190 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
JUNE 12 
BACKS AND MANGEES, AGAIN. 
Eds. Rural:— Having been for some years a 
reader of your valuable paper, and occasionally 
noticing ideas advanced by some of your c es- 
pondents with which I could not agree, I concluded 
to write to you, although it might appear very 
awkward and bungling. I would not claim to pos¬ 
sess that superior knowledge in agricultural mat¬ 
ters, which your worthy champions of improve¬ 
ment, “H. T. B.” and “J. H. B.,” have attained.— 
Yet we (the dairymen of Jefferson Co.,) may claim 
to have been taught by necessity, what those en¬ 
joying a more genial climate, and blessed with 
milder winters, may have failed to learn. We con¬ 
sider your “worthy correspondent’s” discussion 
about the best method of making racks and man¬ 
gers, for feeding cows or other animals in yards 
and sheds, as unworthy of good farmers. Jefferson 
county is principally devoted to Dairying and 
Stock raising, yet no good farmer or economical 
dairyman thinks of trusting his animals to enjoy 
themselves under open sheds or by the warm side 
of a board fence, during the winter. The fodder 
that is wasted by feeding out-of-doors, under the 
most favorable circumstances, and the less quantity 
required by animals when kept in warm stables, 
would very soon pay for the erection of such as 
were good and comfortable. Even were there no 
pecuniary gain, humanity to his animals should 
induce every farmer to provide for them warm and 
comfortable quarters. 
We prefer fastening our cows with stanchions, for 
the four following reasons:—First, for possessing 
the greatest economy of room. Second, if properly 
constructed, not even the least particle of food is 
wasted. Third, for the convenience of giving the 
animals their food. Fourth, for the ease with which 
the manure is removed from the stables. I intend¬ 
ed to send you the plan of my cow-barn for fifty 
cows, with store-room for hay to last them four 
months, built in a very substantial, warm and dura¬ 
ble manner, for less than four hundred dollars,— 
but the plan is not necessary to my purpose. Let 
the desire to accumulate dollars and cents, per¬ 
suade the farmer to abandon open sheds and out¬ 
door feeding-boxes for his animals, should he prove 
deaf to the calls of humanity. At the lowest esti¬ 
mate it costs three dollars a year more to keep a 
full grown animal in the open air, than in a com¬ 
fortable stable, if we take into the account the fod¬ 
der wasted and the larger quantity required by the 
animal in the open air. Now fifty cows at three 
dollars each, would be one hundred and fifty dol¬ 
lars for one year—in three years the same ratio of 
loss would amount to $450, which is sufficient to 
build a barn large enough to contain them all, and 
their food for the winter. This being true, why 
should any good farmer trouble himself about 
the best method of making out-door racks and 
mangers? 
Since the foregoing was written, I have seen the 
Rural of April 24th, and “H. T. B.” has “capped 
the climax.” After all the effort he has made to 
teach “ J. H. B.” how to make racks and mangers, 
he settles down at last by changing his racks into 
“ stanchions,” and to finish up he says,—“ Stick the 
heads of your cattle in and pin them fast, and my 
word for it, thoy cannot get any fodder out pveept 
by eating it out.” 
Like any other sensible man who has undertaken 
to teach others how to make what he knows to be 
impossible himself; (that is,) racks and mangers 
that will not waste fodder — he says:—“I don’t 
know but a man is in danger of nightmare, who 
puts his cattle in stanchions; he would have it 
possibly, if he was forced to sleep with his own 
head between two sticks, and therefore I do not 
recommend this method of confinement, though it 
is effectual as it regards saving fodder.” 
I suppose because he may prefer a patent spring 
bed-stead for his own use, he intends furnishing 
them for all his animals. Or, what does he think 
about having the nightmare, were he enjoying his 
sleep, of a cold winter night, by the sunny side of 
a barn-yard? 
In conclusion, I would say that from twenty 
years experience in dairying and taking care of 
cows, I am thoroughly convinced that for conveni¬ 
ence, economy, safety and comfort, stanchions are 
superior to any other method of fastening cows. 
Jefferson Co., N. Y., May, 1S58. S. T. P** # *B. 
CAKED BAG. 
Messrs. Eds:—“ C.” inquires through the Rural 
for a cure for the caked bag. Separate the calf 
from its mother, and let her go to it three times 
during the day; each time milk clean the well part 
of the bag, confining the calf to the sore teat. The 
milking should be done while the calf is sucking, 
as the cow will then give her milk more freely. If 
the calf is put with the cow alone, it will not suck 
the sore teat, and the inflammation may increase. 
If it has to fast a little, it will be more persevering, 
and sooner effect a cure. During this time the 
cow should be fed hay only. 
But prevention, it is said, is better than a cure.— 
Probably nine out of every ten of these trouble¬ 
some cases are the result of negligence. If the 
bag is often milked clean during the “ drying up” 
period, this difficulty will seldom occur. The rule 
is to take only a part of the milk, at intervals, a 
very bad practice. If a portion of milk is suffered 
to remain in the bag all winter, or while the cow is 
“dry,” it becomes thick and sometimes lumpy, in 
which case, when the cow, before calving, is mak¬ 
ing up her bag, — owing to the increased heat in 
that part, —the lumps become maturated, and pro¬ 
duce fever and inflammation, or remain hard, stop¬ 
ping the orifice of the teat, which has the same 
effect. c . A . n. 
Wasliingtonville, Orange Co., N. Y., 1868. 
Treatment of Cream in Butter-Making. _It 
is well to have a cream-pot or jar, large enough to 
contain a whole churning, and then each time the 
milk is skimmed let it be stirred thoroughly with 
that previously contained in the cream-pot, keep¬ 
ing the jar in a cool place that the cream may not 
become acid. It should stand at least twelve hours 
after the last is stirred in, before it is fit for 
churning. Cream put in just before churning will 
remain in the buttermilk, unless churned some time 
after the butter from the older cream has come, 
and then it is difficult to get its whole value.—B., 
Niagara Co., N. KV185S. 
BEES AND BEE HIVES. 
MV EXPERIENCE. — NO. II. 
Some one told me to make the hive in three sec¬ 
tions, the diameters of each the same as an ordi¬ 
nary hive, but the height only a few inches, and a 
top nailed on, or slats across, with passages for 
communication. The three, when placed one 
above the other, make an ordinary sized hive—it 
was said the bees would remain in the lower sec¬ 
tion, and consume all the honey there first, conse¬ 
quently all in the upper one not needed for their 
winter provisions would be left in the spring, and 
could be taken without injury to the bees, at the 
same time putting an empty one below to be filled 
the next season, and bo continue taking a box and 
giving one annually. There were two objections 
to this method, the first was, they were very bad 
for wintering bees, especially in the open air, the 
reason I could not then tell, supposed it to be my 
fate to have “bad luck.” Second, the honey was 
•never pure, the combs would be tough and black, 
being lined with the cocoons of the young bees, 
as each story in succession would be used for 
raising brood. Pollen is always stowed in the 
vicinity of the young brood, therefore much of that 
would be left to be eaten with the honey. 
I now resolved to try the experiment of using 
boxes on the top to receive a portion of this sur¬ 
plus in a situation to be removed; and succeeded 
without difficulty. It was then I made a grand 
discovery—a thing well enough understood now, 
viz., that box honey, stored after the hive is full, 
is pure, free from bee bread, cocoons of the young, 
&c. I now became somewhat greedy. It was evi¬ 
dent, if the hive was rather small, that, as soon as 
that was full, they would commence operations in 
the boxes above. I reduced the size, reasoning 
from this principle. If a box of 1,000 cubic inches 
will hold twenty-five pounds of honey when filled 
on the top of the hive, and twenty-five pounds will 
winter a swarm, why not a hive of that size hold 
sufficient winter stores. By this arrangement the 
first summer I obtained immense quantities of 
surplus honey, but somehow the hive would have 
no stores for winter, or but very little. I had com¬ 
mitted the grand error of making no provision for 
the bees to raise their young. I was not aware 
the queen deposited eggs every day, several hun¬ 
dred in number, commencing usually in March 
and continuing till October. They used about all 
the room in such small 4 hives for rearing brood— 
as soon as one occupant left the cell another egg 
was deposited there which required three weeks to 
mature, this was continued as long as the flowers 
yielded honey. I have since learned that all the 
combs of a thrifty stock are never filled with honey 
in a breeding apartment 
Here, then, it was necessary to have room for 
winter stores in addition to the room for brood 
combs. What was the smallest size that would 
answer? As I wanted all the box honey I could 
get, the less the hive would hold, the more would 
have to be stored in boxes. The room needed for 
brood comb, seemed to be indicated in this way.— 
Whenever a late or small 'swarm had made just 
combs enough in a large hive to hold sufficient 
stores for winter—some 1,200 or 1,400 inches, the 
next year, in June, at the height of the breeding 
season, they would add to their combs according 
to their requirements, till they filled about 1,800 
inches, then swarm. Towards fall, if the stock was 
strong and the flowers yielded honey, still further 
additions would be made and filled with honey.— 
If the hive contained no more than 1,800 inches, 
towards fall a portion of these brood combs will 
be filled with honey—enough to take the colony 
through the winter in many sections — perhaps 
anywhere south of 40 degrees latitude, north of 
this they will generally, but not always be safe, 
and it is necessary here as in many other things to 
avoid extremes of too large or too small—2,000 
cubic inches inside will probably be as near the 
correct size as we shall get. M. Quinby. 
St. Johnsville, N. Y., 185S. 
TILE DRAINS.—A FIRST EXPERIMENT. 
The first tile underdrain has just been laid on 
our farm. A beginning is made in the great work 
of getting and keeping the stagnant water from the 
soil —a work that once well accomplished, changes 
the character and productiveness af the soil. That 
which was cold and barren, when drained becomes 
warm, porous, and fertile — but we scarcely need 
dwell on the changes effected, 
Draining is not so difficult a job after all. Work 
will do it—aided by brains, it will do it cheaply 
and well. The first requisite is “ back-bone ” and 
a will—the second is proper tools to work with— 
equally as essential, however, are an outlet, and 
money to buy tile. Such tools as we had necessi¬ 
tated more digging than was called for. One 
wants in the bottom of the drain a groove just 
large enough to contain the tile — then it cannot 
be moved in filling in—it needs no stones at every 
joint—and, a little straw thrown od, it may be 
covered with the plow. 
To drain economically one wants force and 
material to finish the work at once. A portion of 
our ditch was dug last year, and the bottom was 
soft and uneven, so that it had to be filled in, and 
boards laid down to place the tile upon—increasing 
the trouble and cost On most soils a good smooth 
bottom may readily be obtained, if the tile are laid 
at once as fast as the ditch is finished. Let the 
filling in also proceed with the rest. 
Open drains are a nuisance, and a constant bill 
of expense. A nuisance, because they obstruct 
every operation of husbandry—an expense, be¬ 
cause they require clearing out semi-annually or 
oftener, or they imperfectly answer the end de¬ 
signed. Underdrains, on the contrary, once well 
laid, are out of the way, and expense is at an end. 
If we had the money we have spent in keeping 
open drains clear, we could “fill them with 
crockery,” and find our swamp much better drained 
than now. 
The great object of our present drain is to take 
off the contents of a pond—a clay-bottomed basin, 
full of water until the drouth drinks it up. The 
tile once in, the water went off like magic—the 
“ bottom fell out ” of the pond at once. We shall 
see, now, an unsightly break in the centre of a 
handsome field forever disposed of. For it looks 
so much better, that it shall never be a pond again. 
Niagara Co., N. Y., 1858. J. 
WEATHER IN ILLINOIS-CLOVER SEED. 
Eds. Rural:—As it seems to be a general time 
of sending in reports of the past and the prospects 
for the future, I thought I would send you a few 
lines relative to our prospects out here. For the 
past six weeks it has been very changeable. The 
first of April was favorable for sowing grain, but 
since the 20th it has been exceedingly wet, raining 
from once to three times a week. Grain looks well. 
The prospects for grass are very good — I don’t 
think I ever saw it better for clover in this vicinity. 
One thing is certain —in 14 years I never saw so 
poor a chance for a corn crop. As for fruit, the 
prospect never was better than now, for currants, 
cherries, apples, plums, pears, and all kinds of 
wild fruit. 
A short time since I saw an inquiry for the best 
mode of gathering clover seed —my plan is this. 
As soon as about three-quarters of the heads get 
turned, as near as I can judge, I take my reaper, 
just as I should for cutting grain — put it on the 
low cut, say to cut within six inches of the ground, 
and then commence cutting, taking a rake and 
gathering the heads back on the platform until I 
get a good forkful, when I throw it off in bunches 
near together, letting it remain until it cures—say 
two or three weeks. You can gather very fast 
when it is ready, by so doing, and you save the 
trouble of raking; besides, I think you save from 
a peck to half bushel of seed per acre. When I 
have stacked it, I take my threshing machine and 
remove the concave — or, at least those that have 
teeth in; and put boards in their place and thresh 
it Then bolt it through a wire bolt made six- 
square, — a machine or huller that is made in 
Ohio, which, if well run, will hull four bushels per 
hour, in a good, workman-like manner. To be sure, 
it depends somewhat on the yield per acre, but 
clover that will not yield one bushel per acre, is no 
go out here —our first crop generally yields from 
2£ to 4 bushels to the acre. One year ago I had 80 
bushels from 24 acres. h. n. 
St. Charles, Illinois, May 25, 1858. 
LEAKY ROOFS. 
Messrs. Eds. —Having noticed in an April num¬ 
ber of the Rural an inquiry made by A. A. Babcock, 
in regard to the best method of repairing a leaky 
“patent roof,” and not having seen the answer in 
the No. of May 1st until quite lately, I have been 
induced by the “bad state” of the reply to tell you 
what I know. The remedy, (gas tar and sand,) you 
will readily perceive makes a roof that will burn 
when dry as freely as tar itself; for the sand settles 
into the tar, leaving the outer surface of a very 
combustible material, which burns from theslightest 
cause; yet I think it will keep out the water if there 
is a slight inclination. 
Had Mr. B., in choosing a cement roof, looked 
into “the thing”, he would have thrown his money 
away before buying a cement where lime is used for 
a “ dryer”—for any sane man could have seen that 
it would not last, — the lime destroys the virtue of 
the cement at once, if, perchance, it possessed any. 
I can say that such cement will not keep out water 
for six months if exposed to the rays of a summer 
sun, for it will crack and “ flake off,” leaving the 
roof as clean as before used, simply from the action 
of the lime. 
Had Plaster of Paris been used in lieu of lime, 
as in the “Mastic Roofing Cement,” there would 
have been no such result Such a cement is both 
fire and water-proof. I had a sample of such 
cement “on tin,” but a few weeks since, that was 
put on nearly a year ago, and it was to all appear¬ 
ance as perfect as on the day of its being placed 
there. The cement would not “flake off” by bend¬ 
ing in any direction, and could only be cracked by 
breaking, not bending the tin. 
This compound for roofing I think comes nearest 
to answering the purpose of anything yet used. If 
any reader knows of a better thing, I should be glad 
to learn what it is through the columns of the 
Rural. A Reader. 
South Rutland, N. Y., 1858. 
POTATO EXPERIMENTS. 
Lot No. 1.—Planted 20th May, after peas and po¬ 
tatoes— kind early Junes. Grew large, ripened 
early, no blight nor rot Best on pea ground. Very 
good for the table. 
Lot No. 2.— Soil, turned in the fall, heavily ma¬ 
nured in the spring. Commenced cross-plowing, 
but it was very tough and I quit it, harrowed well 
and planted 20th May. Hoed well three times to 
keep down quack grass, but the grass grew as did 
the potatoes and remained green until 20th Sept, 
when the frost billed the vibes, The yield was 
large—some very large sized potatoes and many 
small ones. About one-third rotted, more among 
the large than the small ones. What remained 
sound are dry, good table potatoes. 
Lot No. 3.—Land the same as No. 2 and treated 
in same manner up to May 20th, when it was plant¬ 
ed to corn. Corn failed and the 6th of June plant¬ 
ed to same kind of potatoes as No. 2, after cross- 
plowing which left the land very mellow as the sod 
was well-rotted. Planted in furrows three feet 
apart and li feet in the rows—hoed once and the 
crop was clean. About the 20th of August the 
vines all died very suddenly, I suppose from what 
is called the blight. The potatoes were of medium 
size—no large nor small ones—watery and unfit for 
the table. Yield average. 
Inference .—That to plant on well tilled land and 
plant early, with early kinds, will give the best 
returns. 
Query .—What caused No. 3 to blight, while No. 
1 and 2 did not? Why was No. 1 large, No. 2, large 
and small; No. 3, medium? R. 
Matilda, C. W., May, 1858. 
The Pea-Nut, Again. —Mr. A., Kendall, N. Y., 
makes inquiry in regard to planting the pea-nut, 
or pindar. So soon as the ground is warm, remove 
the shuck and plant in hills one foot apart, one pea 
to the hill. As soon as the flowers appear, the 
vines are earthed up, from time to time, so as to 
keep them chiefly within the ground, (the fruit al¬ 
ways growing under the surface.) Plant in alluvial 
or sandy soil. The yield is from 60 to 75 bushels 
per acre. If allowed to grow without earthing up 
the vines will yield half a tun of hay to the acre. 
H planted early, Western New York, I think they 
will yield a good crop. I am of the opinion that 
they will grow well anywhere where Indian corn 
will flourish.—C., Manchester, Co., O., 1858. 
INQUIRIES AND ANSWERS. 
Ferrets. —(J. Marshall, Woodstock, C. W.)— 
We know of no Ferrets for sale in this vicinity. 
Perhaps some off our readers will inform Mr. M. 
where he can procure them. 
Windmill for the Farm.— Can you or some of 
your correspondents inform me through the Rural, 
how a wind mill can be constructed so as to run a 
circular saw for the purpose of cutting wood, and 
also to attach a cross-cut saw, and churn. Please 
give a description and cost of one.—A. S., Can- 
tadea, N. Y., 1858. 
Warts on Cows’ Teats. — Will you, or any of 
your subscribers, inform me how to remove a wart 
from a cow’s teat in such a manner that it will not 
return?—A Subscriber, Darlington, Lafayette Co., 
Wis., May, 1858. 
Remarks. —Washing in alum water is strongly 
recommended. Another remedy is composed of 
equal parts of neat’s foot oil, beef’s gall, spirits of 
turpentine, and old brandy—shake well before 
using and apply once each day. 
To Kill Underbrush. —I would like to inquire, 
through the columns of your paper, as to the best 
method of killing sprouts and underbrush in new 
clearings, and the best time of year for clearing off 
young brush.—M. A. D., Port Washington, Wis. 
Remarks. —Underbrush can be killed the most 
easily when making a vigorous growth, say early 
in July or the latter part of June. The best way to 
destroy brush would depend on their thickness, 
size, Ac. Mowing with a brush scythe, if not too 
heavy, is a good plan. Then grub up the larger 
roots, and afterwards plow with ox-teams. 
Sweet Corn for Winter. —I wish to learn from 
some of your correspondents, through the columns 
of the Rural, the best way to dry and keep sweet 
corn for winter use, and which is the most desira¬ 
ble kind for that purpose? Will some lover of 
succotash please answer, as it is something we in 
the West know nothing about.—J. P. Liming, Perry, 
Pike Co., III. 
Remarks. — Stoells' 1 Evergreen Com is the best 
kind for the purpose. It scarcely ever gets hard 
on the stalks, and should be gathered, the husks 
stripped back, and hung up and dried. If kept in 
a shady place where there is not a good circulation 
of air, and in damp weather, it is very apt to mould. 
Driving Bees from one Hive to Another.— In 
the Rural of the 15th ult., I noticed a method of 
driving a swarm of bees from one hive to another. 
I suppose I must be one of the ignorant bee-keep¬ 
ers Mr. B. refers too. Having started with a couple 
of swarms this spring, I would like to inquire of 
him, or you, through the Rural, the object in driv¬ 
ing bees from one hive to another—whether it is to 
obtain the honey, and force the swarm to make a 
new supply, or because there is something wrong 
about the hive, or bees? I have raised one of my 
hives half an inch from the board, on blocks, and 
every few mornings find worms on the bottom- 
boards. Please inform me whether I need to drive 
the bees into a new hive to save them.— B. H. 
Stone, Iladley, Lapeer Co., Mich., 1858. 
Rabbits and Peppermint. —Can you inform me, 
through the Rural, where I will be most likely to 
find some Rabbits, and at what price per pair?— 
And, also, what you know about the peppermint 
culture? An immediate attention to this will be 
duly appreciated by—A Subscriber, Mt. Cambria, 
N. Y., May, 1858. 
Remarks. —We have not seen any rabbits adver¬ 
tised lately, and know of none for sale, though we 
presume there are plenty to be had. 
Peppermint will grow in any good, mellow soil, 
and if a little moist we should judge from the na¬ 
tural habits of the plant, all the better. Particular 
pains should be taken to have the soil deep, mel¬ 
low, and free from weeds. The best way to propa¬ 
gate the plants is by offsets from old roots. As 
soon as they appear above ground, early in the 
spring, they should be removed to the prepared 
ground and set in rows about 18 inches apart, and 
from 8 to 10 inches in the rows. The hoe must be 
freely used to keep down the weeds. When in 
flower the plants are cut with the scythe and dis¬ 
tilled for the well-known oil of peppermint The 
yield will not be large the first year. The average 
yield, we think, is about 16 or 17 lbs. of oil per 
acre. This crop is cultivated to some extent both 
in New York and Michigan, and we hope some of 
the growers will give us the benefit of their ex¬ 
perience or observation. 
Railroad Horse-Powers and Horses. —As the 
time of year is approaching when we soon expect 
to need the thresher, I wish to make some inquiries 
respecting the different kinds of horse-power used 
for that purpose, and as you are in a part of the 
Union where much has been said and written upon 
the subject of the railroad power; I wish to know 
what decision the public has passed upon its mei - - 
its and demerits. Of the saving of labor in the 
amount of horses and hands I am well convinced, 
but whether that labor is more injurious to the 
horses used than the same amount of labor with 
the lever or sweep-power, is something of which I 
am not so certain; and whether horses when once 
broken to work upon that power are inclined to 
become intractable. 
My reasons for the above inquiries originate 
from the fact that I have been using a railroad 
power the past season, and by a little mismanage¬ 
ment of an inexperienced hand crowding between 
the horses when on the power, they formed such a 
habit of crowding each other at the times of put¬ 
ting on and off, that I can no longer use them for 
that purpose. If horses are generally liable to be¬ 
come unmanageable after being used, I shall aban¬ 
don that kind of power. The farmers in this county 
have no experience with tread-power machines, 
and the opinion is general that it stiffens and in¬ 
jures horses more than ordinary labor—is that so? 
An answer to the above inquiries through the 
Rural, will much oblige— Asa Williams, Bloody 
Run, Pa., May, 1858. 
Remarks. —Horses not used to this kind of work, 
of course will frat, and tire themselves, particular¬ 
ly if of a nervous temperament After they be¬ 
come familiar with it, most horses seem to work 
quite easily. We have known horses that seemed 
as though they never became reconciled to it, and 
again we have known other fine teams, put on the 
machine for the first time, pull as steady and true, 
as though they had been engaged in the business 
for years. Without expressing any opinion on 
some of the points inquired of by our correspon¬ 
dent, we place the matter before our readers.— 
Thousands of these powers are used in this and 
adjoining States, and we ask the farmers who have 
tried them to speak to the question. 
The Season—Crop Prospects, Ac. —The cold, 
wet weather, of which we made brief mention last 
week, seems to have extended over a wide extent 
of country, and materially checked the operations 
of farmers. Letters from Illinois, Indiana and 
other sections of the West, speak of frequent and 
heavy rains through the month of May. The 
streams have been flooded, roads almost impassa¬ 
ble, and the soil so wet in many localities as to 
preclude the planting of corn. Wheat has made a 
rank growth, and generally promises a good har¬ 
vest. The grass crop is also doing finely, and will 
yield abundantly. In some parts of Indiana, where 
corn is the great staple, but little bad been planted 
up to the 1st inst., and some had rotted in the 
ground. Many farmers despaired of raising any 
corn this season, though others hoped the rain 
would cease and sun shine in time to plant. A let¬ 
ter just received from McHenry Co., Ill., (dated 
June 3,) says:—“If you are blessed with as much 
rain in Western New York as we are here, I pity 
you—for what time it don’t rain gently, it pours 
down.” W e are blessed (?)with an abundance of 
the aqueous element in this region—far more than 
is desirable, or for the interest of farmers. The 
weather has been quite warm since June opened* 
but very wet—frequent and copious rains beingthe 
rule, day and night, and a clear sky for ten hours 
the exception. And yet grass and grain promise 
well, and if the rains and floods soon abate, in an¬ 
swer to the aspirations of the multitude, other 
crops may still be produced advantageously. 
Attend to the Young Colts. —Farmers who 
want good horses—animals which will pay to either 
keep or sell—should not neglect the young colts. 
It is always wise to breed from the best stallions, 
and then pay attention to the mares and young 
colts. The Yt Stock Journal, which ought to be 
good authority on the subject, says that “many 
colts are lost for want of proper care before they 
are a week old, which might have been saved with 
a very little attention. Often the mare has been 
poorly kept and worked hard, and the colt is of 
necessity poor and weak. Warm, dry shelter with 
plenty of litter, liberal feed and perfect rest for 
both the mare and foal will usually be all that is 
required. If, however, the foal is weak and thin, 
and especially if after the first week he does not 
seem to improve, and his knees and ankles seem 
feeble and tottering, examine his mouth and 
see if his front teeth are all cut. The colt 
when foaled should have eight front teeth, four 
above and four below. If these are not all through 
the gums, he cannot suck well, as the gums are in¬ 
flamed and sore. Cut the gums with a sharp pen¬ 
knife and the animal will improve at once.” 
Exhibition of Horse-Taming. —A novel and in¬ 
teresting feature is to be introduced at the Horse 
Show of the Monroe Co. Ag. Society—to be held 
on the 5th of July, as previously announced—con¬ 
sisting of a practical exposition of Rarey's System 
of Horse-Taming. The Society have resolved to 
engage competent men, who will practice the art 
on the Show Grounds, in the presence of the mul¬ 
titude, on any wild or vicious horses that may be 
produced for the purpose. All people in this re¬ 
gion who are interested, (and their name is legioD,) 
will of course avail themselves of so favorable an 
opportunity to witness a practical demonstration 
of the great secret, and thus acquire a knowledge 
of the modus operandi of an art which is attracting 
much attention among all classes. It will be far 
cheaper and more satisfactory to witness an expo¬ 
sition of the art, without any cost except admis¬ 
sion to the general exhibition, (only 15 cents,) than 
to pay $2 for a printed explanation of the same. 
American Farmer. —The June number of this 
excellent Ag. Journal announces the retirement of 
Mr. Samuel Sands, who has been connected with 
it for twenty-five years. During this long period 
the Farmer has been an able and influential advo¬ 
cate and promoter of Improvement, and we are 
glad to learn that Mr. S. retires with a sufficient 
competence to sustain him as he travels the down¬ 
ward path of life. He has, we doubt not, the hearty 
good wishes of his contemporaries and thousands 
of agriculturists. The Farmer passes into the 
hands of Mr. N. B. Worthington, who has been 
connected with it for several years past, Mr. W. 
announces that the paper will be improved, and 
that h£ will not be satisfied until its present circu¬ 
lation is doubled. We wish him abundant success. 
The Farmer is published monthly, at Baltimore, 
Md.,—$1 per annum. 
Mr. Sands will continue his Farmers’ and Plan¬ 
ters’ Agency at the office of the Maryland State 
Ag. Society,—and states that he contemplates the 
publication of anew journal, in quarto form, to be 
called the “ Agricultural Register.” 
Gone to Europe. — We learn that Sanford 
Howard, of the Boston Cultivator, sailed for Eu¬ 
rope on the 1st inst. As previously announced, Mr. 
H. visits England, Scotland, Ac., under the auspices 
of the Mass. Society for Promoting Agriculture, for 
the purpose of purchasing improved stock; but 
will probably extend his visit to Holland, Belgium 
and France. We wish him a pleasant and prosper¬ 
ous trip, and safe return. 
— Persons wishing to give Mr. H. commissions 
for purchasing stock, or to communicate with him 
on other subjects, can address him to the care of 
Messrs. Baring, Brothers & Co., Liverpool 
The Iowa Farmer has been transferred to Hiram 
Torrey, who will hereafter issue it under the title 
of the Pioneer Farmer and Home Visitor. Gen. 
Wilson is to attend to the interests of the Iowa 
State College and Farm, of which institution he is 
Secretary. 
One-Horse Mowing Machine.— “A Subscriber,” 
of Ontario, Wayne Co., who inquires as to where a 
one-horse mower can be obtained, price, Ac., is re¬ 
ferred to the advertisement of R. L. Howard, in 
this paper. 
The Second Annual Fair of the Susquehanna 
Valley Agricultural and Horticultural Association 
will be held at Unadilla, Sept. 29th and 30th, 1858. 
