lisll 
*Jpp 
WHjBWB MBE re ^4 •• -||R. 1 ? 
■ ® 
|ggS 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
YOL. IX. NO. n.\ 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
XX ORIGINAL -WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONBUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
“PROGRESS ANT) IMPROVEMENT.’ 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.,—SATURDAY, MAY 29, 1858. 
I WHOLE NO. T38. 
difficulties that have so often attended the Ameri- tree was staked, and caref'illy wound with straw to 
can farmer in the culture of this crop, and of roots prevent injury to the hark, and properly pruned 
generally, might all be avoided by the attainment and mulched. The young apple orchord looked as 
of a right condition of both soil and germ, and all vigorous as we could desire. The raspberries, and 
fears and doubts, as respects the general character strawberries, and currants, and grapes, all gave 
of this seed for vitality been dispelled. evidence of the best of treatment—not a poor, 
with an able corps of assistant editors. * k * 8 8eed ^ or vitality been dispelled. evidence of the best of treatment — not a poor, 
--- ’ The seed is generally “dibbled in”—an old sickly tree or plant, or a weed was to be seen. The 
Th* Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in spade, cut off and pointed, being the instrument proprietor was so well pleased with himself and 
for performing the task. In the Bran for AprU, hi. that we hii-onlj to li.ten to th. 
Son to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly inbors . 7 > we gave a brief description of a simple ma- details of liis practice. 'How this tree was struck 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the important chine for expediting this labor, and knowing of with blight, and saved by pruning and extra care; 
Practical Seientiflc and otiier Subjects intimately connected with the nothing better—which can be so readily obtained another was a crooked thing when planted, so poor 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. It enihrueeq , vao , , 0 * J *■ 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific Educational, Literary and d 1 80 ltt,e expense —we re-publish it for the that the nurseryman threw it out as worthless, 
News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, benefit of those who might desire to construct one. when filling an order, and now it was one of the 
than any other journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultu- A wooden wheel, eighteen inches to two feet in di- finest on the place. While listening to this, we 
RAL Iuterart ard Family Jourisal in A merica ameter, and^two or three inches in width, is made, observed that the grounds were surrounded with 
lir AH communications, and business letters,should be addressed and P eg8 inserted the distance at which it is Osage Orange plants, that had been designed for a 
to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. y. thought desirable to deposit the seed. This is fur- hedge. We should think they had been planted 
for terms and other particulars, see lust page. nished with handles, and propelled in the same four or five years, and were about as many feet 
•--- J -1- manner as a wheel-harrow. A boy follows, drop- high, and came as near forming a hedge as a row 
§ 11 Yell IMI11 tVM ping tbe secd ’ whicb 5s thinly covered, and a bar- of pea sticks. Outside of this apology for a hedge, 
^•y yAv "’ AJ Al/HA V W r( >w with smooth-faced wheel then passed over.— and close to if, was a hoard fence of about three 
- ■ _ . ^ __ The barrow is laden so as to cause a depression of boards, so that* between the boards and the plants 
MANGOTB WTTRT 7 WT wmj cwi/ir about two inches, and, as a consequence, the seed a pretty good barrier was formed. The ground 
___ bAObK - receives the full benefit of descending moisture, had not been cultivated within about three feet of 
As farmers in this section are just now scanning 7 appeara ™ e of the y° ung Plants it, and a thick sward was formed. We remarked 
the probabilities of being compelled to change 7 7 f ° r ,s ; veedlD »' Th,s sboald be tho- very meekly, that we observed he was growing an 
their system of farming and “a substitute for T? g 1 y performed > and > to saY e toil, must not be Osage Orange hedge. “ A great humbug, sir, this 
wheat ” is calling forth the views of far^e numbers ^ da ^rous” here, and while it hedge business. ! wish it was all out of the way.” 
of those whose profession is the tilling of the soil ™ CT ? &sea hack-aches it sadly diminishes the yield. l c ’ th ' 8 we replied, that it did not look as though 
the question of stock-raising seems to have im- f ? Reding any vacancies maybe filled by * had received much care. “ Not much of any, I 
pressed itself very favorably upon the minds of ^plantmg, and if carefully done-the tap-root soon got sick of it, and let it go,” was the response, 
manv whn Iiiwa 7 L,-,. _being uninjured — plants thus moved will thrive. — We merely asked what would have been the result 
MANGOLD WURTZEL FOR STOCK 
fro- i. Fio. ?. 
l-iguro 1 repr«nents (he yearlinz hedge-plant, which has extended its roots downward; the line at i indicates tho 
point at which it is to be cut off near the ground in the second spring. 
many who have expressed their ideas on the sub- The to ?e.p bad he treatodhspot I t Z Z 7777^7 stages ia 1he growth of ft hedge the second summer, as it appear, in a transverse 
cause a onmnloto rouointinn ^ ’ i can be accomplished by running the cultivator be- * n £> and resulted in an acknowledgement that hsir,® * . ,, _ . 
tofTe con^tld I I ? h Processes here- tween the rows. such treatment would have ruined them We ? eing necessar y to P r «vent it from heating. Soak- their places most be supplied by the ffhest plants 
7777 the i Soon a ^ the leaves turn yellow, and before persuaded him to cut' a few rods down to the Weeks m cold water wil1 answer that he procured the following spring. 
the same purpose. ■ 
The ground for the hedge should be well pre- 
EmpTrel^mt^tsieci^ha! nation known I S °° n after the ,eavea tnrn y e,low - and before persuaded him to cut* a few rods' down to the jjf Same"rmrlose W6ekS ^ C ° U1 Wat ® r WH1 anSWCr th ^ Can be pr0CUred ,he following Hpring ' 
as Western New York Root crons carrot \ppt I frosts are 8evere enough to injure the roots, har- ground, spade up a spac - of four or five feet each The irround for" tb« f cd i l l mi Ihegroundforthehcdgeshouldbewellpre- 
. c Vi' k ” crops carrots, beets, vesting may begin. I,, taking up they »'.ould bB aide, remo ve th. fern:he.- out and report to , ‘f ground for tbe aeed bed »hould be well pre- pared by thorough plowing and dragging, just such 
f 1 ’ ' ’’ 1 1 U8Ur P the place of the cereal, removed without bruising—the keeDinir dualities ns the result. Tt is such practices that have tended paied ’ lin0 aud mel,ow '* About the middle of May a preparation as would be required for a fine crop 
,r main dependence of the ag- lre , m p,i7ed by rough “LI VVhenthe Lraee to bring hedging “to '^dierepate. ihonghf care ««I naryeeaeons i, the beet time lor planting in of corn. It ehonld .1,0 bo dry enough for tbi, 
come U amvth ari Pnme GCneSee '” WlH S °° n be ‘ j -s dry, store in same manner as other roots. If and patience on the part of the cultivator, is neces- aparttnd two inches"d^’a^ Se f ed . ab ° Ut &D Cr0I> ' If the soil should be wet in places it will he 
*T*7l . . v , Pitted, such efficiency is not needed as for potatoes « ar y to make a good hedge. Without it none will fj 7IT ? , ?! P ’ d 1 a !arge quantity necessary at such points to throw up a ridge from 
Fntwh stock mo f favorably spoken of by _ should fr08t reac h them it will with J ]rar/ , n succeed, with it few will fail. Inar^ir th! '% !? a . Ve the r ° WS far en0Ugh six to cight feet wide , and high enough to keep 
mgl h stock-raisers will be found the beet, two spring, but, for all the purposes of stock-feed in c- n P , rt f the " se of the cultivator, but where only the roots out of the water. Draining, too, where 
^ aneties of which—the mangold wurtzel and the both as regarda nutritio n aad the extra len th () ’ \ A a few are to be K rown sufficient space for the con- practicable, should be resorted to. In poor, sandy 
gr seem to share equal commendation for feed- time they will remain sound we would recommend A\ veaient use of the hoe will answer. A good mel- soils, manure should he used, as for any other 
RhLn fhT e t tt 77 f00d f0r Cattl ° and efficient covering for their entire protection. 1 w\ VAiV W . lH n0t bake * S the be8b M Soon as Cr ° P ‘ In 8horfc ' the 0sa 8 e 0ra ''ge needs as good a 
s eep, the mangold wurtzel is especially useful.—___ 16 p au ^ B beg,n to appear work the soil with the soil and as good culture for a year or two as corn. 
It remains juicy and palatable long after the Swed- HEDGES FOR FARM rfnptnp V X H |\ h ° C ’ ^ keep ^ “eHow all summer, and in one On new ground a crop of potatoes the previous 
ish turnip (the Alpha and Omega of European HEDGES FO R FARM FENCING. \ V U\ __ season’s growth the plants will be fit for the hedge- year will leave the soil in good condition for the 
breeders,) has become spoiled by age. Says the In the Rural for March 20th, we published an V /NAv¥ / / row ' th ( e , ^H they mny be taken up and packed hedge plants. A strip not less than eight feet wide 
t,9 ? ea6jtOgr0W article on “Hedges for Fencing," in answer to a XA / Xl// / f T , 7 ? , lightly covered with earth, or may should be prepared for the row, in the centre of 
SI ? ; •/ T 112 , , **> 7 Um3 ° f thG correspondent who thought from appearances that > '\/ / ’ / / / ?? ! ? T i n * d °; 8ltuatlon out of doors a " d which the plants are to he set. The Western culti- 
• . . ^ ari U p > aud, while it is not intended to the attempt to make hedges in thbf country was a \ r , C0Yert - d - H ailowed to remain in the ground they vators recommend a strip ten or twelve feet wide, 
maintain that a tuu ° f the mangold, excej/t late in failure, and would have to be abandoned We then X'Aj lA are sometimes injured. When this is prepared by plowing, by throwing the 
K ,7!“ 0 “‘ 0fth# expressed the opinion that “the subs’tiJion of \ \ / I A\\ Plants can be procured of all the nurserymen at furrows toward the centre, a mellow border is 
?^ jet ^snpenonty of the latter 18 not snf- beautifuI> 8tron ^ llv , vi ever . as L" A/XV\ $5 per thousand, and perhaps of extensive plant formed, a little higher than the common level, 
ficient to make twenty tuns of Swedes equal to 30 hedges for our Tumble-down worm or expensive V X / gr °' V7 f f IeS3 f pnce ' As a general thing we The soil bein g prepar c d - the next thing is to set 
7*7 maDg ? WU / tZeL 0n a farm where fift y ever-decaying board fences, is a step too far in \/ W °! “ & 7™ g ™ W their ° Wn P ' ant8 ’ the plants ' Thia rau8t be done carefully so as to 
J r C ? SOf ?° tCrOPS ?“ % ^ M advance, an aim too high, to be given up for tern X \ I / \f a8 large S'’°' Yer3 ° f expenenco can do n much form a straight line, for however good a hedge may 
ve aimost yearly increased the breadth of man- porary failures or slieht discourauoment, Tt,„ X. \ H / V / . cheaper and better. be in other respects It will never look well unless 
A mnn cr ibo. /.vatu. n ouv,u cmuxciiu/ ia uul ueeuea as ior potatoes a ucugu. 
English stock-raisers will be fou^the he^ two !T T? U ^ WUhdraW in 8Qcceed ' with * f™ will fail 
varieties of which-the mangold wurizel and the ZT*’ ’ 7 7 ^7* ° f 8tockdeeding - A A 
sagar—seem to share equal commendation for feed- 1! 777 tWQ and the extra length of A 
ing purposes. As a spring food for cattle and Si ^7 8 ° and - we woald re commend \\ \\ 
sheep, the mangold wurtzel is especially useful.— L covering or heir entire protection. 
It remains juicy and palatable long after the Swed- *** X \V I \ 
ish turnip (the Alpha and Omega of European HEDGES FOR FARM FENCING. .4 pV \ \J I A 
breeders,) has become spoiled by age. Savs the T > » V. ~ , / /V Na/ J| 
Encyclopedia of Agriculture: —“ It is as easy to grow art fcl eon^/L /- T 20th we published an V PsX \ j) 
thirty tuns of the mangold as twenty tuns of the ™ nn ndpS 7 {7 £?*’ “ anS ' VCr t0 a >A / /^W 
Swedish turnip; and, while it is not intended to t w t T ,T v ^°! 8 from appearance8 that \ \( [y 
maintain that a tun of the mangold, except late in ?•! attempt to “ ake hed 8 eB m tbls country was a / / M 
spring, is as nourishing as the same amount of the f llure - a f ™ uld bave to he abandoned. We then \ | 
Swedes, yet the superiority of the latter is not snf. ie opinion that “the substitution of \ ^ 
ficient to make twenty tuns of Swedes equal to 30 Tn^t'umbliTn gr ° Wing ’ eVerdaSting V- /W 
tuns of mangold wurtzel. On a farm where fifty hedg< f for . our v tumbledown ;Woirm, or expensive \ V / I 
or sixty acres of root crops arc annually grown we ^ er ; decaj,ng b ! ard fe " ces ’ 18 a 8tep to ° f « ^ v ^| 
have almost yearly increased the breadt! of man 7 “ ““ ?° b ’f; * be glveu " p for \ \ 
gold wurtzel and diminished that of Swedish tur- introduction and the-growthTilftS^SauS! 
717 tt ’r it’ X h T, gr ? Wn tMrt7 58 8l ™’ and the attention of Le farmed of this >v \ ( 
, - 1 0rmer \° twent V f the latter; and country has not been called to a subject of more K 1 %. $1 
is nulled* m J Ur Ca - e ’ T ^ am breadt h of the crop importance within the last half century, than this X / t \ 1 
fledinu stables and v ! conaa i mplion ^ question of live fences.” Since that time we have x/ / A I 
lafelv folTotl » ? ’ ° Ur eX3mP ® m7 b ® r6Ceived many letter8 a8kinb ' information on this JX / / ] f A 
T V , „ '*• , . , , subject, one of which is given below, and we will ' 1 /1 I'M 
In a comparative analysis of the fiesh-forming endeavor to answer these, as well as all other in- \ f I fr 
Wontoan either of toe gthe™. In the .m», and || 
the W “f tzel w e filld about the same amount of wa- pare the eoil-what kind of hedge is tlie best, and where Ii 
ter, while the turnip exceeds either in this compo- th e seeds or plants can be obtained?—S cbscrujer, (D. P.) 
nent. When first taken from t^e earth, the man- Sen *c*, N. r., 1858. ’ 
gold contains an acrid matter, the tendeney of We have before us, and awaiting notice, “A f/j!'ta 
which is to scour the animals fed thereon especi- Treatise on the History and Utility of Live Fencing ,” Mif 
ally if given in large quantities. On this account b y B. C. Overman, of Bloomington, Illinois. This branch of the osag 
»-ae English stock-breeder keeps them stored for a is a pamphlet of sixteen pages, containing plain As the Osr,ue n«mro i« v. 
cheaper and better. 
PREPARING THE GROUND—PLANTING THE HEDGE. 
It is highly important in planting a hedge to se¬ 
cure a strong and uniform growth of plants. They 
should, therefore, he selected of about equal size 
and vigor, and none should be planted that appear 
weak or stunted, or in regard to the growth of 
which there is the least doubt. A dead tree in the 
orchard may be replaced, and in a few years the 
dill'erance in age will rot be perceived, but a gap 
perfectly straight. The plants must be 
set deep — about two inches of the 
stem being covered with earth, so that 
when the soil settles, the yellow roots 
may not be exposed. It' the soil is 
light, tread it, so as to secure the plant 
in its place. The work of setting is 
done with the dibble, the transplanting 
trowel aud the spade, according to the 
turnip, the mangold seems to deserve a higher po- Mfssrs Fns-_piPa S «inr^ m . , >_ / fil in a hedge it is difficult to repair. Every possible fancy cf the planter. The engraving shows th» 
sition than either of the others. In the carrot and how to grow a good hedge-when to pUnt-how'toTr!! II nK:ans ’ therefore > should be taken to se °ure the young plant properly trimmed and set, and the 
tue wurtzel we find about the same amount of wa- pare the eoil-what kind of hedge is the best, and where |f vigorous growth of every plant. The Osage young shoots starting at a 
ter, while the turnip exceeds either in this compo- the seeds or plants can be obtained?—S ubscriber, (D. p.,) ***^^ l *»j)i \ Orange has a long yellow root, and this is cut off The distance at which it is best to plant is an 
nent. When first taken frony^p earth, the man- Sen “‘, Y., 1858. ’ ’ 80 as to leave six inches attached to the plant— important matter, and one on which there is a 
gold contains an acrid matter, the tendeney of have before us, and awaiting notice, “A U The top is also cut to within three or four inches of great difference of opinion. Dr. Warder recom- 
which is to scour the animals fed thereon especi- Treatise on the History and Utility of Live Fencing Mit tbe 8 round > as ia shown in the small engraving of mends from a foot to eighteen inches, and thinks 
a.ly if given in large quantities. On this account hy R. C. Overman, of Bloomington, Illinois. This branch of the osagb orange. a yearling plant. To make sure that every one closer planting a serious error which before long 
-ie English stock-breeder keeps them stored for a is a pamphlet of sixteen pages, containing plain As the Osage Orange is the best thing now known wlU S rovv > c - 11 0v 'ekman, of IUinois, recommends will be regretted, as success, health and longevity 
lew months before feeding — during this period and sensible directions for making a good hedge, for making farm hedges—we confine our remarks 8 treatment of tbe plants which is new to U8 , and cannot be expected where trees of naturally free 
pectic acid diminishes and the proportion of sugar We have also received a book of 300 pages, on to thia plant. It is easily propagated is covered of wb * ch we think welL Two or three weeks he- growth are crowded within narrow limits. Most of 
increases considerably. Hedges and Evergreens, written by our old friend with thorns, with proper pruning can be made to time ° f plantlu g> be takes bis plants from the cultivators of the West recommend from fuur 
the mangold delights in a deep rich soil. A Dr. J. A. Warder, over 200 pages of which is de- branch close to the ground will bear an? amount ^ C ® dr ’ prepares them b ^ cutting, as above re- to six inches, as the best distance, and the Dr. ac- 
strong loam wffl be found most congenial to their voted to Hedge-making, forming, as the author of shearing, and is as hardy as an apple tree In commended ’ and then makes what h e calls a grout, knowledges that he stands almost alone in the advo- 
ui development, but clay land, if well manured, truly says, “ a complete manual for the cultivation, deed, in the summer of 1850 we saw it in Illinois °f mortar > b T mixin « ec l ua l P^ts of cow-dung and cacy of wide planting. Overman says “ in regard 
na rece.vnig proper attention from the cuUivator pruning, and management of all plants suitable flourishing in places where’ apple trees fifteen cla Y> wel1 beaten together, and made thin enough to distance apart wo cannot too strongly recom- 
ujieid large returns. This root is a gross feed- for American hedging, especially the Madura, or years old had been killed by the severity of the 1° 1hG r °° tS ’ mt ° whicb tbey are to be mend close P lanti ”S‘ 0ur Arm conviction is that 
/’ and those wb0 en ter into its cultivation with a Osage Orange. ” Every one who intends to plant two previous winters. The leaf is clossy and very dippe ;’ a bandftil at a time, so that all may be well more failuies have resulted from too wide planting 
uesire to liavft tllA ntiu will con ~ _v .. ^ " O WUU yV V ftn Atari with it Airr a Hum fsnm onw /.*L n w .• 1. . .1 . . 
Pirrhf^v. 4 - , ^ ^ A 7 --taiiuica icuuiUCU, “a v iu ^ ui il UUrilUIl 01 <i OranClh , * - J - - “ uv 
eignt or ten inches distant in the row, is the mode have resulted either from ignorance or careless- the seed and r rowing ,,iv™ among the roots, and cover two inches deeper than hedge with too mnch “stock” in it, or the plants 
ualiy employed. When sowing, many farmers ness, or both. The work is issued by the Agricul- Th» , \ , J tbe top of lbe ro °i 8 ; tread the ground firm about set too dose. No danger of over crowding them, 
deposit the seed with about four inches space, and tural Book Publisher, A. C. Moore of New York. t/y„! t 7 0range , 18 broa g ht *om the plants, and if the weather be dry sprinkle them besides if they ai e set close there will be no need 
m out as may be demanded. Two seed is drop- who has furnished us with several engravings from ahnrwi’XTX •! ^ g !°TTi d ’ aud produces twice a week. In this condition let them remain a of replanting when only one in a place fails.” 
I’- in the dibbled hole, and in thinning the the book, with which we shall illustrate this article °ti ' U ' ’ ! k . e ®“ 0r ! nge in 8I) ' few weeks, or ’till vegetation commences, when culture and pruning. 
f ingest shoot is left. It is best to soak the seed Tt is unfortunate that t I..- ^ 7—---, v ^ r*m uc xcauy io sen in tne neage row. riants dhe First Year.— Nearly all experienced lied ire 
la 80ft water for or two days before planting, matter how valuable reauirine thought ”° 10 - g ’ 7 80 “ etl ” ic ' 8 ltB YUaht y 13 mjured by the and trees thus trenched will start earlier than if set growers are united in the opinion that the plants 
3 J- requires a large share of moisture to produce ni U5 t fight its wav to tu> lie ffvor 7m t pr ° Cef,3 ‘ Good 6eed on being cut P re3en t a lively at once, and if properly set will he more certain to should not be touched with the knife the first year 
~T das *' bere man y root growers in this pos^fof 7*71*77 without be ^ g ^ by removal, even but that it should be left ^to take t course- 
the n 1^7 dry 8 °r aud diy 8eed have ir) j ured worse still, that the cry of “humburr» sho’uld be appearance^nd a rancid fiavi r^Thw dul! - llfele88 th,J,J 8 h planted in lull leaf, if damp weather fol- The design being to strengthen the root, this object 
anv2 gatlngqUalitie80fthe beetmore than raised by those from whom ™ Zht eZeot l S^Tat most of t caa be pr0 ‘ ^ When the leaves are half an inch in length would no doubt be defeated by severe pruning the 
wavs J CaUSeS> In EngIand the seed is ab more reasonable course. Only last week we visited or quart The 2d is Rnron^ f ? 7 ?° U ’ considers the plaat8 h * the best condition for first season. The soil should be kept well pulver- 
the m T 1Stened ’ aDd if ueceisar y tb ere—with the grounds of an intelligent and good cultivator This is done bv louring blm^ w^ 1 ? p,ant . 1Dg ;~ 8ett , ,Dg ' , A few °f 7 atrongest plants arc ke Pt ized and all the weeds destroyed by the use of the 
mud IS camafe of tbb “mother-country”—how where everything showed the highest culture The which it is allowed vermi i u P onit > a er back in the trench, for the purpose of replacing plow, or cultivator and hoe. Everything should 
much more needful with our hot, dry winds? The pear orchard L white withffi r“f Lt awe Z K 3 a any that may fai! to start in the bedge-row by the be done to produce a vigorous growth. Mulching 
very aoout a iseek, stirring, and a little care middle of June, and should any of these re-sets fail, the ground has been recommended, and much 
•thifl Qrtiolo rni . ° - 1 CUIUIJ 
• a article, pearance. The seed is separated from the pulp by they will be ready to set in the hedge 
lFPTYinnt rriftino- onH ° 
row. Plants 'Hie First Year .—Nearly all experienced hedge 
