TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
YOL IX, NO. 30.1 
MOORE’S RURAL HEW-YORKER, 
“ PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-SATURDAY, JULY M, 1858. 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
WHOLE NO. m, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D, D. T. MOORE, broadcast, as soon as soon as out of danger from of St. Louis, Mo., 2,199 feet in depth, discharges at 
WITH AN able corps oe assistant editoes. tb e fl 7> hoe to from six to eight inches apart If the rate of 98,000 gallons daily, — one in Charles- 
tbe season is dry use the hoe very freely and keep ton, South Carolina, about 29,000. 
SSTJ: to'SrTth7,‘i' Stlr " <i ’ “■ 7 0U 1,1,1 n °* b0 lil£ely 7 hl “ 18 ,he of constructing those 
beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his personal atten- , g 1 tliat tbe Hnoc0u P 10 d ground was SOWn to wells Upon clay, grave), Or Sandy soil?” is One of 
tion to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly labors turnips. the inquiries of Mr. White. We cannot more 
TT« y r wet tbi ’ ,,ncst,on thM 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates it embraces ™ I ,re8ent time » though, if the season is fa- the difficulties encountered at Charleston, S. C. 
more Agricultural, Horticultural Scientific, Educational, Literary and vorabIe > and frosts do not set in too early in the In 1821 the first attempt was made by the city to 
News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, f ft H» a cr0 P Of buckwheat may be grown after the Obtain water by this aceUCV It failed ns did fnnr 
than anv nthAr fonmal— Mmsforin* if ——i* - — » i , , _ . ^ « J* u»»wu uiu iuui 
ashes or plaster will facilitate the growth when 
young, and this is the great point to be aimed at. 
If the fly appears, sow ashes or anything gritty on 
at Crenelle is 1,806 feet deep, and the water flows 
at the rate of 500,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. 
In IvissengeD, the discharge is 100 cubic feet per 
the young leaves when wet with dew. If sown minute. The well belonging to Messrs. Belcher, 
broadcast, as soon as soon as out of danger from of St. Louis, Mo., 2,199 feet in depth, discharges at 
than any other journal,— rendering it the most complete Agricultu¬ 
ral, Literary and Family Journal in America. 
middle of July. About a bushel of seed is gener¬ 
ally sown to the acre, broadcast, though where 
other trials made between that period and 1848.— 
In the latter year, Maj. Y/elton, a gentleman who 
iir ah communications, and business letters, should bo addressed tbe soil is tolerably good three pecks would be had much experience in their construction insti- 
to 1). I), t. MOORE, Rochester, n. y. sufficient ^ tuted an experiment which succeeded. The strata 
Fob Terms and other particulars, see last page. _____ -*1V __ TTrr flrst Penetrated were alluvial sands, saturated with 
- - - — - ■ ' - 1Ar< W *‘ LLS - water, which caused them to run as quicksand.— 
SR 2YY (turn Eoa - BuRALi-Desiring some information in reference to 1 ll ! 3e were ’ 8hut out by cast-iron tubing, six inches 
ARTESIAN WELLS. 
Eds. Rural: Desiring some information in reference to 
FARM ECONOMY. 
Artesian Wells, I write this to you:—1st. What is the in diameter, which pierced the clays and marls, and 
practicability of constructing these wells upon claj,gravel finall y rested upon the rock at the depth of 230 
or sandy soil? 2d. Is there a machine for doing the busi- feet. From this point down, alternations of hard 
ness in the country —if so, where? 3d. About what rock and loose sand weje met, the latter causing 
is the cost? 4th. What is their durability? You will the same trouble as those above, running in and 
muchob lerfl mfliw Yf P f 17 ....... .... > r> 
CAHOON S HAND BROADCAST SEED SOWER. 
' JSliSiS full ' • 
* f 1 ' portrays the character ty of Artesian Wells, I take this method of gaining the At L020 feet sand was again met with, the thin tub- 
ine ma “ more pl and forctWy than words desired information. Please inform me, through the col- ing previously put in was removed, and heavier CAHOON’S HAND BROADCAST SEED qmvFR 
can do. The merchant may have every element umns of your valuable paper, whether there are compa- iron substituted. The sinking was continued to _-__ UWU{ ' 
ot character necessary to success, and yet faiL His nies forme(1 for the purpose of digging such wells, where i 250 feet— the last strata heW u , 
business is, in many respects, one of chance-the the ? are located > ,he P rice P er f °°t for digging, and a ^ d marl _ when ; hc _ ‘ . u . " g "TA ’ „ Tnis machine ha8 been introduced in many sec- may be desired. To the sheet metal honner «„ 
winds may wreck, and the waves swallow up his , such ° ther matters aH you 660 P r °P 0r to « ive in re e arJ j a reference to the ,, , • .. ched> . tlons of tho country during the past few months, tached a cloth hopper of convonie, t v PP 
richest treasures, andcommercial disasters which w descrip1ion -l NQUIRER , Woodland, 1558. , °. f 3inklng artesian wells thoroughly tested, and very generally approved.- The machine hi HZ J I dimensions, 
the wisest could not foresee, sweep away, in a few In an8werin g> a8 far » 8 in our power, the queries h th y f fmi elnformatlon ; In ! ' rance ’ Tt was Awt patented Sept. 1st., 1857-re-issued May means of a belt pissing ^ by 
short months, the fruits of a life 0 f to£ A of our correspondents, it may be both profitable J 7™ “ um ro ^ tra « a are 11th, 1858. The inventor furnishes the following around the,211Then 1 demand 
few lucky strikes may yield a rich harvest of and fl g reeable to enter briefly into the history of f t M r ‘ 1 rua,,ul S Iuetie ol cents per description of the construction, operation and ca- discharger revolves with £ r r «o. PU . iao P eratlon fRe 
gold to the venturesome and presump^hich thia descri P tion of well, and we will premise our V ; h ° 1 ha9 ^already sunk neariy one pacity of this novel Seed Sower: the seTbrJadowt by centr^S J 
the more able and careful may never reap. The romarks h 7 8tatic K are indebted to that very , ' ... r !l. ,r ^ bhes f pu ' e water > 8t «f a8 “The framing of this machine is made of mal- vertical to the horizon The i! i f°^ 6 In . aplane 
amount of success, therefore, is not always a sure Valuable work - the ^ W*. Cyclopedia, for l^ZZf 12'°L t ^ ^ ir ° D ‘ 1,1 ^ thu on the di charger whi^£ ,L d ^ thC 
test of the ability of the merchant The Lmer is the facta pre80a <ed. ^ ts Tbit it q f ° r ^ mad ?' ! n IHineis end of a horizontal shaft, is placed a flaring tabu- from the lower part i£L «T I T7 
subject to no such sudden and overwhelming ca- The appeilation, Artesian, is derived from the L nde nts ire no’sto lTt° f weater f co , rres lar discharger, having blades or flanchcs on thus prevented from being distribn^Yt ^ 18 
lamities, for the sun shines and the rain falls alike province of Ar tois, in France, anciently called ,, , „ , P , d . pon sul, J ect and we the inside. Above this discharger, and leading a quantity towards the oentro d in too large 
on the evil and the good, and seed time and har- Artesinm > in which these wells have for a long see fit to Ive 0 receive an y information they may into it, is a hopper, made of sheet metaland firmly be the case. ’ " ° U d otherwise 
vest fail not If he succeeds, he does so bv the P erlod been in use. Ancient writers have occa- a ' ,, , , fastened to the framing. Inside of this hopper, is This machine is «nbafo«n„ii.. v -u 
ability which he possesses wisely to devise and sionalI y alluded to them, consequently they mast j 1h • . 1Cm aalfi ar0 douDtlcss engaged a stirring rod, which has a reciprocating motion utes the seed in a verv mmo y U * 1 and dlstnb ' 
promptly to execute-by the union of mind and have been knowa to «>. people of an early day. uJ cllpoed ^^ “ when the machine is in operation, and is for the at the ordinary gait of a^?,Tf nT*”’ 
matter, head and hands. A clear head and dili- lhe Chmese are known to have used them at a very inIroni f f L r . T1 , 111 exchange states that purpose of preventing the seed from clogging.— per hour or seven acres ' ’ ' J r acrt ' 3 of oats 
gent hands ensure success, and without these fail- rem0te period ' Those^tt ^ On the side of the framing is a. crank attached to Za ZcZtZ of v c ^aving 
nre is certain. Water P a88 es down into the earth by flowing be- wp J ® ™ P p J . d n t U3 hae . of bu81Q ess would do a toothed wheel on a transverse shaft, which wheel which is made f i l0 , r8e Power Machine ’ 
The profits of farming are not large, and are very the crevices of the rocks, and by percolating 8 lo na ^ 0CCa ‘ connects b T K 0a ”ng with the shaft on which is ing wagon and which &< h ll bee?"LTT IT 
easilv dissinfttpfi bv a limp ___ A through the porous strata. In lirrmstn™ sionaiiy—imparting information to the communi- nlaeed the flisc.bsrvor »n,i o, m whlcb bas been received at tho 
auu yet lain ills oi uiggmg Bucn wens, wnere j 250 feet lbe Inst utroio _ 
i of chance—the the y ar e located, the price per foot for digging, and ‘ ‘ eg sandstones, sand This machine has been introduced in many sec- may be desired Totheabeot * , . 
swallow up his such other mtttters as 808 prop-r to give^fn Sgard tions of the country during the past few months, tacLd a " 10 ^ 0000 ^ metal bopper * 8 a t- 
disasters which to wells of this deseription.-:I nquiree, Woodland, 1558. Ia refer0nc «>to the cost of sinking artesian wells thoroughly tested, and very generally approved.— The machine ^ r )f e°n ve nient dimensions. 
mawav in atw In “ring, as far as in our power, the queries ZZT ' *** information ' In France ’ » was first patent^ Sept. 1st, 1 857-relssued May means of a belt nt" 6 l ° the bod ^ ^ 
life of’ toil A of our correspondents, it may be both profitable / . ar ° V ® ry Ilum01OU8 - contracts are made 11th, 1858. The inventor furnishes the following around the waist wYcn 8houlders and 
rich harv st of and agreeabIe to briefly into the history of llZcT “f 6 " 51 CGnt9 per description of the construction, operation and ca" 
imptnens which thia description of well, and we will premise our f° 0t * Co^ej, who has already sunk nearly one pacity of this novel Seed Sower: the seei^br^adcas^ B “ d throWB 
ever reap 'Hie rft marks by stating we are indebted to that very .!' U1 rC > cach of which irn^hes pure water, states “Tlie framing of this machine is made of mal- vertical to the horizon " ugal ^°. e in a P la “e 
it a ways a sure Vfllnable ™'k, the Neu, American Cyclopedia, for h ° f ^ ' a ** ntM * that aa ^Me iron. In front of the framing, and on the Sarger^whit n ra, 1 i tb « 
always a sure Bresen(ftd . 1 ’ age depth of 12o feet for those made, in Illinois end of a hor.Wal B b»ft n i. Ml , 1 , WhlIe iu lapid motioa 18 carrieB away 
matter, head and hands. A clear head and dili- known to ^ U8ed ^them at a very in i r0 q U Vi 8 Co., Ill., thTre ! 
gent hands ensure success, and without these fail- ™ penod - Xhose employed in this lii 
nre is certain. W a ter passes down into the earth by flowing he- , y . 
The profits of farming are not large, and are very J” 660 th ® crevice8 of the rocks, and by percolating gionaUvi-teiparttaK^nforn 
easily dissipated by a little mismanagement or ^ hrou S h the Porous strata. In limestone regions t t 1 ,, 5 .. f 
carelessness, and this is the reason why many who ^ ° ft f en h ^ low3 out . for itself a bed - b 7 dissolving / ecunia * ; dvar !2e 
leave their occupations and engage in farming with 116 3tone ' - bus forming caves. The large streams y _ g * 
high hopes, are sadly disappointed, and after a few flow [ n K thron g k these, and the smaller rivulets pass- TO ^ tt 
years of failure leave the business in disgust. A ! Dg betweea the rock y layers, are constantly seek- A MEADOW.—NO. II. 
little mismanagement makes his grain crop small; for tbem8 clves lower levels. When forced by TnE best time in the sea: 
through the porous strata. In limestone regions Z T,- 1 “T ,, , ° n 10 me commuap placed the discharger, and speeds it up to 24 revo- West with "“7^ Z luceivea at tb0 
i“ f . “ K , by dI “ ol,i “ 8 »d°anf.«. ’ '°. ,heir i”" 0 ”’*° T 8f lhe gi«n at ,n° Spt ' ng ' Wil1 
TnE best time in the season for seeding land to 
ed with a slide on the front of the machine for Further information relative to this invention 
governlagtheflow of the seed, and enable, tho ope- I maj be obtained by addreeelng tho propriete of 
ratorto regnlato the quantity to be .own per acre an | the patent, Mr. D. H. Pmeisn, Portland, Maine. 
a little carelessness spoils the hay, rains the fod- the pre88ure behind, they are pushed up through herds’ grass or TimotBv as well ss 
sssaS 
ago,) must labor to keep down all unnecessary ex di]P .J 0wairiih ° lower level; if the inclina- not that it would fill two or three columns of our ripe 80 a3 to 8be ” out some seed in making the savfoSvnoSnd/r n n ° e ’ 1 hl ve to contain, 
peases, and also endeavor, by the judicious appli- ^° n be ia y tb ® opp f * te direction, the waters will paper _ we hope to condense JJe mSl uZ ^ &nd then rCceived 200 busbel8 leached a8be8 - S r/ u? aCGOrding to one author ’ 
cation of labor, manure and means, to raise the be m ° r ° likeI ^ to find tbeir way down the slope, into less space!* ° ^ 6 mate ” al feCtS Tbi8 bought in considerable' clover; and thick- I My P ° U “ dS „° f h ° ney 
lnuMAni « . . than Q/>moa T„ _ __ . a . ...» I _ 1 11 > aTu USG(1 in G fthnnati ooo hah »> .1 ^ c _ _ _ _ 
grass or TimotBy, as well as red-top and and tb ® Surfa( ; e wa8 8 encrall y br oken and uneven, improved hive. This can readily be done bvusin* 
racooa ___ /. . Un PiOtS a 3.11(1 I), thfirfi Wftfl th?’PA tuna nf Viatr* /xn T r r . .. . . J * olil 5 
barrassment from which it is difficult or impossi¬ 
ble to recover. The farmer, we need not tell most 
of our readers, (as it is a lesson they learned long 
a,go,) must labor to keep down all unnecessary ex- 
ripe so as to shell out some seed in making the I qa ^ PP g ’ ^° r ,n8tance > the old hive to contain, 
hay, and then received 200 bushels leached ashes fly Z potmd8of hon ey- according to one author, 
This brought in considerable clover, and thick- I nntry Ouraie," twenty pounds of honey 
enedthe red-top so as to give a fair’erop, but it ZvTu •“ elaboratiD « . one P°™d of wax, un- 
has always fallen below the TW..I cawh _ doubtedly in some cases it takes less, and perhaps 
ate^ it is not hi’l?v bas alway8 fal '« a below the" part sown in autumn ^ 0 ^ °T t taka3 ^ aad perbap8 
__ _ “®* ; “ not blll y, by one-half to three-fourths of a tun per acre The * ® thers according to the temperature of 
another time; and will merely say that some far- 81nkin S of tbeae wells - B y continued labor and wa ter ' ^‘ iU lt; t,iry ' ) e 8ur face November sowing, compared with that of Septem- ^ h \ VG ’ ° r m ° ther word8 ’ nearl y a8 much honey 
mers we know of make enough out of little things, * 0 „ in * to great depths-where the surface is lower i n i 8 5l, when it came in his possession he cut b ' 6r ’ iS fU " y equaI ’ and on the whole he prefers toflBB Slin 1 "? ** i “ akesof bone ^ 
which others neglect, to yield them a fair living tba “ the surrounding country-the chances favor four tuns of inferior hay from seven -ere* Ha f SeediDg a9 late as lt caa bo done and not have tlie t . e ”’ a hlV ° coatamin B f orty pounds of 
profit on their whole business. Those living near 8trikln g water that has its source at a higher level. an acre had corn and u ! a H ? f seed vegetate before the spring following. honey, it will require nearly forty pounds of honey 
cities are very favorably situated for making money If tbe first 8 u PP lie8 do not meet the requirements, g0 od condition. This in 1852 ^ ^ “ 0ther experiments in grass culture arc mention- l ° be , U3e . d f ° r the comb ’ whlch is worth at lea8t > «t 
in this way, as fruit, vegetables, and many things a S reater depth is sought, and new streams struck. rye , with clover * herd* grass and^redt^ t0 ed_t ° thes0 we sha11 devotVanother" artid^as 8hilling pCr P ° Und ’ nearly flvo dollars - Tbe ’re- 
we need not enumerate, which the farmer can Sometimes the head is at so high an elevation that summer was hot and dry' the rye was nmt 2 w0 think the sub J ect 0110 of especial’interest to t | ,an8f6rred sfcock of bees, if the combs 
raise without any material outlay and readily sell the column bursts forth like a fountain. To check the grass almost disappeared undTrThe soGrnbi^ those (and the number is constantly increasing) ZliT I old ’ decayed ’° r 7° rn out, there is a 
for a good price. the supply in the well at Crenelle, in the Paris sun of midsnmmen 1 R rolled Wh ° desire to give tbe S ra88 ^ ro P a more promL “ V “ g ; . to Say n ? th, 1 n f °l th * l 038 of beebread > op 
i _, ... . . basin, a vertical ninA la raiooa .1 _.— . ‘ ewhat, and m ripnt niano in a _r of the time required for the ©laboratian of wax and 
in this way, as fri 
we need not enu 
raise without any 
for a good price. 
TRANSFERRING BEES. 
Messrs. Eds.:— In tho Rural of June 12th, B. H. 
of the time required for the elaboratian of wax and 
the construction of comb, of at least the above 
amount, which in these hard times is worth the due 
consideration of all bee-keepers. 
I would never recommend driving unless the 
hca ”° 
tzssxjlt. c r,r pring ptotibg K ss st%r* ,ns out like » pa,m % r a i m . t° ,T ,ied ,n tbe bm pw " A z 
gstHxSS SHHSSS 
these and other causes almost every farmer has 
ground unoccupied, and we com- ItZTt Z'Z’ T* “ *1 f 5* »«»* f '““ «** * betlcVhT™. JSSi ZZi“Z 
the most of T m 7 e t0 "f **7™ l ° ^ 1838 the SU PP 1 X of water from them was estimated nlnt 1 °> , ’ f rcmainin & acre ~ as stated iu “X communication of May 15tb, I have never seen any of these dwarf bees they tell 
tion to two! y ™ d ° f g round ’ aud t0 cal1 at ten- at G ,OCO,000 gallons only; in 1851 this amount was lit of ZT1 ^ SeG i ded Wlth & mix ' W ° Uld adV1S6 y ° U t0 lo ° k wel1 to your own inte rest about, (nor do lever expect to,) and I venture to say 
a good return° P!l & ^ ^ ^ ^ “ Snd }1Gld nearly doubled - and tbe ani mal average fall of the quarter acre r ’ a ^ seec The bef °- r ° atturnptiDg 5t ' and P art >y ™y object in writ- that Quinby, Langstkoth, and other distinguish- 
The U 7 7 r r • height 0f the water was about two feet In single suffering oon’sidemll t « P tember > although ing is to communicate a few facts to yon, and per- ed apiarists, will agree with me that a well ventila- 
ihe White Turnip may be sown any time during wells, however, the supply of water, or the height at the f ** 7 I ^ *77 produccd ha P 8 beneflt man y others trough the columns of ted hive will answer for breeding purposes, or for 
now Z eV6n 6 7 iD AUgU8t ’ bUt Sh ° uld be got in t0 which 5t rise3 > Beldom differ& A t Sillers France that seeded Nove T 7 ** I 7 ^ ^ ^ welcome RL ’ nAr “ 8t0 r iag b oney, five or six years. I believe the 
now, as soon as soon as possible. Have the ground is one which has been in continual operation since the suH^ Novem ,er ’ '>■ P™ duced one tun, and Had I last year been as well informed upon the Langstroth hive to be the best ventilated hive in 
as line tilth as possible, and sow broadcast some 1126— seven hundred and thirty two years. ^ In ^n ’ 1 °° ke i d 77 in 1 8Ustained b 7 driving, I should have existence, as it is so constructed that if desirable 
less than 11 ! 3 lf °i Beed t0 the acre ' 0r better > drill in The capacity of artesian wells is, of course gov- the herds’ crio* hll ^™i &S ? ,? WS: ° n p atrt ’ done quite differently; now, instead of driving, I a current of pure air can be continually passing 
in the ro l tbl3quantity - about 8ix ^ches apart erned by the geological formation of the sections in *o as to coveMhf !”l u 71°! 17° differen0 e of the two modes you will under, around, and over every sheet ofcomb in 
he hr A ?! r ° WS fr ° m ° ne t0 two feet If in which the 7 are 8Q nk, the surface of the surround- was a beautiful w ? °?v, P l ’i readily perceive. What is understood by driving, the hive, and the foul or impure air can make its 
to ei*hJ, d * ? ed upon for clean ng, from a foot in% country, their depth, and the volume of the face while on plot /th/’ ? overing tba wholesur ‘ 18 ' 8im P ] y to remove the bees from one hive to an- exit through the upper or surplus honey chamber 
to eighteen inches will answer. A dressing of streams encountered in their construction. That deal’ of tl ?iove l k^d a g° 0 d other; to transfer, is to remove the ben, comb, so that the combs are kept bright, healthy, and in 
deal of the clover, there were many bare spots, brood, honey, bee-bread and all, from the old into the good condition. I have in my apiary, two 
ondon it has been with half a bushel of herds’ grass and a bushel of force the bees to make a 
tne hive or bees. My od- to be just the thing needed, so that we can change 
to obtain the honey and the comb every year or so, and also informing the 
new supply, but merely to public that if the combs are not changed every year 
