m 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
JULY 10 
the sums furnished hy private enterprise for the 
execution of an improvement which on the worst 
class of wet land gave visible proofs of its value by 
immediate profits. Another circumstance stimu¬ 
lated the work. About the period that the system 
of deep draining was perfected, the great land- 
owners were anxious to encourage their tenants, 
depressed by the approaching free trade in corn, 
and thorough draining became the most fashiona¬ 
ble improvement The sheep-folding Norfolk rota¬ 
tion had done great things for light land, brought 
the cultivation of roots to a high pitch, and pro¬ 
portionately increased the live stock on every light 
land farm. The owners of strong retentive soils 
were anxious to imitate their light land neighbors, 
and to grow the roots which were seen to afford 
such profits in beef and mutton. Deep drainage 
enabled them to realize these aspirations. 
For centuries the farmers of clay soils had been 
engaged in trying various expedients for saving 
their corn crops in wet seasons. The land was laid 
up in “lands,” “backs,” or “steches,” that the rain 
might flow off into intervening surface drains, a 
few inches deep, and which were formed of turf, 
bushes and stonc3. Not unfrequently an anxious 
farmer would traverse his corn fields after heavy 
rains, spud in hand, and try to lead the stagnant 
little pools to the neighboring ditches. In favora¬ 
ble seasons the clay usually gave excellent crops of 
corn, but a wet season destroyed the husbandman’s 
hopes. These stiff soils had been preferred, until 
light heath land had been brought by sheep-folding, 
marling and root growing, into profitable culture. 
The introduction of thorough drainage restored 
them to their ancient preeminence. Hundreds of 
thousands of acres, formerly condemned to remain 
poor pasture, or to grow at long intervals uncertain 
crops of corn and beans, have been laid dry, ren¬ 
dered friable and brought into a regular rotation, 
in which roots find their place. Sheep stock 
thrive where previously a few dairy cows starved; 
the produce has been trebled, the rental raised, 
and the demand for labor increased in proportion. 
In the neighborhood of Yorkshire manufactories, 
moorland not worth a shilling an acre has been 
converted into dairy farms worth two pounds.— 
When it is remembered that the principle upon 
which these results depend was not enunciated till 
1843, it will be seen how rapid and mighty has been 
the recent progress in agriculture. A second pub¬ 
lic loan of four millions was granted in 1856, and 
it has been estimated that in the ten previous years 
upwards of sixteen millions had been invested by 
the nation, and by private companies and individ¬ 
uals, in thorough drainage- There is no longer 
truth in the saying that the capital and soil of the 
country have never been acquainted. All the 
branches of farming business felt the influence, for 
the improved stock originated by Bakewell, the ar¬ 
tificial food raised to feed the improved stock, the 
scientifically constructed drills, horse-hoes, and 
other implements which the Norfolk rotation called 
into use, all met with an extended development in 
the retentive soils rendered kindly by the use of 
“ Parkes’ clay pipes.” 
THE DIGNITY OF FARMING. 
Yes, there is dignity in it; witness the magnifi¬ 
cent address of President Thomas, reported in a 
late issue of the Rural. He would have farmers, 
yea, every class of society, grow fruits; yet, he 
adds, not from gratification of a merely sensual 
appetite, nor for the sake of scraping together 
dollars and cents; for “he who raises trees only 
to make money out of them, sacrifices the most 
valuable part of the operation. There are objects 
always before the rural cultivator, the result of 
creatine wisdom, constantly tending to excite his 
wonder and admiration.” Creative wisdom among 
the motives of farming enterprise, is a text I am 
proud to preach from. Such principles animating 
tillers of the ground, cannot but change every 
drudgery into dignified labor, and the journal that 
instils and advocates similar elevating and ennob¬ 
ling views of husbandry, is the Farmer’s Paper 
with much more propriety than those which 
excite him to starve purchasers into high prices, 
and even to evade the just claims of his creditors. 
Such business might safely be left to the native 
utilitarianism of corrupt human nature, added to 
Yankee annexation instinctiveness, a combined 
power, which, without further direction from in¬ 
centive editorials, will soon make the discovery 
where and how to scrape, file, and whittle one 
dollar into two; whereas, the Farmer’s Paper, on 
the contrary, should primarily help forward the 
moral purity, scientific range, and experimental 
knowledge of its readers. Woe to the day when 
American Farmers shall be transformed into a set 
of greedy speculators ! The simplicity of country 
people, universally admired, will first be contami¬ 
nated, and eventually cease altogether, only to 
make place for insatiable scheming—the laborer’s 
own life will be a continued scene of mere bodily 
toil, rendered cheerless by the total absorption of 
all his mental faculties in the search after riches, 
and by the providential reverses frequently befalling 
just such a godless, relf-relying course, the com¬ 
munity around him will be exposed to constant 
gnawing, tricking, and bleeding, at each morsel 
of their daily bread. As sure as the basis of 
American grandeur must forever remain her*un- 
paralleled fitness for agricultural success, as certain 
it is that the land cultivators will grow in numbers 
and importance above every other class of her in¬ 
habitants. Ilow immense, then, the consequences 
of right or evil training among that portion of her 
population, on which, as on a solid foundation, the 
whole moral fabric of the State is to rest! How 
sacred, then, the functions of a Farmer’s Paper,_ 
the silent yet mighty tutor of so many living 
minds, on whom already the happiness or misery 
of millions depends, and in whose hands lies the 
future of a whole Continent-just that Continent 
which i3 destined to work out great reforms all 
over the earth! 
Dear Rural, go on in the glorious .task you are so 
nobly performing, not like papers, whi ch, in a nook 
devoted to “family reading,” give us some made- 
up tale of self-denial, or other virtue, and on the 
next page countermine every good feeling stirred 
in the breast of the reader, by positive editoral 
advice, depreciating the abundance with which 
Providence has favored our fields, and making if, 
out the moral duty of the farmer to lock up Gon's 
blessing till even the hay, that costs him nothing, 
and the flesh it grows on his cattle, be outweighed 
by gold. 
I wonder how any paper, this year, by advocating 
high prices, can be said to take up the farmer’s 
cause against a conspiracy of middlemen and 
mendacious journals, when it is a fact, that in the 
speech from the throne, both in England and 
France, the extraordinary abundance of the year 
is quoted in compensation for other trials that 
have befallen those Empires. There is no room 
for a suspicion of “Yankeeism” in such dignified 
State documents! I am right glad and happy to 
observe that the Rural maintains quite another 
line of conduct You will keep your position 
as the Farmer’s Paper, by making it the uniform 
tendency of each column to raise the laborer in 
nobleness of purpose, probity of motives, purity of 
affections, diligence and knowledge. What a con¬ 
tented and useful class of people we shall become, 
under your faithful tuition! We shall work more 
cheerfully, because labor is dignified into an 
attribute of the Deity. Every producer will look 
upon himself as a fellow-laborer with God, helping 
forward the plans of His creative wisdom. If every 
branch of labor is honorable, that of the farmer is 
dignified. It is creative,—it is akin to calling 
things out of nothing. To be the means of chang¬ 
ing one grain into a full ear, is allied to the work¬ 
ings of Him who changed five loaves into a suffi¬ 
ciency for a thousand. What was the miracle here 
but a stupendous farming operation, in which 
the atmosphere alone was the field? The Savior 
showed he was the same God who, from the epoch 
of creation, gave vitality to the seed, by now giving 
vitality to a loaf, organizing it into a seed, yielding 
fruit after its own kind, bread-plant substance, 
ready for the mouth, only that instead of receiving 
part of its nourishment from the ground, it drew 
it exclusively, and with wonderous rapid it}', from 
the atmospheric elements alone; reproducing the 
pruned off portions in new crops, succeeding each 
other with the same eagerness with which the 
hungry beneficiaries honored the invitation of a 
banqueting God. Does our God delight in farm¬ 
ing, in producing food? Does He find divine 
satisfaction in creative labor, and shall not we?— 
Could He not have created this splendid universe 
with one single fiat of omnipotence, instead of 
stretching it out into six days work? Was it want 
of diligence in Him, that He did less than He could? 
No! He desired to show His love of labor, and 
leave us an example. It was His holy will, this 
should be a universe which he both created and 
made, (Gen. 2: 3.) Creative omnipotence feels 
honored in being ranked with the laboring class. 
In further proof of this intention, evening and 
morning are entered in the day-book of creation, 
to show the Divine workman ceased laboring 
when it became dark, just as we should; and as 
He, when quitting work, looked back on the his¬ 
tory of the day, and “saw that it was good,” so 
should we, with each closing day, devoutly con¬ 
template our humble contribution towards the de¬ 
velopment of the creative plans of our great Master, 
and be able heartily to approve of our doings.— 
Tell me, will not such a train of thoughts, accom¬ 
panying our farming operations, make us happy, 
kind and loving? Will not such farming be richly 
remunerative, be the price of produce never so low. 
Cayuga, Ill., 1858. B- m. 
. - ■ ■■ - 
A GOOD HAY-RIGGING. 
Eds. Rural: —I have noticed in some of your 
papers several descriptions of a wagon-rack for 
drawing hay on. Perhaps I am somewhat preju¬ 
diced in favor of my kind, and the same kind may 
be plenty in some parts of the country, but I have 
not seen any, nor seen them described in your 
paper — and I am glad to get anything that will 
make hard work a little more pleasant, and think 
it so with the most of men—so I will give you my 
notion of a rack that can be easily built, and can be 
turned on one-half the ground that the old kind 
can be, and is light, strong and durable. 
I first get a plank 2 inches thick, 18 inches wide, 
and as long as I want the rack. Place it on the 
bolsters, put the king-bolt through it, then get two 
joists, 3 by 8, place them on the bolsters, at the 
stakes, setting up edgewise—take hold of the 
wagon tongue and turn the wheel until it strikes 
the joists, then cut them off 2 inches back of where 
the wheel struck. Mortice through each end of 
the joists, 2 by 6, then put a piece of good wood 
across, pinning it to the plank—place a block on 
the forward end of the plank that will be high 
enough to bring your shelving boards above the 
wheel, then finish the rack to your taste, and you 
will have one that you can turn as short as if you 
had nothing on your running geara— Frank B. 
Stranahen, Cook, Penn., 1858. 
Eds. Rural:— I saw a description of a hay-rig¬ 
ging in your paper that is very good, but I think 
we have an improvement. I will give a descrip¬ 
tion of one. The length of the sills 13 feet, or long 
enough to reach back of the hind wheels, and four 
inches square, put together with slats or rounds, 
made wide enough to fill out to the stakes on the 
hind bolster, and one foot narrower at the forward 
end, or in six inches from the stakes on the rocker. 
It is made narrower here in order to let the forward 
wheels play under the rigging to turn shorter 
about It is kept from slipping sideways by putting 
a piece of three-inch scantling on the rocker, let¬ 
ting the stakes pass through the ends of it, then cut 
two notches 1J inches deep, six inches in from the 
stakes, for the sills to set in. There is four cross¬ 
pieces seven feet long, three and a half inches 
square, (bowing ones are the best,) the first one is 
placed on stakes or posts that set in the sills high 
enough to let the fore wheels play under it; the 
other three are pinned or bolted to the sills, the 
second one back of the fore wheels, and the third 
forward the hind wheels, and the fourth back.— 
There is a board the length of the rigging, nailed 
at the ends of the cross-pieces on the axle outside 
the wheels—a short one from the first to the third 
cross-pieces over the forward wheel, and between 
the outside board and the sill — there are poles or 
hoops bent from the third into the fourth cross¬ 
pieces over the hind wheel. Four stakes, one at 
each corner, twenty inches long, is a plenty.— 
Cedar or spruce is the Ugliest and best timber for 
tl^e sills and cross-pieces. This rigging is low and 
light, and we can turn around short We are fond 
of having our tools and carriages handsome, light, 
convenient, cheap, strong and durable.—0. Taylor, 
1 Wadhams' Mills, Essex Co., N. Y., 1858. 
• “TO MAKE A MEADOW.” 
“ D. C., of Clyde, N. Y.,” wishes to “ make a good 
meadow as soon as he can profitably,” of a piece 
of ground he describes in the Rural of April 3.— 
The course recommended in the editorial remarks 
is a good one, but he may wish a more speedy and 
less laborious process. By fallowing it he cannot 
get a crop of grass before the third year. Three 
ways of shortening the time might be suggested. 
1. “ Grow some hoed crop this summer, giving 
it extraordinary clean culture.” Let this crop be 
one which will ripen early, like beans, King Philip 
corn, or early potatoes. Get off the crop as soon 
as ripe, level and mellow the surface with a gang 
plow and harrow, and sow on grass seed. This 
ought to be done by the middle of September— 
surely before its close—that the grass may get 
rooted before winter. After sowing the grass seed, 
roll down smooth—it will give covering sufficient 
besides fitting it better for the scythe or mowing 
machine. 
2. Sow the ground to barley, spring wheat or oats 
at once, and seed to clover and grass. Sow on 
plaster—a bushel per acre—as soon as the grass 
appears above ground. This grass seed, too, we 
would sow after the last harrowing, rolling it 
down, as above. No doubt some weeds would 
grow but a few years’ mowing would exterminate 
them. A good growth of grass would choke them 
out and kill them, and this manuring and top¬ 
dressing would insure. 
3. Seed to grass at once, depending on the 
scythe and hoe to exterminate the weeds. Plaster 
should be sown as above, and at least two mowings 
per year be given. If the ground is full of weed 
seeds, the course recommended first w r ould only 
dispose of what vegetated the first year; with care, 
either of the other courses would do the same, and 
the great dependence, after all, muBt be on getting 
a good sod and thick growth of grass to choke out 
the weeds and prevent others springing up. 
We should sow a mixture of grass seed, clover, 
timothy, or herd’s grass, and red-top. Clover 
would occupy nearly the whole ground for two or 
three years, after that the other grass would come 
in to fill its place and produce an equal growth of 
grass or hay. We make the above suggestions, 
expecting and inviting criticism—they have their 
origin in experiments made in four years’ farming. 
Niagara Co., N. Y., June, 1858. A Young Farmer. 
SO. NEW YORK AND NO. PENNSYLVANIA, 
Eds. Rural: —It was my lot a short time ago, to 
visit some of the Northern Counties of Pennsylva¬ 
nia and Southern Counties of New York, and I can 
say it is evident to the passer by, that a large ma¬ 
jority of the inhabitants of these counties, (Tioga, 
Bradford and Susquehanna, of Penn., and Steuben, 
Chemung, Tioga, Tompkins, Schuyler and Yates, 
of N. Y.,) are an industrious, enterprising and 
prosperous people. It is almost as easy to know 
who reads the Rural, as it is to know oats from 
barley as they grow side by side in the field.— 
Where the Rural is read, you will see smooth 
roads, farms in good order, fruit trees well pruned 
and free from worm’s nests and black-knot, fences 
in good condition, free from every unsightly in¬ 
cumbrance, such as old brush, stumps, weeds and 
bushes, &c., &c. Find a farm the reverse of this, 
and call on the owner, and say,—“ Sir, will you take 
the Rural?” his reply is, almost universally,—“I 
am not able, it is such hard times.” I would say, 
“ clear off yonder hedge, w r here you can raise four 
extra rows of corn or potatoes, which will more 
than pay for the Rural, and besides it will look so 
much better,” and I am answered,—“ I don’t be¬ 
lieve in your book-farming,—we can’t support it,— 
we have hard work to live now, without taking 
papers. Perhaps you will see a few men of this 
stamp, discussing whether it will pay to purchase 
a horse-rake or not I heard one say,—“ Why, I 
have got only about fourteen acres in two fields, 
one of ten and one of four acres, to rake, and the 
small one is too confined to turn round on with a 
horse-rake.” Such economy might do to talk 
about twenty-five years ago, I Ait it is inexcusable 
in this day, and in such a country as this, where 
the face of the earth is smooth enough, where the 
stumps are out, and where, on a majority of farms, 
in t,he surrounding country, they use mowing and 
reaping machines, seed drills, &c. 
Ilorseheadg, Chem. Co., N. Y., 1858. J. W. 
GAPES IN CHICKENS. 
Messrs. Eds.: —Having noticed an inquiry as to 
the cause and cure of the gapes in chickens, ac¬ 
companied by the remarks of the editor, in a late 
number of the Rural, I take the liberty to present 
a theory as to the cause; and also a sure remedy. 
As far as my observation has extended, the disease 
is caused by a white “ hair worm” (found in chip 
yards) getting into the throat of the chick, thereby 
choking it. The remedy is this, viz.:—Fill a pipe 
with tobacco, as for smoking, and after lighting, 
(instead of inserting the stem into your own 
mouth and whiffing the smoke into the atmosphere 
thereby poisoning the air you breathe,) insert the 
stem into the bill of the chick, and by placing 
your thumb and fore finger each side of the bill, 
so as to force as much of the smoke down the 
throat and wind-pipe as possible, then blow into 
the bowl of the pipe and continue to do so until 
it begins to “ wilt” and lop its head, then lay it 
down and it will, after a time, begin to recover 
from the effects of the smoke, and being once up 
again it will indignantly throw the worms out of 
its breathing and gastronomic apparatus and be 
perfectly recovered from the disease. 
East Pharsalia, N. Y., 1858. J. B. Baker. 
Who would not be a Farmer? —The Louisville 
Courier, pays the following tribute to the occupa¬ 
tion of the Farmer:—“If a young man wants to 
engage in business that will ensure him, in middle 
life, the greatest amount of leisure time, there is 
nothing more sure than farming. If he has an in¬ 
dependent turn of mind, let him be a farmer. If 
he wants to engage in a healthy occupation, let 
him till the soiL In short, if he would be indepen¬ 
dent let him get a spot of earth; keep within his 
means, to shun the lawyer; bo temperate to aveid 
the doctor; be honest, that he may have a clear 
conscience; improve the soil so as to leave the 
world better than he found it; and then, if he can¬ 
not live happily and die content, there is no hope 
for him.” 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
Wheat after Barley. —“X. Y. Z.” wishes to 
know if I “expect wheat sown after barley will 
succeed and become a good crop.” 
“ Manured freely for corn,” plowed deeply the 
next year and sowed to barley, then “a dressing of 
decomposed barn manure ” turned under with a 
shallow furrow, “sowing the wheat early and do¬ 
ing all the work in the best manner,” (as advised 
in my communication,) will give a good crop of 
wheat—unless destroyed by insects. We grew 
fifteen bushels per acre, last year, without manure, 
and should have had twenty-five, but for the midge 
and wire-worm. I would not recommend growing 
two grain crops in succession, like this, but for the 
purpose of extending the rotation one year longer, 
and obtaining a better chance to seed down; bar¬ 
ley standing thicker and shading the surface more 
below than wheat or rye, and hence less favorable 
to a good “ catch ” of grass. With good rotten 
manure—wheat will do as well here as anywhere, 
in the opinion of— A Young Farmer, Roy alt on, 
Niagara Co., N. K, June, 1858. 
Drying up of the Pith. —In your remarks on 
inquiries from a “ Young Reader,” (page 185,) with 
reference to the pithy centre of twigs, while that 
of the mother-tree is hard, you say, “ Why these 
things are so, the wisest cannot say.” Without 
pretension to anything approaching the superla¬ 
tive of wisdom, as a medical man, it struck me 
that the drying and shrivelling up of so important 
an organ as the pith in youDg trees, without its 
absence being felt in large branches or trees, very 
much resembles the gradual vanishing of the 
respiratory apparatus in the human foetus when 
compared with that of the infant already using its 
lungs. It may be that in the vegetable kingdom 
likewise with the development of the leaves, the 
lungs of the plants, the pithy gills through which 
probably air, along with humors, has been imbibed, 
gradually withers when they become useless by 
adolescence.—B. J. M., Cayuga, III., 1858. 
INQUIRIES AND ANSWERS. 
How to Eradicate Brush in Pasture Lands — 
If any of the Rural correspondents will inform 
me of the best and cheapest mode of eradicating 
brush in pasture land, they will render me a great 
favor. The brush is composed of whortleberry, 
barbery, low laurel, &c.—A. J. II., Warren, Conn., 
1858. 
Cows Losing their Milk. — I would like to in¬ 
quire through your paper a way to prevent a cow 
from leaking her milk. We have a favorite cow 
from whose milk we made ten pounds of butter in 
the month of May, after taking care of her calf, 
besides all that we used in the family. —Geo. A 
Allen, Ilock Stream, N. Y., 1858. 
A Hard Udder. —Will you or some Rural read¬ 
er give the cause and remedy for a small hard 
bunch at the upper part of a cow’s teat? We can 
hardly milk her.—A. P. W., Jackson Co., Iowa. 
Garget, in some of its forms, is the disease,— 
Any of the remedies, of which we have published 
many this year, we recommend to our correspon¬ 
dent 
Poultry in a Village. — Please allow me to 
inquire through your paper the best method of 
keeping poultry in a village? and also what is the 
best kind for producing eggs?—A Subscriber, El¬ 
mira, N. Y., June, 1858. 
Remarks. —Poultry in a village are a source of 
pleasure and some small profit, or an annoyance 
and a loss—all depending, not upon the kinds, but 
upon the manner in which they are kept If 
allowed to run at large, they destroy everything in 
the garden, dirty up the walks and door-steps, get 
into the neighbors’ gardens, and make ill-feeling, 
and some of them return with bruised bodies and 
broken legs, while others are among the missing. 
This is one bad way to keep fowls in villages. 
Another is to make a small house and yard, and 
crowd too many in a small space, without proper 
attention to cleaning, ventilation, &c. The result 
from this is, the fowls become diseased, many die, 
and those that survive lay but few eggs, are lousy, 
poor and sick, are miserable themselves, and make 
every one miserable who looks at them. The 
house in such a case produces a stench injurious 
to comfort and health. The only true way is to 
build a neat house that can be kept cleaned easily, 
and then keep it clean, a large yard, in which should 
be kept a pile of coarse sand, ashes and lime. A 
few feet of the yard should be spaded up every 
morning, so as to give the fowls a chance to rake 
in the fresh earth. Food should be kept where it 
cannot become mixed with filth, and fresh water 
constantly where they can get it. Put but few 
fowls in the house—if you think a dozen would be 
about right, keep only half a dozen, and they will 
give you more eggs than the whole twelve. Occa¬ 
sionally, when you have time and disposition, 
about an hour before roosting time, let them take a 
run in the garden, and they will pick up a great 
many insects, and do good to themselves and the 
garden. As a general thing young hens are best, 
as they usually lay better and are not as mischie¬ 
vous as older fowls, but for setting and bringing 
up a young family we like an old, experienced 
mother. Cats are very apt to destroy young 
chickens in cities and villages. We have lost a 
dozen in this way the present season. A little 
strychnine on pieces of meat will generally pre¬ 
vent their depredations. We have one little old 
hen, (one of the very best of mothers,) who from 
having lost many little ones by these feline destroy¬ 
ers, has imbibed such an aversion to the whole race> 
that she will watch for a cat, like a dog, and pounce 
upon any intruder with the greatest vehemence 
and rage. We shut her in a coop this Bpring, with 
a brood of young chickens, and one morning some 
of the family were awakened by her flutterings and 
cries. On looking out she was making desperate 
efforts to get out of her coop to her young brood, 
part of which were outside, and one we saw carried 
off by a cat. Since that event she gives the cats 
no quarter. Her brood are now as large as her¬ 
self, and yet she watches over them and defends 
and feeds them with the greatest care, although 
laying well for more than a month. We have 
another heD, a black Shanghai chicken of last fall, 
which hatched out a brood in May, and in four 
weeks from that time she had laid half a dozen 
eggs, and keeps laying, but we cannot commend 
her as a nurse and mother. 
The Horse Show and Holiday Exhibition of 
the Monroe Co. Ag. Society, held on the Fair 
Grounds of the Society, on Monday, proved very 
successful. The display of horses was pronounced 
highly creditable in most departments, while the 
other features of the Exhibition gave general satis¬ 
faction. The Anniversary Exercises—consisting of 
a Prayer by Rev. Dr. Dewey, Reading of the Decla¬ 
ration of Independence, by H. G.Warner, Esq., and 
Addresses by Alfred Ely and Willard Hodges, 
Esqs., and remarks by other speakers, interspersed 
with music—were attended by a large audience.— 
The Exhibition of HOrse-TamiDg was not as com¬ 
plete as desirable, for the reason that proper ani¬ 
mals were not brought forward. The Balloon 
Ascension, by Prof. Steiner, was a magnificent 
affair — the finest exhibition of the kind ever made 
in this section of the Union. The weather was ex¬ 
ceedingly favorable, the attendance estimated at 
over Ten Thousand, and we believe the vast Con¬ 
course of people were generally satisfied that the 
Society fulfilled its announcements relative to the 
Holiday Exhibition. A list of the premiums 
awarded will be given in our next number. 
Messrs. Haines’ Sale of Improved Stock.— 
The following is the result of the recent public 
sale of Short-Horn Cattle, Brood Mares and Colts, 
and Swine, by Messrs. B. & C. S. Haines, of Eliza¬ 
beth, New Jersey: 
Short-Horns—Jiulls.— Columbus, sold to D. B. Kershaw, 
Phila., $195; Layfayette, Win. Hurst, Albany, $205; San- 
bicaD, H. C. Greenwall, Penn., $185; Mohican, E. D. Pierce, 
Providence, R. I., $150; Essex Hero, Robert Campbell, 
New Jersey, $205; Gen. Havelock, D. B. Kershaw, $200. 
Cows. —I/ady Cartaret, Robert Campbell, $140; Gertrude, 
Win. Kelly, Rbinebeck, N. Y., $215; Creampot 6th, Wm. 
Kelly, $125; JenDy Lind, E. Halsted, New Jersey, $110; 
Duchess Rose, E. Halsted, $110; Jessie Brown, George W. 
Adams, N. Y., $60; Rose, E. J. Halsted, $75; Sophie, A. 
B. Cobger, N. Y., $30; Nymph 5th, Timothy Mather, Hart¬ 
ford, Conn., $250; Gipsey 3d, Dan. Talmage, New Jersey, 
$120; Nymph 8th, R. Thurseb, Brooklyn, 100; Nymph 
9th, D. B. Kershaw, $200; Nymph, Wm. Hurst, $165; Zoe 
Imported, A. B. Conger, $325; Sunshine, Henry Meeker, 
New Jersey, $290; Nymph 7th, D. B. Kershaw, $700. 
Brood Mares and Colts. —Black Hawk Maid, Wm. Hurst> 
$225; Fanny Kemble, do., $210; White Stocking, Wm. 
Kelly, $110; Lady Franklin, G. W. Adams, $170; Pet, E. 
J. Crowley, New Jersey, $160; Aurora C. P. Wood, N. Y., 
$260. 
Swine. —Twenty-five pairs Suffolk Pigs brought from 
$10 to $15 per pair; 6 pairs Berkshire?, from $10 to $18 
per pair. 
Plowing by Steam. —A recent number of the 
Mark Lane Express, (London,) speaking of the pro¬ 
gress that has been made in the construction of 
machinery for plowing by the use of this motor, 
says:—“The steam-plow would appear to be nearer 
a realization than many might suppose. The Salis¬ 
bury failures are already forgotten, or satisfactorily 
explained. Mr. Smith, of Woolston, has now, it is 
said, upwards of thirty of his implements in use.— 
Mr. Fowler still continues to work by contract; 
while Mr. Romaine is in better heart than ever as 
to the success of his scheme. The great test of 
such a process is becoming practicably susceptible 
of an application. There is to be economy in 
every possible way—a saving of money, labor and 
time. The work, too, is to be better done and the 
results proportionately greater. Mr. Smith, Mr. 
Meciii, or Mr. Fowler will either of them testify 
to a quarter more per acre, where steam power has 
superseded that of horses. The improvements of 
late have been, in fact, so striking, that we are told 
to look upon the experiment as accomplished. 
Mr. Smith has Bold his cart-horses, and talks not 
only of what he himself, but what his ‘brother 
farmers,’ are doing. Mr. Fowler is yet more de¬ 
cisive in his dicta,—as far as steam-plowing was 
concerned, he considered his task done.” 
Manufacture of Prize Cattle. —A late issue 
of the Ayr (Scotland) Advertiser contains the fol¬ 
lowing relative to “ getting up” stock for exhibi¬ 
tion, which shows conclusively that some of the 
sons of Scotia have imbibed the celebrated maxim 
of Samuel Patch, Esq., viz.:—“Some things can 
be done as well as others.” The Advertiser says:— 
“ The discovery was made on the morning after the 
recent show at Ayr that the two year old bull for 
which the first prize had been awarded had been 
decorated for the occasion with a pair of false 
horns. A thin band of gutta percha was put round 
the base of the horns, and was fastened by some 
adhesive substance, and the hair was carefully 
placed over it. The skin of the animal had been 
punctured behind the shoulder, and air blown in to 
prevent a slight hollow from being observed. The 
third animal in the same class had also been altered 
in appearance by puncturing and blowing. An 
aged bull which had been practiced upon in a sim¬ 
ilar manner was turned out by the judges, the dis¬ 
covery having been made before the prizes were 
adjudicated. The prizes were withheld, and the 
directors of the exhibition intend laying the case 
before the Procurator fiscal for the Crown Counsel, 
to decide whether or not the exhibitor can be 
criminally prosecuted.” 
Sowing Turnips. — On this point the Maine 
Farmer, says:—“Common turnips may be sown 
from the middle of July to the middle of August. 
We prefer the last week in July, if the weather is 
not too dry. Almost every farmer has patches of 
rich low ground, where the youngs corn has been 
destroyed by the wet weather of the past month, 
and such ground is generally well suited for turnips, 
if well plowed and pulverized. Or what is better 
still, clear up a piece of new ground, free from 
grasB and weeds, and after plowing or well har¬ 
rowing, sow the seed at the rate of one pound to 
the acre, and cover with a brush-harrow.” 
Wyoming Co. Ag. Society.— The Annual Fair of 
this Society is announced to be held at Warsaw, on 
the 28th, 29th and 30th days of September. Hon. 
A. B. Dickinson will deliver the annual address 
on the 29th. 
Money invested in a tool, and the tool left ex¬ 
posed to the weather, is like money loaned to a 
spendthrift with no security received. It both in¬ 
stances it is a dead loss, and the result of in o 
lence or inexcusable indifference to ones own 
interest. 
