AUGUST 14 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
263 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
We wish to call the attention of our readers 
again to the meeting of the American Pomologi- 
cal Society, to be held in New York on the 14th of 
September. As we shall be there, we hope to see 
as many of our friends as possible. Not one in a 
hundred of our friends we know can attend, but 
very many may add much to the interest and value 
of the proceedings by forwarding to the proper 
officers, previous to the meeting, answers to the 
important questions proposed, and which we give 
below: 
What six, twelve and twenty varieties of the Apple are 
best adapted to a family orchard of one hundred trees, 
and how many of each sort should it contain? What 
varieties, and how many of each, are best for an orchard 
of one thousand trees, designed to bear fruit for the mar¬ 
ket? 
What six and twelve varieties of the Pear are best for 
family use on the Pear stock? What varieties on the 
Quince stock? What varieties, and how many of each of 
these, are best adapted to a Pear orchard of one hundred 
or of one thousand trees? 
What are the six and twelve best varieties of the Peach 
for a family orchard? What are the best varieties, and 
how many of each, are best adapted to a Peach orchard 
of one hundred or of one thousand trees? 
Answers to these questions should be made from relia¬ 
ble experience, and with reference to the proximity or re¬ 
moteness of the market? 
Answers to these questions can be forwarded to 
Hon. Samuel Walker, General Chairman of the 
Fruit Committee, Roxbury, Mass., or P. Barry, 
Esq., Secretary of the Society, Rochester, N. Y.— 
Even those who design to be present would do well 
to prepare their lists before leaving home, where 
they can have access to their note-books, and do the 
work quietly and carefully. Such lists, when made 
in the hurry of a convention, are not always pre¬ 
pared with that care which the importance of the 
subject demands. Thousands of cultivators will 
take the lists recommended at this meeting as their 
guide in planting, and we hope they will be made 
with such care as to render them reliable. 
DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 
Having received from our readers several spe¬ 
cimens of destructive insects, and among others, 
the Snouted Beetle and Apple Tree Borer, we for¬ 
warded these to our attentive correspondent, Jacob 
Stauffer, who we well know loves to study insects 
and their habits, and received, in reply, the follow¬ 
ing interesting communication: 
Eds. Rural: —The insects enclosed, came in good 
order; the “buds intended to show the manner in 
which it commits its depredations,” were by some 
means lost; I have not seen them and can form no 
opinion or illustration. I will first notice the Beetle 
sent you by J. F. Lester, of Marengo, Illinois.— 
This Beetle measures about three-fourths of an 
inch long, Fig. 1, and belongs to a group of de¬ 
structive insects of the weevil tribe, or Snouted 
Beetles, divided into three families, and distin¬ 
guished briefly thus: 
5 palpi filiform—Bruchidao 1st. 
C Antenna: not elbowed \ palpi conical—Attelabidas 2d. 
) Antennas elbowed—palpi conical—Curculionidae 3d. 
3 
' 
Figure 1, Ithycerus curculionoides; 2, Curled leaf for the 
depositof eggs; 3, Pea-Weevil; 4, Plum Weevil; 5, Nut- 
Weevil. 
Our common pea-weevil (Bruchus pisi, Fig. 3) 
illustrates the first family. The insect sent per 
J. F. Lester, belongs to the second family, which 
I submitted to my fellow-citizen, S. S. Rathvon, a 
distinguished entomologist, who pronounces it to 
be identical with the insect in his cabinet named 
Ithycerus curculionoides, by Herbest. This family of 
insects injures trees by gnawing the buds, and later 
in the Beason the midribs of the leaves, causing 
them to curl up as shown by fig. 2, into a roll, 
within which they deposit their eggs, and the 
young are sheltered when hatched, — some of the 
smaller species of this sub-family also deposit their 
eggs in clover seeds, and in the seeds of the locust 
tree. The habits of the Ithycerus are not distinctly 
known, but allied species feed on leaves or under 
the bark of the trees. The nut, grain, and Pales- 
weevils, &c., belong to the third sub-family, Curcu- 
lionidoe; these are again sub-divided, briefly thus:’! 
Curculio —Antennae elbowed, short and thick 
snouts, antenna: inserted near the mouth—fig. G. 
Khynchcenus — Long and slender snouts, antenna: 
inserted near the middle—fig. 7. 
Calandra —Long and slender snouts, antenna: in¬ 
serted at the base, near the eyes—8. 
r 
Figure 8. Figure 7. Figure 6. 
These insects do great mischief to leaves and 
seeds, and fall to the ground or take wing suddenly 
when approached; many species have their elytra 
soldered together, and of course are prevented 
from flying. I would advise Mr. L. to spread a 
sheet under the infected tree, and give it a sudden 
jar, as they will no doubt contract their legs and 
fall to the ground, like the plum weevil,—then 
quickly gathered and thrown into the fire is one 
remedy; I hope he will learn and communicate the 
economy of the creature, to the Rural. 
With regard to the larva, from Mr. Luther 
Barber, East Bloomfield, the Pear-tree Borer, to 
him a new customer, though no longer “alive and 
kicking” when received, appears to me to be the 
larva of the Saperda bivittata of Say., (S. Candida, 
of some author?.) On comparing it with some 
taken out of a small Siberian crab-apple tree a few 
days ago by my friend, S. S. Rathvon, I concurred 
in his opinion. This is usually called the apple- 
tree borer, and they attack the quince, the pear, 
mountain ash and hawthorn, as well as other trees. 
They deposit their eggs near the roots of trees, 
where they hatch, penetrate through the bark into 
the tree, with their strong jaws, push out their 
castings, and continue their work for a few years 
before they undergo their change. The grub is 
fleshy, whiteish, somewhat flattened, tapering a 
little from the first ring, which is large, oval, and 
roughened with punctures, without any appearance 
of legs, or projecting points. Fig. 11 represents the 
larva enclosed, and fig. 9 the perfect beetle, the 
two striped or the brown and white striped Saperda 
being well marked, and readily knowD, flies at 
night, and remains concealed or feeding among 
leaves during the day. There are twenty - one 
species described by Jno. L. Le Conte, M. D. 
n 
Figure 9, Saperda Bivittata; 10, Face and Head, show¬ 
ing the emarginate eyes; 11, Larva. 
Notwithstanding that this pernicious borer has 
been often described, and various remedies em¬ 
ployed to destroy them, many orchards suffer de¬ 
plorably. Old neglected orchards, with rugged 
trunks and unpruned suckers, give them undis¬ 
turbed possession, as an inheritance, to breed and 
perpetuate their species, from whence to depredate 
and colonize other quarters. The old and safest 
method, though somewhat tedious, is to examine 
where the saw-dust castings come out, and intro¬ 
duce a fine, sharp wire into the hole and kill the 
scamps, which is better than cutting out the grub; 
some propose to introduce a bit of camphor and 
plug up the holes with soft wooden pegs, which is 
quite as tedious and less certain than to spit them 
with a pointed wire. 
“ Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, 
Which we ascribe to heaven. The sacred sky 
Gives us free scope; only doth backward pull 
Our slow designs, when we ourselves are dull.” 
Lancaster, Pa., July, 1858. J. Stauffer. 
DISEASED APPLE TREES. - CHARCOAL. 
Enclosed I send a slip of bark cut from an 
apple tree in my orchard. My trees are literally 
covered with the small insect like the enclosed, are 
almost destitute of fruit, and the leaves and branches 
are many of them dying. Not only the bodies but 
all the branches, and even water sprouts of last 
year’s growth, are covered. The trees are twenty 
years old, and previous to the present season al¬ 
ways thrifty. What arc they ? and is there a way 
to get rid of them? What use, agriculturally, can 
be made of fine charcoal, from the size of a hicko¬ 
ry nut to fine dust?— Moses Kingsley, Kalamazoo, 
Aug. 3, 1858. 
Remarks. —The piece of bark enclosed in the 
above note was covered with the Apple Bark Louse. 
This insect, its habits, destructiveness, Ac., we fully 
described in the Rural of last year. 
We give an engraving of 
the branch covered, as will 
be seen, with little scales 
something in the shape of 
an oyster, and it is often 
called the oyster - shaped 
bark louse. These scales 
are relics of the bodies of 
the female, covering and 
protecting their eggs. The 
eggs are so minute that 
these small scales some¬ 
times cover more than a 
hundred. The time of 
hatching is from the mid¬ 
dle of May until the first of 
June. We will give two of 
the best remedies known. 
1st. Prune early in the spring. Mix tar and lin¬ 
seed oil together, and apply warm with a paint 
brush to every limb. This, when dry, cracks and 
peels off, bringing away the scales and eggs with 
it Trees thus treated will show the benefit receiv¬ 
ed by a vigorous growth. 2d. Boil leaf tobacco in 
a strong ley until it is reduced to an impalpable 
pulp; mix this with soft soap (which has been 
made cold, and not the jelly-like boiled soap,) to 
make the mass about the consistence of thin paint. 
Prune the trees and apply this preparation with a 
brush to every limb and twig. This will take time, 
but the remedy is effectual. * 
Nothing could be better than the charcoal for 
composting with manure. It will prevent the ammo¬ 
nia from escaping. Cover all your manure heaps 
with it, and the present fall or next spring you will 
have a manure that will be good for your fruit trees, 
or any crops, 4$ v 
Small Fruits—Whortleberries _I have just 
perused with much interest your article on Small 
Fruits. I wish to inquire of you why Whortleber¬ 
ries cannot be added to the list. Are they not sus¬ 
ceptible of cultivation? Cannot you or some of 
your horticultural friends give us light on this sub¬ 
ject? They grow wild in great profusion in some 
localities, and are excellent fruit. Is there any 
good reason why they cannot be introduced into 
garden cultivation? Has the attempt ever been 
fairly made ? If so, let the Rural tell us about it— 
S. C. Cleveland, Penn Yan, N. Y., 1858. 
Remarks. —We have had no experience in culti¬ 
vating Whortleberries. They might be made pro¬ 
fitable on barren sites, but we doubt whether they 
could be made profitable as a garden fruit Pick¬ 
ing whortleberries by hand is a very tedious 
business, and they must be picked in this way to 
Becure the whole crop, as they ripen slowly and un¬ 
evenly. The tall variety would be best for the 
garden. 
CHERRY TREES-GOOSEBERRY MILDEW, &c. 
Samuel S. Abbott, of Hamilton, Madison Co., 
in a very interesting letter on horticultural mat¬ 
ters, gives us his experience with cherry trees, and 
in saving his gooseberries from mildew, as follows: 
“ Writing you several months ago, I mentioned 
that last fall I protected the trunks of my fruit 
trees, with a thin covering of straw. The result, 
so far as I can judge, is encouraging. My trees, 
without a single exception, came out, in the spring, 
in fine condition, and are making a healthy and 
vigorous growth. A Yellow Spanish, a Gov. Wood, 
and a Black Tartarian, that had barely survived the 
shock of the previous winter, are doing as well as 
could be wished. The past winter has made nearly 
clean work, all about me, with most of the tenderer 
varieties of cherries that had survived the winters 
of 1856-'57. I shall repeat the experiment, and 
wish others would do so. The labor is nothing.— 
It is nearly all to set about it If the practice were 
adopted, from the time of planting out our trees 
till six or eight years of age, few, in my opinion, 
would suffer, after that, from the effects of winter. 
Permit me to add a word about mildew upon 
gooseberries. My bushes are formed upon single 
stems and are four years old. They have hereto¬ 
fore never been affected with mildew. This sea¬ 
son, when the fruit was about half grown, it attack¬ 
ed every variety (some five or six of the old 
English sorts,) in my garden, except some Hough¬ 
ton Seedlings. It appeared in small specks upon 
the leaves and fruit from the size of a pin’s head to 
that of a pea, the berries often cracking at the 
same time. The specks had the appearance of 
white mould, sometimes a little yellowish. Within 
twenty-four hours after first discovering it, I pre¬ 
pared a solution of sulphur, following the recipe 
given in ‘Allen’s Treatise upon the Grape,’ page 
15G. I syringed the bushes thoroughly night and 
morning for two days. It worked like a charm.— 
The specks of mildew turned dark brown or black, 
and spread no further. Nothing that looked like 
mildew could be seen at the end of the third day. 
In place of it, the dark colored spots remained up¬ 
on the leaves. I picked off such berries as I could 
find that were affected. Of course the trouble had 
not proceeded far, but every bush was more or less 
affected. From that time, there has been no signs 
of mildew, and my gooseberries have been excel¬ 
lent, finer than at any previous year. 
The worm you described a few weeks since vis 
itedmy gooseberries in small numbers. Upon each 
bush I killed, by picking thirty or forty. No worm 
appeared upon the currant 
I am testing in a thorough manner, the effect of 
growing plums in a hen park. My trees are small, 
only fruiting a few scattering ones, this and last 
year. Thus far, every plum that has set has escaped 
the curculio, while trees within fifty feet of them 
in a neighbor’s grounds, have their fruit regularly 
and entirely destroyed. The experiment will next 
year be more reliable. I have great confidence’ 
HORTICULTURAL NOTES FROM INDIANA. 
Eds. Rural:— Three weeks since on a pear graft 
of present year’s growth I noticed an appearance 
on the upper leaves of what might be called fire 
blight — that is, the leaves were black as though 
burnt with fire. On looking at it closely I noticed 
it to be wilted down some six inches, and five 
inches from terminal bud saw a hole in the branch. 
I cut it off, and found in it a worm which had eaten 
out all the central part of the twig up for an inch 
and a half from the point of perforation. This 
worm was three-quarters of an inch long, had six 
pairs of legs, three pairs of pectoral legs, black, 
and three pairs ventral legs, white, and shorter 
than those in front. General color dark chocolate. 
Three white streaks on the back, half an inch long. 
One streak on each side three-quarters of an inch 
long. Five ventral streaks, white, about one line in 
length. Head of light-yellow color, flattened, pro¬ 
vided with lateral prehensor jaws. Tail flattened 
with short spikes on end to assist locomotion.— 
Color of anterior pectoral region light chocolate. 
Venter and anterior part of head dusky white. 
I took his description thus particularly because 
he was different from any other I had ever noticed, 
both in his general appearance and in his habits. It 
is new to me, though perhaps well known to ento¬ 
mologists. 
The pear scions I put in last year, in the tree 
which had been killed to the ground, inserting 
between the wood and bark, are this year growing well; 
and in two other pear trees, ten inches in diameter, 
winter killed to the surface, I put scions in the 
same way the past spring, after cutting off the 
trunks below the surface, and they are growing 
beautifully. I believe this is a very easy and expe¬ 
ditious way to renew trees which have been killed 
to the surface or girdled from any cause. 
The prospect for apples is poor—not more than 
one tree of a dozen has any fruit. The trees blos¬ 
somed plentifully, and we have had no frost to in¬ 
jure since. How much is correct in regard to the 
color of the blossoms indicating a good or a poor 
crop? What farmers, or orchardists, will note the 
matter? particularly from this time on, making a 
note of it, and not trusting to memory? If a man 
will learn he must keep a faithful record on paper, 
and not in his brain. I do not find any man who 
can tell the dates of sowing, planting or gathering 
his crops, who trusts to memory. He generally 
guesses it was about so and so, or such and such a 
time; days and dates gone, and his experience 
worth nothing,—absolutely lost. C. Brackett. 
Rochester, Fulton Co., Ind., 1858. 
A Nut for Horticulturists. — I have a pear 
tree of at least forty years standing, which forks 
about five feet from the ground, throwing up two 
main branches. One branch produces hard and 
almost worthless winter fruit; the other, very pala¬ 
table autumn pears. The tree was never grafted 
only in this way. When it was a young twig, a 
man was plowing about it with oxen, and, in swing¬ 
ing his whip-lash, broke off a piece of the top.— 
At the break, afterwards grew out the two limbs 
producing the two varieties spoken of. The tree 
was planted and cared for thirty years by the same 
man, who averred these facts, and whose credibili¬ 
ty in life was unquestioned. Was it a “freak of 
nature?” or can it be reconciled with established 
laws of growth? Will experienced horticulturists 
answer? w. b. i>. 
Remarks. —That, certainly, is a pretty hard nut 
As we read of an enemy sowing tares among the 
wheat, perhaps some friend put a decent scion in 
that tree; if not, we have nothing to say as it is 
beyond our experience. 
REMEDY FOR PEAR BLIGHT. 
Messrs. Editors: —Having had some experience 
in endeavoring to save pear trees affected with 
blight, or black spots on the bark, I send you a re¬ 
port of my failure and success. The plan that will 
save the trees is this:—When you discover any 
sign of your trees turning dark, take an auger, or 
a bit, if your trees are small, and bore them slant¬ 
ing downward to the heart, below the defect, fill 
the hole with sulphur; and stop it with a pine plug 
or grafting salve to exclude the air and wet 
My experience in the matter is this. I had three 
trees attacked with this disease in 1866. I had no¬ 
ticed in the Rural a remedy by cutting the black 
off when first discovered. I tried it until I almost 
girdled my trees, and gave it up, thinking they 
might as well die a natural death, as be murdered 
with the knife. The result was, they died. In 1857, 
I had five more trees (being all that I had) attacked 
as the others were. I applied the sulphur, and in 
less than three weeks I saw a change in the ap¬ 
pearance of the foliage and the bark. A new bark 
commenced growing, and the old cleaving off, not 
leaving much sign of disease, and now some of 
them have fruit on them. I am well convinced 
that if I had not used the sulphur, my trees would 
have been dead before this. o. w. b. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., 1858. 
We give the above without, of course, any 
knowledge of the case, other than stated in the 
communication. However, we have not the least 
idea that sulphur will save a tree attacked with 
the pear blight. We have seen a score of reme¬ 
dies tried, and the only cure we know of is to cut 
away every limb as soon as affected; and if the 
disease manifests itself on the trunk near the 
ground, we consider the tree as good as dead. 
On the subject of pear blight there seems to be 
a great lack of knowledge, and some very ridicu¬ 
lous statements in regard to it are made in some of 
the agricultural papers as well as books on fruit- 
culture. The following from a late number of the 
Homestead is to the point; and we copy it for the 
purpose of correcting the errors which it teaches, 
and which are such as we often meet with: 
Frozen sai* Blight, or Black Blight in the 
Pear. —We do not hear the same complaint this 
year as last of this disease. Still it troubles some 
plantations sadly. At the stage when it is most 
noticeable—that is, when the leaves of whole limbs 
turn black,—there is no hope of saving the black¬ 
ened portions, which should be immediately cut 
off. The frozen sap or its effects remain poisonous 
and deleterious to thetree, affecting adjoining parts. 
The limbs should be cutoff as low down as any dis¬ 
coloration is apparent in the bark. The blight may 
be seen early in spring if the bark is examined, and 
it grows more and more evident until the leaves 
blacken and the branch dies. As soon as observed 
the a fleeted parts should be amputated, even if it 
takes the whole top off the tree. The disease is 
caused by the arrest of the second growth of the 
tree in the autumn by cold weather, before the new 
wood is sufficiently mature to withstand hard 
frosts; manuring in fall or late in summer. Trees 
standing in rich clayey or moist soil are apt to be 
thus affected. 
Now, the fact is, the idea of frozen sap being the 
cause of the blight has long since been abandoned. 
It was started originally by Rev. Henry Ward 
Beecher, and was adopted by Downing as the most 
plausible theory. It was afterwards very clearly 
shown that yearling trees that had never been sub¬ 
ject to a winter’s frost, and those trees that had 
been kept in a cellar or root-house the previous 
winter, were just as liable to be affected with the 
blight as those that had been exposed to its 
changes and rigors. 
Some varieties seem to be more subject to this 
disease than others, but wo have never seen the 
least evidence that heavy manuring, or manuring 
late in the season, or a heavy, rich soil would in¬ 
duce blight Indeed, we have heard men of expe¬ 
rience claim that the trees were less subject to this 
disease in heavy land than in light But of this 
there is no proof. The trees flourish unharmed in 
all varieties of soil, and in all soils and situations 
they blight. The cause, at present, seems “past 
finding out,” and the only cure that can bo relied 
on is to remove every limb affected as soon as the 
disease shows itself. 
To Destroy Seeds in Manure.— Can you, or 
any of your correspondents, inform me if there is 
any way of destroying the seeds contained in stable 
manure. The plan I have hitherto adopted of pre¬ 
paring manure for my garden and orchard is the 
following:—I have a small yard in the rear of my 
stable, where my cows are fed and milked during 
the summer. In the spring I cover the whole sur 
face to the depth of about a foot with spent tan- 
bark, and during the summer I draw stable manure, 
tan bark, leached ashes, and the leavings of coal¬ 
pits—as I can obtain or get time to draw them— 
placing them in alternate layers, and in the fall 
turn over the whole mass mixing with fresh slack¬ 
ed lime. Now this plan I find to answer a good 
purpose so far as preventing fermentation or leach¬ 
ing is concerned, but it leaves the vitality of all 
seeds contained in it uninjured. I have tried salt 
in small quantites without any benefit, perhaps I 
didn’t use enough. Any information upon this 
subject will be thankfully received by—A. M. 
Stephens, Owens ’ Sound, Canada West, 1858. 
Remarks. —It is somewhat difficult to destroy 
the foul seeds contained in manure without injur¬ 
ing the manure itselfi If all weeds containing ripe 
seeds were thrown in a hill by themselves, and af¬ 
ter a considerable pile were collected caustic lime 
was mixed with them, the greater part of the seeds 
would be destroyed. No doubt many of the seeds 
are destroyed before the manure becomes tho¬ 
roughly decomposed in the ordinary way, but many 
more are so tenacious of life that they live through 
all kinds of hard usage. All weeds should be cut 
down and thrown on the manure pile before the 
seeds are formed. Then there will be nothing but 
the seed from the hay to be troublesome and the 
greater part of this will be destroyed in the fer¬ 
mentation of the manure. 
Blackberries. —We are indebted to our friends 
for various specimens of fine fruits, and among 
others to Mrs. Wm. P. Goodenguce, for the largest 
and finest flavored White Blackberries that we ever 
saw or tasted; and to Ciias. P. Bissell for a dish 
of magnificent Kew Rochelles. 
Death of Mrs. L C. Loudon. —The English Hor¬ 
ticultural Journals announce the death of Mrs. J. C. 
Loudon, widow of the great horticultural author. 
Mrs. L. was herself the authoress of several popular 
works on gardening and garden flowers. 
INQUIRIES—COLORING MERINO DRESSES, &c. 
Dear Rural: —I am too young an housekeeper 
to venture anything in the way of instruction, but 
I would like to ask two questions which I hope 
some of the wise ones will answer. 
And first—How can I make good vinegar that 
will cost less than twenty-five cents per gallon_ 
the ruling price in our part of the world. 
I have noticed many recipes for coloring, but 
they seem to be nearly all for cotton. Now, many 
persons have white or very light merinos and cash¬ 
meres, which soil easily and never look well again. 
I believe that a recipe for coloring such a dress 
some rich dark color, either green, blue, crimson, 
or brown, would be acceptable to others besides 
myself, and, in this belief, I ask for one. Will some 
one give it in time for use to have a dress for next 
winter, even in case the corn crop shoidd fail?—J. 
8., Mich., 1858. 
Remarks.— In regard to the inquiries of J. S., 
in the note sent with the foregoing, we would say 
that neither of the communications referred to 
have been received. This will account for their 
non-appearance. —Eds. 
CAKES AND COOKIES. 
Eds. Rural :—Having read some excellent reci¬ 
pes for cooking in your valuable journal, I thought 
I would contribute my mite, in sending you a few 
that are cheap, and I know to be good. 
Tea Cake. —One cup of white sugar; 2 eggs; £ 
a cup of butter; § of a cup of butter-milk; £ tea¬ 
spoon of saleratus; 2£ cups of flour—spice to your 
taste. 
Sister to Sponge Cake.—Two eggs; 1 cup oi 
sugar; 1 cup of flour; £ cup of sour cream; £ 
teaspoon of saleratus; a little nutmeg; a very lit¬ 
tle salt. 
Everlasting Cookies.—Two eggs; l£ cups of 
sugar; £ cup of butter; 1 teaspoonful saleratus; £ 
of a nutmeg—stir in the flour till it will roll out 
nicely. 
Cookies. —One cup of sugar; 1 cup of sour 
cream; 1 egg; £ teaspoonful of salt; 1 teaspoon 
of caraway seed; £ teaspoon of soda—mix them 
up rather hard. Susie, 
Parma, N. Y., 1858. 
Blackberry Wine. —There is no wine equal to 
the blackberry wine, when properly made, either 
in flavor or for medicinal purposes, and all per¬ 
sons, who can conveniently do so, should manu¬ 
facture enough for their own use every year, as it 
is invaluable in sickness as a tonic, and nothing-is 
a better remedy for bowel diseases. We, therefore, 
give the recipe for making it, and, having tried it 
ourselves, we speak advisedly on the subject:— 
“ Measure your berries and bruise them; to every 
gallon, adding one quart of boiling water. Let 
the mixture stand twenty-four hours, stirring oc¬ 
casionally; then strain off the liquor into a cask, 
to every gallon, adding two pounds of sugar, cork 
tight, and let it stand till the following October, 
and you will have wine ready for use, without 
further straining or boiling, that will make lips 
smack as they never smacked, under similar in¬ 
fluences, before.— Selected. 
To Remove Mildew from Clothing. —I noticed 
in the Rural of last week that C. E. M., of Lima, 
wishes to know how to take mildew from clothing. 
Take soap and make it thin enough to rub into the 
cloth well, then lay it in a hot sun for two or three 
days. If one application is not enough, wet it 
again. You will find it a sure method to take stains 
of any kind from white cloths.—P. D. L., Chautau- 
que, N. Y., 1858, 
Having noticed an inquiry in a late number of 
the Rural for taking out mildew, I send a simple 
remedy. Take bar soap and powdered chalk—wet 
the cloth and rub on the mixture and lay it in the 
sun. 
Can any of your readers give me some method 
for removing grease spots from broadcloths?—C. 
H. W., Pavilion, N. Y, 1858. 
Blackberry Jam. — Gather the fruit in dry 
weather; allow half a pound of good brown Bugar 
to every pound of fruit; boil the whole together 
gently for an hour, or till the blackberries are soft, 
stirring and mashing them well. Preserve it like 
any other jam, and it will be found very useful in 
families, particularly for children ; regulating 
their bowels, and enabling you to dispense with 
cathartics. It may be spread,on bread, or on pud¬ 
dings, instead of butter. Even when the black¬ 
berries are bought it is cheaper than butter.— 
Selected. 
Sewing Machines. —You seem rather to indorse 
the idea that there are no low-priced Sewing Ma¬ 
chines that are worth having. Allow me to say 
that I know of one exception. After an experi¬ 
ence of about three months, I can say, with con¬ 
fidence, that “ Lathbury’s Patent,” sold by G- C. 
Lane & Co., is a really good machine. We have 
made different kinds of garments with it, and 
think it does all that a sewing machine could be 
expected to do.— E. G. Peckiiam, Wright's Comers, 
Niag. Co., N. Y., 1858. 
Cold Jelly. — I find, in a late Rural, an inquiry 
for a method to make Cold Jelly. The following 
is my way, and it works admirably. Take one 
pound of sugar to each pint of juice — scald, 
place in the sun. The time required for it to be¬ 
come jelly, will not exceed two days — it should 
then be put in pots or bowls and sealed.— Ann D., 
Phelps, Ont. Co., N. Y., 1858. 
Cement for Crockery. —Will some of the Ru¬ 
ral correspondents give a good recipe for making 
a cement that will fasten broken glass or earthen? 
The handles and nobs often get broken off and 
disfigured, and are ruined—I think a good cement 
might make things as good as new in looks.—A 
Reader, Porter, Cass Co., Michigan, 1858. 
Somethings are too dear, though they cost 
nothing. 
