MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
where the vines were not too thick to allow it, 
otherwise by hand, and the only further care taken 
of the vines till the fruit was ready to he gathered, 
was to keep them moderately free from weeds hy 
hand. The result was highly satisfactory. Aliho’ 
the old bed yielded but little fruit, ihe vines being 
apparently exhausted and worn out, the new one, 
considering its size, afforded an abundant crop. 
The only conclusion we can arrive at is, that 
however it may be with other varieties of straw¬ 
berries, the Boston Pine and Burr’s New Pine bate 
the hoe, and will not bear fruit if restrained of 
their liberty. Some plants of an Alpine variety in 
the same garden with the above named, though 
producing fruit of a far inferior quality, are of in¬ 
terest as showing the different habits of different 
kinds of strawberries. These latter are compara 
tively little inclined to run, tending rather to a 
bushy form; while the others utterly refuse to be 
brought into any such shape, but constantly exert 
themselves to put out new plants. a. 
South Livonia, N. Y , 1858. 
Remarks. — Growing the Strawberry in single 
plants, far enough apart to allow the ground to be 
stirred with the hoe, will produce the largest ber¬ 
ries, but not the largest crop from a given piece of 
ground perhaps. The Strawberry plant needs a 
great deal of water from the time of flowering 
until the ripening of the fruit. If the plants are 
grown singly the earth is exposed to the sun, and 
if it happens to have been pulverized only a few 
inches in depth, as is generally the case, the plants 
suffer from drouth, and the fruit dries up, half 
formed. If, however, water is furnished, or a good 
coating of straw is placed under the plants to 
shade the ground, the result will be quite satisfac¬ 
tory. When the plants are grown singly, too, 
unless the ground is covered with straw, the berries 
lay upon the soil and become covered with dirt, 
especially if heavy showers are frequent about the 
time of ripening. 
markable in appearance, the canes being unusually 1 
stout, with large luxuriant leaves, white under- ( 
neath. The summer crop of this variety this sea- ( 
son, has been quite equal to the most abundant 1 
one crop bearers, and the fruit has been extremely 1 
large, firm, and of a sprightly, refreshing charac- ’ 
ter. It carries well, and keeps well after being 1 
picked; indeed, we have found it superior to any 1 
others in these respects, and it has brought the 
highest price in market 
Orange —From the same source, is universally 
popular, and deservedly so, for it is an excellent 
fruit in all respects; but we should prefer the V. P. 
French for a market fruit, if we had any consider¬ 
able distance to carry them. The Orange is too 
tender to bear long carriage. 
The Catawissa is now ripening some fruits, which 
are of fair size, but soft and not of high quality. 
It promises more excellence than we have been 
willing heretofore to give it credit for. We shall 
be able to speak more decidedly of it, when we 
have seen it through the whole season. 
The Cojnmon Black American is much called for 
in the market, and must come into extensive cul¬ 
ture. It bears enormous crops, and never fails, and 
therefore can be profitably grown at very low 
prices. It bears no comparison, in our opinion, 
to the finer red and yellow sorts for the table in a 
raw state, but for the kitchen it is a capital fruit, 
and cannot be too abundant. 
NOTES ON TEN VARIETIES OP RASPBERRIES. 
A gentleman of this city who, we have several 
times had good reason to know, raises this fruit 
very fine, has handed us the following notes of ten 
varieties cultivated in his grounds: 
The present Beason does not seem to have been 
one of the most favorable for Raspberries. Altho’ 
they have borne an average crop, there has been 
more small fruit, in proportion to the quantity of 
very fine berries, than I have seen in previous 
seasons. 
FastoUf ripened first, and came into bearing 
before strawberries were finished. The vines are 
rather tender, and the fruit does not bear trans¬ 
portation well; but for family use the FastoUf is 
most excellent. 
Hudson River Antwerp ripened next; in fact was 
only two days behind the FastoUf. In every attri¬ 
bute of the Raspberry this sort is unsurpassed, and 
is only equaled by its late cousin “ Brinckle's 
Orange .” The firmness of the fruit makes it especi. 
ally valuable as a market berry that will bear trans¬ 
portation. 
Red Antwerp and White Antwerp —These stand¬ 
ard sorts have maintained their reputation, as they 
always will when decently cultivated. 
Red Prolific —Came pretty early into bearing, 
and had a moderate crop; but I cannot recommend 
' it further than as perfectly hardy. 
The Allen Raspberry has been much praised by 
^ one who is not equally profuse in his commenda¬ 
tions of dwarf pear trees; but we fail as yet to see 
1 in its fruit any decided reasons for public pref¬ 
erence. 
Knevetts' Giant bears well, and the fruit hangs 
well on the bushes after ripening. 
Vice Pres-ident French shows profusely on the 
well-trained bushes; but the berries are not as 
large as the Hudson River Red Antwerp, nor to our 
taste as well flavored as the Brinckle's Orange, 
although many are quite fond of them. 
Black Cap —Every one knows this as a profuse 
and regular bearer, and almost all persons are ex¬ 
tremely fond of the fruit. It is especially valuable 
for preserving, &c., and commands a higher price 
in market than any other sort. It is the black 
Raspberry of the woods improved by cultivation, 
and is perfectly hardy. 
Brinckle's Orange—A free grower, strong canes, 
profuse bearer, and has all the qualifications for 
both the best market berry and the best for family 
use. 
The Hudson River Antwerp, Kntvet's Giant and 
Brinckle's Orange form a succession of fruit which 
completely Alls the gap between Strawberries and 
Blackberries. The Orange continues in bearing 
for a week or ten days after New Rochelle Black¬ 
berries are fully ripe. 
The later sorts, as Belle de Fontenay, double 
bearing, and Merville de Qualre Saisons do not 
seem to be needed when Blackberries are so fine, 
I and while our Pear trees will furnish us with 
• Yirgalieus and Bartletts. 
SUMMER PRUNING THE BLACKBERRY. 
stakes in the ground, and then attach wire or tarred 
rope to them, as shown by the horizontal lines in 
figure 3. The canes are then spread and fastened 
to the wire or ropes, as shown. Still another plan, 
is to have two parallel rows of stakes, with wire or 
rope like figure 3, and about two feet apart On 
one of these is trained the bearing canes, and on 
the other the young canes that will bear next year. 
In training, the objects to be kept in view are suffi¬ 
cient light and air for the fruit, and convenience 
in picking. 
We almost invariably get a crop of raspberries 
in Rochester without any protection; yet in most 
localities, and even here, it is better in the Autumn 
to bend the canes down, and cover them slightly 
with earth. If a small bank of earth is raised near 
the stool, over which to bend the canes, it prevents 
their breaking. Covering in this way is very little 
trouble, and insures a good crop. Every fall or 
spring a good dressing of manure should be forked 
in, particularly on light land, or land not very rich. 
The raspberry is a very tender fruit, and soon 
spoils after becoming ripe. It will not, therefore, 
bear shipment any great distance to market— 
Those varieties that are firmest are therefore best 
calculated for market culture. It is for this reason 
that many grow our common black raspberry for 
market, and make the growing of this fruit quite 
profitable. 
During the raspberry season, which isnow draw¬ 
ing to a close, we made notes of a few varieties 
not very generally known or cultivated, which we 
think deserve extensive trial. 
Eds. Rural: —The subject of summer pruning 
the New Rochelle Blackberry was fully discussed 
at the meeting of the Fruit Growers’ Society of 
Western New York, held here last month, and the 
course which we pursuo was said by all the mem¬ 
bers who had tried it to have been perfectly suc¬ 
cessful with them also. As now is the time to 
attend to this pruning, we are led to write this, 
hoping that it may be of use to some of your 
readers who are interested in the fruit and its 
manner of training. 
Never allow more than three new shoots to each 
hill, and by keeping the ground covered two or 
three inches deep with straw, old hay, or other 
refuse, not manure, all weeds will be kept from 
growing, and the strength of the soil will go into 
the fruit upon the old canes, and to the growth of 
these three new Bhoots. 
These new shoots, if allowed to grow unchecked, 
will often reach fifteen feet in height; but such a 
growth can hardly be expected to be wholly and 
fully matured when winter overtakes us, besides 
being inconvenient to handle or protect during 
winter. ~ 
THE SMALL FRUITS. 
The small fruits are a great blessing, and like 
other great blessings easily obtained and costing 
but little, are not appreciated. How many farmers’ 
families in the West are suffering for the want of 
fruit,—anxiously waiting until the newly planted 
apple trees shall bear,— along, tedious looking-for 
of ten or twelve years’ duration—when, with a lit¬ 
tle labor and a very little expense fruit might he 
abundant in every farmer’s family. In eighteen 
months from the time of planting a succession of 
the most delicious fruits might be produced during 
the summer months, with plenty to dry and pre¬ 
serve for the remainder of the year. 
First in the list of small fruits is the Strawberry, 
the early varieties of which, (the Jenny Lind and 
Early Scarlet ) commence ripening early in June, 
and the later varieties continue in bearing until 
the time for Raspberries. 
The culture and varie¬ 
ties of this delicious fruit we shall speak of below. 
With the Raspberries we have that most useful and 
most ill treated of all small fruits, the Currant, of 
all colors, sizes and flavors, suitable for the dessert, 
cooking, preserving, wine, jams and jellies. The 
Raspberries will be over early in August, but the 
currants are good during the early part of this 
month, and the black until about the first of Sep¬ 
tember. About the first of August the Blackber¬ 
ries begin to ripen, and continue all through the 
month. 
Here we have a succession of delicious fruits, 
from the first of June until the first of September, 
that will grow en any respectable soil in almost any 
climate, and with so little care that any decent man 
would be ashamed to ask them to do with less, and 
that can be procured very cheap at any nursery.— 
Under these circumstances, when a farmer has 
plenty of land, as all have, and every convenience 
for raising a supply of fruit, and yet neglects to do 
so, and robs his family of this necessary of good 
living, we simply ask our intelligent readers, many 
of whom go to make up in part the Grand Juries 
of the country, if this is not an indictable offence. 
We have known far slighter offences against good 
taste punished. 
THE RASPBERRY AND ITS CULTURE. 
Our Raspberry season is now drawing to a close, 
and we have reveled in luscious flavors the past 
two weeks. We have feasted on Antwerps, and 
Fastollfs, and Franconias, and the Orange, and the 
Fontenay, and became so nice in our taste, that a 
variety “ deficient in flavor" received but very little 
favor. This fruit does not receive the attention it 
deserves, either by amateurs or growers for mar¬ 
ket. Fifteen cents a quart have been readily paid 
by the dealers in this city, the present season, and 
at this price one-half enough could not be obtain¬ 
ed to supply the demand. No fruit can be raised 
more cheaply, and every one with a garden spot, 
no matter how small, can grow enough for family 
use, and market gardeners and fruit 
But if the growth be checked on the last 
of July, at the height of from five to six feet, the 
wood will commence ripening at once, and will be 
tiioroughly hardened off before frost comes; while 
the strength of the plant, which would otherwise 
have gone to the growth of the useless length of 
twelve or fifteen feet, is turned to the perfecting of 
the laterals—those laterals upon which the whole 
of the fruit is to be borne. 
As soon as the bearing wood has ripened its 
fruit the canes should be cut up, so that the whole 
strength of the roots can go to the three shoots of 
which we have been speaking. 
: This ends the summer pruning; but we cannot 
refrain from adding one more instruction. Upon 
some rainy day in October or November, or after 
a rain, bend these stalks with a gradual curve, and 
cover the tops with enough earth to hold them 
down. The whole plant does not need to be 
covered. 
Plants well mulched and throughly pruned this 
season and properly trained next summer will 
bear fine crops of fruit, without fail. 
Rochester, N. Y., 1858. C. P. Bissell. 
Remarks.— Our correspondent well understands 
FRUITS IN SEASON. 
Our early summer fruits are beginning to ripen. 
Yesterday (July 30th,) we had a fine rain, and to¬ 
day, the air is rather cool and clear, and the sun 
makes it quite warm and pleasant. The Early 
Harvest and Large Sweet Bough apples will be 
ripe in a few days. 
That fine, melting sweet pear, the Madelaine, 
commenced ripening several days ago. The 
Amine Joannet ripened about the same time. This 
variety makes a fine growth on both pear and 
quince, is a profuse bearer, and the fruit is small, 
pale yellow and russet; valuable only on account 
of its earliness. It bears no comparison to the 
Madelaine. The Muscat Robert, now ripe, is small 
yellowish pear, rather tender, juicy and pleasant. 
tski? 
CAKES AND COOKIES. 
VICE PRESIDENT FRENCH. 
Vice President French— Large, roundish, bright 
red, with light bloom; firm, sweet and high flavored. 
Canes stout and vigorous. Hardy and productive. 
Originated by Dr. Brinckle, and introduced several 
years ago, but it does not appear to have attracted 
much notice. Its appearance is shown in the en¬ 
graving. A good fruit for market. 
Eds. Rural: —As your lady subscribers are all 
furnishing you with some valuable “Domestic 
Recipes,” I thought I would send a few which may 
be worthy of publication: 
Delicate Cake. —One pound of flour; 1 of 
sugar; .J of butter; 1 teaspoonful hartshorn; 10 
eggs; (whites only) and one tablespoonful of the 
extract of lemon. 
Snowball Cake. —Half cup of butter; 1 cup of 
loaf sugar; the whites of 3 eggs; 1 teaspoonful of 
saleratus—stir as thick as cup cake. Bake in small 
tins. 
Cream Cake. —One cup of cream; 1 cup sugar; 
l egg; 1 teaspoonful ealeratus; 1 of salt Thick 
as pancakes. 
Fruit Cake. —Two cups of butter; 3 of sugar; 
1 of molasses; 2 pounds of raisins; 2 of currants; 
1 of citron; 10 eggs; 1 tumbler of cream; £ of 
brandy; 1 teaspoonful saleratus—spice of all kinds. 
Fried Cakes.—Two cups of sugar; £ cup of 
butter or lardi £ pint of sweet milk; 1 pint of hop 
yeast—season with cinnamon. When light, add a 
little saleratus and roll out—rise again and fry. 
Cookies.— Two and a half cups of sugar; £ cup 
of butter; 1 cup of sweet milk; 1 teaspoonful of 
saleratus—nutmeg to your taste. 
Temperance Ginger Beer.— Three pieces of 
butter as large as a walnut; G tablespoonfuls of 
water; 1 of salera’us; 1 teaspoonful of ginger; 1 
cup of molasses; stir as thick as pound cake.— 
Babe in a square tin. Miss J. D. A. 
Palmyra, N. Y., 1858. 
growers 
around cities, can put their land to no more profit¬ 
able use than growing this fruit for market. 
We give a few hints in regard to culture that will 
be useful to some. The Raspberry will do well in 
any good, rich and deep garden soil, but succeeds 
best where it is inclined to be moist. In a dry, 
sandy soil, the more tender sorts will ripen the 
wood better, but in such a soil thorough mulching 
is necessary. The best situation is in a border on 
the north side of a fence, or where they are grown 
extensively on the northern exposure of a side hill, 
as in this situation the plants are not as much 
aflected by sudden changes in winter, and the fruit 
is larger if grown in a rather shady situation.— 
They may be grown finely in young orchards—say 
two rows between each row of trees. 
The Raspberry may be planted from two to three 
feet apart, and the cane should be cut down to 
within 12 or 18 inches of the ground, according to 
the strength of the plant, cutting the weakest canes 
the shortest; and it would be better not to allow 
any fruit to grow the first season. The buds can 
be picked off a3 soon as they make their appear¬ 
ance, and then all the strength of the root will go 
into the new canes; and these should be tied care¬ 
fully to stakes, as on their health and vigor de¬ 
pends the crop the next season, 
Pruning the raspberry is a very simple operation. 
The canes are produced one season, bear fruit the 
next, and then die. We take the accompanying 
t engraving, explaining 
/ . /■ very clearly the habits 
\ y V j of the plant, from Bar- 
° s Nl cS t! / ^ r ^' s F'uit Book. A is 
T 'Y^Jt the old cane that has 
8 .jf i Ij / borne, and must be cut 
1) ^ away in the spring. B 
j| \'/ is the young cane pro- 
41 §I duced last season, and 
c -.. \\ || that will bear fruit the 
coming summer. This 
' cane must be short- 
ened at cross line b to 
—' three or four feet, ac- 
Fig. 1. cording to its vigor. 
If the cane is quite strong, it maybe allowed to 
remain four feet The fruit buds produce small 
Bhoots, a, a, a, that bear the fruit C, in the en¬ 
graving, is the radical bad that will produce a cane 
the next season. When plants have remained in 
one place a few years, a good many canes will be 
produced from one plant, or stool. In this case it 
will be necessary to cut out the weakest in the 
spring, allowing from four to six of the strongest 
to remain. These must be cut back as before 
recommended. When all the canes are allowed to 
remain, as we see in many old raspberry beds, the 
fruit soon becomes scarce and poor. 
doyenne d’ete pear. 
The Doyenne d'Etc pear is juicy, delicious and 
ripens very well on the tree. It is of fair size for 
so early a pear, as will be seen by the engraving. 
It is very productive on the quince and bears 
young, trees two years old often being covered with 
fruit. This and the Madelaine deserves a place in 
every garden. In market they would sell high, 
as they come in when we have only small fruits. 
.^- The earliest plum, the 
Jamie llative, is now ripe 
and is a very pretty little 
fruit, pale yellow, thinly 
1( / coated with bloom,— 
' \ juicy, sweet and pleas- 
j \ ant. It is well worthy of 
\ cultivation on account 
J of its earliness. This 
/ plum is recommended 
J generally for amateurs, 
V I but we know of nothing 
/ that would sell better 
in any of our cities.— 
By reference to our 
notes taken last year, we observe that this plum 
was not ripe until the 10th of August. It is now 
ripe (31st of July,) being ten days earlier. The 
St. Etienne, is somewhat like the above, and ripe 
about the same time. 
FLOATING ISLANDS-CREAM PUDDING, ETC. 
Take four eggs, beat the yolks into four spoon¬ 
fuls of sugar, into this, stir one quart of scalding 
milk, place it on the fire, stir until done, season 
with lemon, turn it into a deep dish. Beat the 
whites of the eggs until quite thick, stir into this 
one spoonful of white sugar, dip it into boiling 
water, one teaspoonful at a time, to remain one 
minute, skim them on a plate to drain a little, lay 
the islands on the surface of the custard. 
Cream Puddino —Warm one quart of thin cream, 
(or milk will answer,) stir into it three well beaten 
eggs, three spoonfuls of flour, and one teaspoonful 
of salt—bake one half hour. For sauce, butter, 
sugar, and a little currant wine improves it. 
Currant Wine. — Gather your currants and 
mash them, strain tho juice through a thin cloth; 
to every two quarts juice add as much water and 
three and a half pounds of sugar, put into a keg, 
uncorked, for two weeks, then let it remain coiked 
three months, after which separate the wine from 
the sediment, then wash the keg and put the wine 
bark. It should be kept out of tho cellar until 
cold weather. A * s* 
Rutland, Vt., 1858. 
-— 
Information Wanted.— Having been afflicted 
for a long time with a disease in my ancles, bro't 
on by a strain, attended with more or less inflam¬ 
mation about the tendons, and Beeing in one of 
your late papers brandy and salt highly recom¬ 
mended, as a remedy for inflammatory attacks bv 
“A Mother,” and believing in some cases simple 
things will effect a cure when great things fail, I 
feel anxious to try it. If the lady will inform me 
through the Rural in what way it must be applied 
—whether frequent batbiDg or constant applica¬ 
tion—she will much oblige—A Subscriber. 
BELLE t >E ?AL!LNAU. 
Belle de Pullnau is a new French variety of re¬ 
cent introduction, and promises to rank with the 
very best It is large, roundish, with large grains, 
deep crimson with a thin bloom, sweet and fine 
flavored. Cane vigorous in growth, hardy and 
productive. In a large collection of the best sorts, 
this has been, all the season through, one of the 
most attractive. 
EXPERIENCE IN STRAWBERRY CULTURE. 
Three years ago last spring, we obtained from 
the nursery of Messrs. Ellwanger& Barry, Roch¬ 
ester, a quantity of strawberry plants, of the varie¬ 
ties named Boston Pine and Burr’s New Piue; one 
being recommended as staminate and the other as 
pistillate. The plants were set in good garden 
soil, in rows, perhaps two feet apart, and a foot 
and a half apart in the rows. According to direc¬ 
tions given by cultivators of the strawberry, much 
zeal was exercised in pinching off the runners and 
hoeing the ground about the plants to keep it free 
from weeds. Of course no fruit was expected or 
realized the first season. 
The second year the same treatment was con¬ 
tinued; the ground being frequently stirred to 
keep down the weeds, and the runners industri¬ 
ously removed; though such is the inclination of 
the above mentioned varieties to send out young 
colonists, that it required the most assiduous at¬ 
tention to keep the original plants distinct and 
separate. A fair sprinkling of blossoms made 
their appearance in due season, but not a pint of 
berries was gathered from the vines that year.— 
Very late in the following autumn, a new planting 
was made adjoining the old one, and the next night 
the ground froze up for winter. Of course many of 
the new plants were winter-killed, and such as lived 
were very late in getting a start the next spring.— 
But little attention wa3 paid them; they were allow¬ 
ed to run wherever they pleased, and in the course 
of the summer and autumn, made quite a respect¬ 
able growth. I should say here that the old vines, 
under the former system of management, were as 
unproductive this year as they had been the pre¬ 
ceding one. 
Last spring there were serious thoughts of giving 
up the strawberry patch altogether, and devoting 
the ground, occupied by it, to something else; but 
it was finally concluded to spare it one more sea¬ 
son. Ab soon as the ground was fit to touch with 
the hoe, the weeds were removed, with the hoe 
Unfruitful Grafes. — “A Subscriber,” in last 
week’s Rural, speaks of having two or three un¬ 
fruitful grape vines, and desires to know if there is 
such a thing as grape vines that bear no fruit.— 
Most wild grapes in this State, and many of the 
New England wild grapes are dioecious, that is, 
bearing their stamens and pistils on separate plants, 
or, in common phrase, the plants are male and fe¬ 
male, and either the staminate, (which never pro¬ 
duces fruit,) or pistillate plants growing alone will 
produce no fruit. Your correspondent’s vines are 
all either one kind or the other; if staminate the 
sooner they are cut down the better; and if pistil¬ 
late they may be mado productive by planting a 
staminate vine near them. Probably the most sat¬ 
isfactory course, in the end, for him, will be to cut 
down his vines and plant Isabella vines in their 
stead.—R. B. W. 
Remarks. — We thank our correspondent for the 
above. It did net strike us at the time that the 
“Subscriber” might be cultivating wild grapes.— 
When Isabellas can be obtained for a few shillings, 
and the Delaware for a dollar or two, it is useless to 
waste time and labor on wild varieties. 
To Prevent Musquitoes Biting. —“ B. Rogers,” 
of Scotrsville, asks, “ what will prevent musquitoes 
biting?” I have always found the application of 
t.be spirits of camphor a sure preventive. I hope, 
Mr. Editor, as you are laboring to benefit others, 
you, yourself, maybe benefited by this simple piece 
of information, and, for the future, make no un¬ 
successful attempts to rid yourself of those trouble¬ 
some insects.—A Housewife, Herkimer, N. Y. 
Fig. 2. Fig. 3. 
The common plan of training is simply to tie 
the canes together, around a stake, about 18 inches 
from the ground, as seen in figure 2, so that they 
may spread at the top. Another plan is to place 
BELLE DE FONTENAY 
Belle de Fontenay i3 one of the new autumnal 
bearing sorts introduced from France. It is re- 
J 
