lyrical admiration is in the other net,” that it was first made in Bayonne; “cam- 
the appliances of study, he has naught to do but to fruit “Ye shall reap if ye faint not”— Conn, passage of his book. Coming home from Leipzic brics,” that they came from Cambray; “ damask,” 
pressswiftlvonward in learning’snath wav rnimind. SrhnnI Journal. f«^+V, .ir. from Tlnmasr-iw “ arras » +V/.m tU /,ii,,«Ni___ 
QUESTIONS FROM A BOY. 
Messrs. Eds.:—As your paper is the channel 
through which we receive information, I would be 
very thankful if yon would answer a few questions 
for me, and perhaps they will be of interest to 
others of your readers: 
1st Pears.—I have a very good kind of pear 
which is called the Sugar Pear here. Will you 
describe the Sugar Pear, so that I can tell if we 
are right? I gralted the Pell Pear on the stock of 
a small, sour pear, called Pucker Pear. The fruit 
all lotted at the core, on the tree, and last winter 
it died. It was not grafted at the ground, the 
stock being a tree before it was grafted. The 
limbs were grafted. Can you tell me why the fruit 
all rotted? 
2d. Will you give directions how to send speci¬ 
mens of apples, pears, &c., by mail, to you? 
3d. Evergreens. —Would you recommend the lied 
Cedar, or Spruce Pine ? It is said of the former 
that it iH the only evergreen that can be propagated 
by cuttings. Enclosed find specimens of it. 
4th. Locusts .—What is the superiority of the 
Yellout over the Common I.ocustsi 
5th. Quinces. —I saw it stated in your paper that 
Qainces could be propagated by cuttings. Can 
any besides the Angers1 
6 th. I never saw where it told how to feed fishes, 
&c., in Aquariums. Will you tell us how? 
Laceyrilie, N. Y., 1858. p, 
Remarks. —1. The true Sugar Pear is a very 
a early and very good French variety, 
J[ ripening by the 15th of July. It is 
1 / \ small, pyriform, (and to explain this 
/ ' ( term we give an engraving of this 
\ form.) When ripe it is of a bright 
\ lemon color. The Summer Pell is 
I very apt to rot at the core; indeed it 
l J will always do so if allowed to remain 
on the tree until ripe. Pick before 
Pyriform, quite ripe; keep them in the house 
and watch close, or you will lose them. 
2. Fruit cannot be sent by mail. 
3. It would depend on what use you wish to make 
of them. All good in their place, and a place for 
all. Many evergreens can he grown from cuttings, 
but this is a difficult business and should be left for 
the nurserymen, who have needed conveniences.— 
Amateurs can better employ their time and labor. 
4. There are several native varieties of Locust, aa 
the red, yellow and while, but most botanical writers 
consider them the same, the difference being pro¬ 
duced by difference of soil. The white is said to be 
the least durable, as timber. 
5. All quinces can be grown from cuttings, but 
they do not take root very readily, and are gene¬ 
rally grown from layers or stools. Quince plants 
are cut close to the ground when a number of 
shoots will start up. The earth is then thrown up 
so as to cover them for two or three inches from 
where they start from the old stock, when they 
throw out roots, each one forming a new plant 
6 . Small fish, if occasionally supplied with fresh 
rain water will not need much feeding. Indeed, we 
have seen them kept for more than a year without 
feed. They will eat pounded crackers, small in¬ 
sects, Ac. 
DESTROYING CATERPILLARS. 
Messrs. Editors: —I saw in the last Rural an 
article about Caterpillars, or the orchard worm. I 
therefore thought it my duty, being a Young 
Ruralist, to give my experience in the matter. In 
1852, in my father’s orchard, we discovered in the 
forepart of this month, (May,) a different worm 
from those we had been in the habit of seeing. 
After hatching, it did not web as the old ones did, 
but would feed on the leaves, and at certain times 
of day would gather in groups or bunches, like 
swarms of bees on the body of the trees. There 
was any amount of them. Not having any experi¬ 
ence in the matter at the time, we knew not 
how to manage them, and we tried all ways 
that we could devise to master them, hut all to no 
purpose. It was the bearing season^and the trees 
were set very full of apples. The worms stripped 
the orchard of apples, leaves, stems, and every 
green thingjthat was in their way. The manner in 
which we have saved our orchard since, is to be¬ 
gin early in the spring to break off the ends of 
limbs that contain the eggs, and burn them up 
before hatching; and after hatching, to make 
thorough work, it needs two, one to get up in the 
tree, the other to make discoveries from the ground. 
Let the one in the tree be careful not to disturb 
the worm until he gets in a position to take the 
flat of his hand and rub him to death. Sometimes 
we put on an old glove or mitten. As soon as they 
get so as to eat the leaves, yon can see the place 
where they are. This is the way we have managed 
since the first year, and our orchard has escaped 
mjury, although we found them in abundance 
every spring. G. F. Gould. 
Cambria Centre, 1858. 
THE HERBARIUM. 
One of the most entertaining, and at the same 
time, instructive amusements for the young, is the 
collection and preparation of flowers for the Herba¬ 
rium. The study of nature in any one of her va¬ 
rious forms, is always productive of good results. 
That is a pleasant theory, the truthfulness of which 
is corroborated by universal experience, which 
teaches that the love of nature, and the love of 
God, seldom fail to go hand in hand. 
Especially is the study of Botany calculated to 
lead the youthful mind from “nature up to nature’s 
God,” for combining, as it does, with its abstract 
truths, interest and beauty, it gratifies not only the 
wish for knowledge, but also the desire, common 
to us all, for the lovely and graceful; and it would 
indeed be strange, if, with the growing love for 
flowers, the free aspiring intellect of youth, should 
fail to read in the “ Alphabet of angels,” the power 
and goodness of their divine Creator. 
Now, as spring is approaching, perhaps some of 
our Young Ruralists would like to know the best 
way to preserve the natural appearance of flowers 
for the Herbarium. I have seen but one Herbarium 
which realized my ideal of what one should be, and 
unfortunately, I failed to learn the modus operandi 
which secured this desirable perfection. 
Who will tell us the best way to preserve the 
natural appearance of flowers for the Herbarium? 
Hastings, N. Y., 1858. Rosblia. 
