TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.’ 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
VOL. IX. NO. 25.i 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
ROCHESTER, N. ¥.,-SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1858. 
WHOLE NO. Ui. 
MOORE S RURAL NEW _ Y ORKER, w ' se b8ad> The adaptation of different crops to candle-light. Turnips answered the purpose of a 
an original WKKKI.Y ^ be var *ous soils the best rotation to produce the fallow crop, which cleaned and rested old arable 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. ™° 8t money witb tbe least outlay of capital and land—turnips were food for fattening cattle inwin- 
- labor, and without injury to the soil—are questions ter-turnips, grown on light land and afterwards 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, which the farmer has to decide, right or wrong, eaten down by sheep which consolidated it by their 
WITH AH able cobps op assistant editors *** ?* ^ ^ BUCCes8 ? a great mea9ure de ' fCet > P re P ared the way for grain crops on wastes 
_sopassistant editors. pends . Then, there are the probabilities of the that had previously been given up to the rabbits.- 
Tn» Rural New-Yorker is designed to be nnsnrpassed in 8tate of tbe market to be considered—hordes of By this means the heaths and wolds of Yorkshire 
Value. Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique and insects to be successfully fought—the best varie- and Lincolnshire with the help of marline in cer- 
beauUM in Appearanea its Conductor devotes his personal atten- ties of cattle to be procured, bred and fed-beef tain districts the blowing sands Of Norfolk Not 
bon to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly labors „„ i ,. , , , _ , , . mowing sanus 01 H01101K, Ot¬ 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the important d pork ’ and mutton, and wool, and bread to be tinghamshire, and Bedfordshire, were gradually re- 
Practicai, Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the made at tbe least possible cost—all requiring, we claimed and colonized by the race of farmers who 
business of those whoso interests it zealously advocates. It embraces say without fear of contradiction, a clear, cool have been foremost to adopt all the great improve- 
F* ™ r? T h ° ,r ° "«** !" this *■««•* ft g r iculture for the Is,, century, 
than any other journal,—rendering it toe most complete Agricultu- ,)usmes3 ' out lor the looks of the thing, might as This new system required great expenditure. Mr. 
ral Literary and Family journal in America we H be without heads. Coke, of Holkham, laid out about £100,000 in 
— - 1 Though possessed of all other advantages, the twenty years on such dwellings and ollices as the 
fanner cannot hope to succeed without industry.— mode demanded. Mr. Rodwbll, in Suffolk, sunk 
MiViH'iy SwJvW a< ^yj ,y IMU If tbe farmer succeeds, he does so by the union of £5,000 in merely marling 820 acres, with a lease of 
__ ^ ^_ skill and labor. In some other professions, persons ord y twenty-eight years. The value of Mr. Rod- 
- may succeed in rare cases without industry. Good well’s produce during the twenty-eight years of 
AN UNSUCCESSFUL FARMER. fortune may favor the speculator or the merchant. bis occupancy was £30,000 greater than from the 
- He may make a few lucky strikes and become same time preceding his improvements. 
derived^ Z'= J see statemeBts of the advaata (? e s wealthy. But the most lucky farmer is the most Lord Townsdend, who retired from public af- 
:X“ a <->--»«» «■- a ^ 
and smaller farmer, and am a subscriber to seven agri- far7ner 18 a curiosit Y that Barnum would like to bl8 llf e to the improvement of his estate, origina- 
cultural papers and periodicals, including the Rural, but P rocure - ted Practices of which the world continues to reap 
still do not make money at fermiDg. Will some of your Farming, if well conducted, will give fair but benefit at this hour. To marl and clay farms was 
correspondents, SO benefited by the papers, tell me what not extravagant profits. A fortune is not to be an old practice; for HAiuasoNin his “Description 
more to do, or what other papers to take.—M osikk. made in a hurry in anv legitimate agrienUnral of Britaine,” in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
than any other Journal,— rendering it the most complete Agricultu¬ 
ral Literary and Family Journal in America 
to! §fw-fj0i& 
AN UNSUCCESSFUL FARMER. 
THE “BUCKEYE ROTATING HARROW.” 
more to do, or what other papers to take.— Mosisk. made in a hurry in any legitimate agricultural of Britaine,” in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, -—- 
This is a serious case. Among the thousands pursuits. Economy, therefore, is necessary. The says:—'“Besides the compost that is carried out of Tiie above engraving represents the “Buckeye they meet with more resistance, and consequently 
of inquiries that we have received in regard to farmer might as well try to fill a basket with water, the husbandmen’s yards, ditches, and dove-houses, Rotating Harrow,” recently patented by Messrs, cause it to rotate horizontally pulverizing the 
things possible and impossible, curable and incura- as to make money without frugality. He must or out of great towns, we have with us a kind of W,r - Be Witt and O. D. Barrett, of Cleveland, ground completely, requiring less force to draw 
hie, we know of nothing in all the long catalogue keep a good look out to cut oil' all unnecessary white mat 'L which is of so great force, that, if it 0hio - From what we have heard and read, from it than it would did it not rotate ” 
that has so sorely puzzled us as the above. Seven expenses. On the other hand, he must avoid that be cutover a piece of land butonce in three-score reliabIe sources, concerning this Harrow, we are The advantages the patentees claim for this liar- 
agricultural papers taken and paid for, of course, short-sighted parsimony which issometimes called years, R shall not need any further composting.”— inclined to believe it will prove a long-sought de- row, are as follows: 
and among them the Rural, and still not making economy, and which would rob the soil, starve the The usage <R® d away, however, and its advantages sideratnm - In speaking of it, the Editor of the “1st It will do twice as much as the common 
money! We wonder if there is anything analogous cattle and impoverish the niggardly owner in were rediscovered by Lord Townshenu and a Mr. Ohio “r-—». -- r _ a . 0T1V pv(vfl 
to this in the world of morals, mind, or matter.— short, kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. Allen, who applied it to the sands of Norfolk, and su P cr sede all harrows now in use. Its excellence labor for the team. 
We wonder if any of our preachers, after they a tolerably good soil is needed to make the convei ' ted Boundless wilds of rabbit-warrens and is to ° obvioua to bo doubted by any one who has 
have labored for the good of their flocks and pre- business remunerative, for while we have seen the sheep walks into rioh ’ grainbearing soil. Young seen 5t work -” We subjoin the description and 
sented and endeavored to enforce wholesome truths mos t unpromising soils made productive by the e9timated that before the close of the century claimed advantages of this implement, as furnished 
that should result in good, find that some receive liberal use of ashes and clover and ntberfertiiw. “three or four hundred thousand acres of wastes bytbe inventors: 
that should result in good, find that some receive liberal use of ashes and clover, and other fertilizers, 
no beneht from their teachings - if the teacher this improvement of naturally barren ground re- 
had been turned into gardens,” and rents rose from 
too obvious to be doubted by any one who has “2d. It is the strongest Harrow built, and does 
en it work.” We subjoin the description and not cost as much as the common jointed Harrow, 
aimed advantages of this implement, as furnished “ 3d. It is adapted t« all kinds of soil, and can bo 
•the inventors: operated like the common Harrow, by taking o(T 
“The toothed frame is made of suitable sized the weight. This is of advantage only in reference 
ever finds, to his sorrow, that his instructions are qn j res t i me and capital, and without this the owner 8,ims between sixpence and two shillings an acre timber, halved together, and fastened by the teeth, to newly turned up sod, requiring to he harrowed 
Nearly two thousand years ago, a young man 
came to the Savior of the world to inquire what 
“SUBSTITUTES FOR WHEAT.”—MORE STOCK. 
In one of the agricultural addresses of the late 
luo iuercnani, aicer reau- these onr correspondent maybe able to gather 1 m auu a ioriune in tnirty years on a farm ™ i'“«, o. xuo luuuuio, uiey snarpen inemselves. 
ing the Merchant's Magazine and other works on 80 me hints as to the probable cause of his want of ° f 1,500 acre8 ’ and bou S kt laud of hi s own of the 2 > has a flan £ e oa its lower end > b Y w bich it is firmly “ 5th. This Harrow leaves the ground smooth and 
Commerce, ever fails in his speculations, or finds success. value of £1,700 a year. bolted to the draft-bar, 4. The weighted arm is even, as it is impossible, to clog it, consequently, 
that his investments do not yield the much-desired--—- But marling alone would not have reclaimed the beld on ei tfi er side by the draft-bar, and at right- stones, roots, vines, or other things, cannot be 
return? THE PROGRESS OF ENGLISH AGRICULTURE. Norfolk deser ts. Lord Townshend so favored the an ? les to U by meana of a book > 38 represented. A dragged along by it, to leave the ground in furrows 
Nearly two thousand years ago, a young man culture of turnips that he got the name of “ Turnip weight of twenty-five or thirty pounds is placed in ns it frequently is by the common Harrow.” 
came to the Savior of the world to inquire what We again take up the London Quarterly, a chap- Townshend.” Pope, in one of his imitations of the box on the weighted arm. I bis weight causes For further information see advertisment in this 
he should do to have eternal life, stating that he ^ er from which, upon “Live Stock,” was given in Horace, published in 1737, speaks of “all Town- the teeth under it to sink deeper into the ground paper, or address the General Agents, Robinson 
had kept the Commandments from his youth up.— the Rural of last week. At present, the mode and abend’s turnips.” This crop he had the sagacity to than the rest As the Harrow is drawn forward, & Co., 21 Bank street, Cleveland, Ohio. 
He yet lacked one thing. Our correspondent, manner oi enriching the soil will claim our at- see was the parent of future crops. Without win- " — — - ■■■■ - 
though he has done well in taking the papers, tention. ter food little stock could be kept, without stock of the acid was easily poured over a few bushels of “SUBSTITUTES FOR WHEAT”—MORE STOCK 
and, perhaps, in many other things he has done Fertilizers.—T here is rarely a great invention tbere cou l d he little manure, and with little manure ground bones, and Suffolk drills, charged with - 
equally well, lacks at least one thing necessary to received by the world, of which the germ is not to there could not be mucb of an >' tbiu S else. The superphosphate and guano, were sent to teach In one of the agricultural addresses of the late 
success. What that one thing is we cannot say, be found in some preceding age. This is the case tum B )9 were employed to secure a large dung-heap, farmers that if they wished to grow great root John Delafild, Esq., he gave this question his 
with the slight information he has afforded us in the with the system of artificial manures, which has and tbe dung-heap, in turn, was mainly appropria- crops there was something to he added to the in- attention, and his remarks are well worthy our 
preceding note, but we will name a few essential recently worked such wonders in agriculture, and ted to secure tbe lar gest possible store of turnips, valuable “muck.” One of the first to experiment consideration to-day. Speaking of the ravages of 
things, and from these he may be able to judge which is touched upon in “ The new and admira- lbe ground cleared and enriched by the root-crop, u P°n tbe new manure, and then to manufacture it, the midge and the uncertainty attending the crop, 
where the difficulty lies. We will endeavor to hold hie Arte of Setting Come,” by H. Platte, Esquire, >' iel ded abundant harvests of grain—the treading was Mr. J. B. L awes. Mr. Purser, of London, who he asks “What shall we substitute for Wheat?— 
up the mirror that he may see himself, with his published in 1C0I by “ Peter Shorte, dwelling at ol tbe sbee P u P on t}ie loose soil, while they fed off began in 1843, with a single carboy of acid, has This question does not admit of specific reply, and 
faults, if he has any. It is much easier to see the ye signe of ye Starne on Bred Street Hill:” a P ort ion of the turnips, gave it the necessary since frequently purchased ten thousand carboys can only be met by suggestions applicable to our 
faults of others than our own. We can discover a “Shanving.s of home, upon mine owne experience, I flrmness * T hus, through the agency of turnips, a at one time. farms in proportion to the capital employed, and 
mote in the eye of another easier than a beam in must of necessity commence, by means whereof I obtagn- full fold and a full bullock-yard made a full grana- The chemists having done their part, the next to their condition of fertility. Many have substi- 
our own, and we have no doubt the neighbors of ed a more flourishing garden at Bishopsha), in a most r y* 1' 10m 17f'0 to 17.<0 landlords and tenants fol- contribution to the progress of agriculture came luted barley; if all wheat growers do so, we may 
our correspondent all know and can tell him very barren and unfruitful P lotof grounde, which none of my lowed in the track of Townshend, when they were from the geologists. Prof. IIenslow gathered a not iind a compensating market value for a supply 
readily where the difficulty lies. predecessors could^ ever grace or beautifie either with roused by a “ second revolution,” inaugurated by quantity of nodules on the coast of Suffolk, and suddenly increased. * * * An established rule 
“ Oh, wad some power the giftie gie us eular «ood success bv strewfnifthe 'I' th S ' n " ^'°kk. No icma! ivable discovery was made by placed them in the hands of a Air. Potter for of economy is, that supply willfollov) and be created 
To see oursels as ithers see us.” a border of summer barley. Malte duste" may hereto Mr ' but ^ showed a surprising sagacity in analysis. The analysis showed them to be fossils, by demand. We must, therefore, seek to sup- 
The papers must not be 11 taken" only; they must challenge his place, for foure or five quarters thereof are slIlg 1UK . out what was good in ideas which were commonly called coprolites, and containing from Pty ^ rom the soil the wuints of the many other 
be read, and their teachings put into practice, to be sufficient for an acre of ground. And sal armoniake, be- received by the farming public at large, in com- 50 to 55 per cent, of lime. Mr. Lawes followed classes of people who necessarily depend upon 
of any great benefit. Many persons read, their in S a volatile salt first incorporated and rotted in common b'cing them into a system, and persevering in up this discovery, and by investigation placed him- agriculturists for their sustenance. This system of 
judgment is convinced, they acknowledge the ^ th , ought to bee a rich Inould to P ,ant or set in -- tbem ’ tiU the y P revailed - In T«04 Mr. Coke had, self in possession of large beds of another fossil supplying demand, saves ns from speculative acts, 
truth, but continue on in their old course, never ?gBS , • , , a “' 1 ° th f r be P aste "’ aud generally a11 for several year8 ’ grown Swedisb tu ™ipH with great called apatite, rich in phosphates. hopes and fears restraining us within the legitimate 
judgment is convinced, they acknowledge the tbought to bee a rich mould to P ,ant or set in -- tbem ’ tiU they P revailed - In 1804 Mr. Coke had, self in possession of large beds of another fossil supplying demand, saves ns from spec 
truth, hut continue on in their old course never ?gBS t a “ d ° th f 1r b T te3 > aud generally a11 for several yearH - 8 rown Swedish turnips with great called apatite, rich in phosphates. hopes and fears restraining us within tl 
patting into practice what tbey learn. Having f "’""‘T’ IM "' Ch “ ea I» *» a-otUer important addition to portable » f »» r 
forinod ur.h. „i™„iv .....v. ... _ . . . s m great aonnouice. manure in the drape of rape-cate. .._. .. - -* . . He then goes on to show l.v stati»f. 
Thus we find that two hundred and fifty-seven 
and sulphuric acid, it is converted into a power¬ 
ful grain and root fertilizer, known to agricultu¬ 
rists as the “ Nitre-phosphate manure.” 
and in all cities and towns—making stock a profit¬ 
able product to the farmer. Butter and cheese, 
also, are largely consumed. From these facts he 
formed careless, slovenly habits in their youth and Thus we find that two hundred and fifiv sevpn manui um ° °, u C ’i * 0 manures was made by Mr. Odams, in the blood and Ho then goes on to show by statistics that the 
early manhood, these habits are not easily over- v „ ar „„„ 0 v , “.7 , a d ,lff J-seven In the years 18.>7-38 the Royal Ag. Society of Karba „ e of tbe i i0n don slaughter-houses which deraand for b eef, pork, and mutton, in New York 
come. A rigid course of self-discipline is neces- atility ^ ammonfa'inTo^es and Hesb^^Eve^v f”? 1 " 14 W “! ^ nnd ® d ’ and first a " 10n « tbe impor- amouat3 t0 about ejgbt hundr t d thonsand’gallons °! fy ’ ia far beyond tbe power of our State to sup- 
sary to counteract the force of early habits, and and a‘t the cZ' T “ e ^res brought forward and fostered by this annua]ly . Mixed wi * h ground or calcined bones pIy * That tbis demand ® y er increasing, there. 
this, we are sorry to say, few have the courage to eighteenth century whatever m ^t have ^ f T *™ lntl0a ” This and sulphuric acid, it is converted into a, power- arid in aU dties and towns-making stock a profit- 
undertake, and still less persevere until the cure is Sen doie on^it was that gave farmers the use of concentrated ful ^ aad root fertilizer, known to agricultu- able pi ' oduct to tb e farmer. Butter and cheese, 
effected. This is the reason why so many who P ° rtab 6 ^ tbe f owtb of rists as the “ Nitre-phosphate manure.” alao ’ are largely these facts he 
know the right, and who will talk, and perhaps T , n n resembled lhat of the greater crops in a degree unknown to the preceding gene- . . .. f ./ , . , argues as a substitute for wheat raising, that we 
write fluently of good farming-of the necessity pait of Continental Europe at the present time.— ration. Previous to 1835, in addition to farm-yard Tb e'mere fact that these products were articles « bree d, feed, and fatten more animals than has been 
of doing everything at the ri»ht time and in the Wh , ln many diatnct ® was rarely cultivated and dung, lime, chalk, gypsum, marl, soot, salt, saltpetre, ® f sale ’ and nofc of ho “ e manufa f ure by tbe our custom.” 
t,„ Q+ J h e rarely eaten by the laboring classes. Rye oats nnp eake and hones were used fer+iii-/or a tu farmer, had a powerful influence in extending their „ , , „ , „ . . , . , 
best manner — pursue a very different course in - / , ^ b rape-eaxe ana oones, weie usea as tertiiizers. the ’ , c a But he does not stop here. A change of pro- 
, course in and barley, were the prevailing crops; a naked fal- riiaurwerv of the manmial nrnnerti> a r ,r use * Those on whom the essays of Professors and . . , . . . .. h 1 
practice. They know the right, but pursue the i • . 1 „ 1 ’ lal discovery oi me manunai properties of bones was _._ . . , ducts demands a change in the system of farming. 
wrong—they preach well, but practice badly— J ow — that 18 to aa y> a y car of barrenness, which was accidentally made, and on the heaths and wolds of t ons of landlords produce little effect, were » Inst ead of arable fields, your meadows and pas- 
Bead, learn and practice, is one of the mottoe Jes- h°° & exhau8tlDg weeds—^was the or- Lincolnshire, it was the philosopher’s stone which J orned lnto by tb ®' ®*® nts of maau re-ven- tureg must receive a new and different treatment- 
sential to success. dinaiy expedient for restoring the fertility of the turned rabbit-warrens and gorse fox-coverts into d ^ and ! as the , P ‘, . C pr ® ad ’ we , re con ' a reform must take place before you can breed or 
wrong-they preach well, but practice badly.— tnn ftAn n vpor ’1 /r . . 
n * _ J too often a year of exhausting weeds—wastheor- 
Kead, learn and practice, is one of the mottoes es- , . h . ® ur 
sential to success. dinaiy f xpedient for Coring the fertility of the 
rm „ . ,, . , argues as a substitute for wheat raising, that we 
The mere fact that these products were articles c A , „ .. • , , , 
, , , „ , 1 , . , breed, feed, and fatten more animals than has been 
sale, and not of home manufacture by the ’ , 
rmer, had a powerful influence in extending their „ . , . , , . , 
c. Tho*e oa whom the e®., 3 of Professor, sad , B ;“ , h<! d °f s,,,i> hcr :- A " f 1>™' 
stions of landlords prodaccd little effect, were t * Ch f lhe of 
..... . . “Instead of arable fields, your meadows and nas- 
)rned into inquiry by the agents of manure-ven- . . . 1 
, .. *. , tures must receive a new and different treatment— 
rs, and, as the new practice spread, were con- . , , . . , “ 
, , . . , fVl • , , a reform must take place before you can breed or 
The successful farmer must he a thinking man “?* dUD& f 1P ° Sed to tbe dissolv5ng field* of golden grain. A Mr. Nelson used to say a ’ rao8t again8t their will > by great cropa fatten cattle or sheep to the greatest advantage.- 
It wili not do to adopTal^things published In^the ^ f “T” that - he did not care who knew that he had made ^ the fields of enterprising neighbors. Let me a8k> bave you permanent pastures 
agricultural papers without thought. One great kin L Ill’ll ! best arab: ‘ e land ol the £80,000 out of his farm by employing bones before ---covered with the most nutritious grasses? Are 
mission of the agricultural press is to furnhh a rivJbm nnri l « b p f l0Dg y ® arB ° f c !! 1 ' otber P eo I jle knew the use of tbera >” Milking Young Cows.-It is said that young your meadows filled with choice grass seed, and 
medium of communication between the practical IbsoZd oieilrd ofX • Nitrate of soda was imported from Peru and sold cows the first year they give milk, may be made, are all free from weeds? Until we change our 
farmers of the country. In the fulfillment of this pabulum needed for growing crops! t0 return tbe in smal | quanlit r ies by an agricultura l manure - with careful milking and good keeping, to give present practices in regard to our pastures and hay 
mission many things will be given which will not ^ g 1 dealer about 18m, and the same year a cargo of milk almost any length of time deemed desirable; fields, we must not expect full success in rearing 
hear the test of experience or criticism. “ Trv all , D ?- W 8 ° UrCe ° f agri< : ultural wealth was sud - S uano wa8 consigned to a Liverpool merchant— but that if they are allowed to dry up early in the fine cattle.” 
things and hold fast that which is good ” must be ii? n ^ 18C0 J e y ed in turnips, and such was the en- In 1840 Prof. Liebig suggested that the fertilizing fall, they will if they have a calf at the same sea- It is too true “that of all the vegetable products 
the rule. The business of farming' requires usia8m “ 1 ie eai y cultivatois that of one of power of bone manure would be increased by the sons, dry up at the same time each succeeding year, of our farms none are less understood than the 
talent, education experience_in short clear ami ! 6m ’ °. r 0NI!0DI,0 > Bis said, on retuming home application of sulphuric acid, and the consequent and nothing hut extra feed will prevent it, and that class of grasses." There are some dozen or twen- 
, -lerence in snort, a clear and from a circuit went to look at a field of them by production of superphospate of lime. A carboy but for a short time. ty varieties common on old pasture grounds, and 
