TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
YOL. IX. NO. u.\ 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, very much like it, was there described and figured. 
an original weekly From the letter of 8. S. Rathvon, given below, it 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper, Wl11 be 8een re aembles Phytocerus pratensis, a 
_ foreign species. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, We are not satisfied that this insect is the cause 
WITH AN ABLE coups op assistant editors. ? f th f. P otato ro \but we aie satisfied that a close 
_ investigation of its habits can do no harm, and 
Tn» Rural New-Yorker u designed to bo unsurpassed in ma y rcSQ lt in good. From several letters received 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique and On this subject, WC give the following from JACOB 
beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his personal atten- c T T oneoder P« . 
tion to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly labors A Eit > 01 Lancaster, 1 a.. 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the important DEAR RURAL:—I am, for One, greatly obliged for 
Practical, Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the the article on the Potato Rot, and also for the in- 
bnsiness of those whose imerests it zealously advocate* It embraces sects you had the kindness to send me. The 6X- 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and ... 
Nows Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, cellen t remarks and patient perseverance Of Mr. 
than any other Journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultu- ALEXANDER HENDERSON are worthy Of COnsidera- 
ral, Literary and Family Journal in Amorica. tion and praise, as there is certainly occasion for 
, " such investigation on the cause of the potato dis- 
to D. d. t. MOORE, Rochester, n. y. f ase - Hon. Lyman Rekd, of Maryland, has also 
For terms and other particulars, see last page. instituted a series of microscopic examinations,— 
=' and raised potatoes in jars, flower-pots, &c., cov- 
WY tv ered from exposure, and on tubers from his cellar. 
Iflv 444 ' “ Thus in three separate and entirely dissimilar po- 
_ silions, insects, similar in every respect, were found, 
- evidently subsisting upon the sap of the sprouts 
THE POTATO DISEASE: and vines.” In 185G he first “found the eggs em- 
ITS CAUSE AND REMEDIES bedded in the very sprouts, and in the skin near the 
___ ’ e yes, hat only with a powerful microscope.” A 
“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1858. 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
SWHOLE NO. 150. 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OP ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
sail 
f sjTlu 
t All communications, and business letters, should bo addressed 
to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
ssnC / / v Y ^ 
j/ 
“ CRUISER,” BEFORE HIS INTRODUCTION TO MR. RAREY. 
THE POTATO DISEASE: 
ITS CAUSE AND REMEDIES. 
THE TWO CRUISERS,-WILD AND 
AFTER IIIS INTRODUCTION. 
i.'/ 
TAME. 
■-- * eye8 ’ b “ t onlywith a powerful microscope.” A Above we present two views of the mode of ap- one inch thick, in two, with his teeth!” The Rad heard of his vicious propensities. You could 
In the Rural of August 7th, we gave a detailed senes ° f «P®ri“enta confirmed his opinion, and preaching L ° rd Dorchester’s horse “ Cruiser,” It , view rem arks:- “Such au animal, was not a Rave heard a pin drop when the American Horse- 
account of the experiments of Mr. Henderson to ln conclusion he says:—“This insect is the Aphis." ' anima sheeted for the purpose of testing Air. very promising subject to operate upon; but Mr. Tamer asked his four legged pupil to shake hands 
ascertain the cause of the potato rot, and his belief ,^; FKED SmEK ’ R R S ” has 8ubm5tted tbo rcsult Rakey . s mode of . subjugation. Speaking of the r akey undertook his cure. First, he subjugated a with him, at the termination of a lecture listened 
that it was caused by an insect, the facts on which of h,s re searches in a volume of 143 pages, with viuousness of this horse, Charles Dickens, in two-year filly, perfectly unbroken. This he accom- to with breathless interest, by an exalted and de- 
that belief was founded, and the habits of the in- nu “ eroua nitrations on ten lithographs. This Household Words, saysCruiser, as might have pliHhed un(]er halt > an h()Ur _ riding on her lighted assemblage of the noblest and fairest in this 
sect, so far as ascertained. In doing this we did work was re-printed in New York, by Wiley & Put- been expected from a horse who had eaten and ing an umbrella, beating a drum upon her, &c. He land. The Wednesday after Mr. Rakey rode the 
not wish to be understood as endorsing the opin- £ AM ’ and a C 0 P y 18 before me > dedicated to His drunk through the helmet barred for nearly three then took Cruiser in hand; and, says Lord Dorches- horse about London. 
.ion or deductions of Mr. H„ but as we then stated, R ° yal Highness, Prince Albert. After due con- Y 0 " 8 . ‘ could do much more fighting in less time’ ter, ‘in three hours, Mr. Rarey and myself mounted His success in the matter is undoubted. The 
“ The fa °t that the cause of this disease is not yet 81deratlon ° f tho influence and the conditions of tha “ an y horse of the day; and when.the blood him. He had not been ridden for nearly three London Athenaeum says .-—“Neither Bucephalus 
ascertained, with any degree of certainty, and that the atmosphere, soil, moisture, fungi, manures, light rushed to his brain on hei^g first fastened to the years; and was so vicious that «it was impossible nor Copenhagen attained tho honest fame of 
It still exists unchecked, so far as the agency of an ' shade—abnormal condition of the vital forces, rack, his rage fairly towered into frenzy. There even to dress him; and it was necessary to keep Cruiser. These vulgar steeds, however, sung in 
man is concerned, entitles any reasonable explana- y too great a luxuriance in growth and continued 18 > however, as his neat, tapering head indicates, him muzzled constantly. The following morning, rhyme and legend, were to him as Suffolk cobs to 
tion of its cause, and any feasible plan for its cure, cultiva tioD, each or either of which may promote D0 lack of kindl y intelligence about him.” When Mr. Rakey led him behind an open carriage, on coursers of tho sun. They stole their light from 
to fair and full consideration.” Neither did we tho diaease . a “d a dry state of the soil and weather Cruiser was a two year old, he ran second to Para his road to London.’ famous men, who owned and rode them. Cruiser 
think that the habits of the insect charged with rctard it:—sums up by accusing the Aphis vastator for tbe Criterion. At the Derby races the two Twice the creature flew at‘the tamer,’ with a shines by his own light Cruiser made Rarey 
the mischief was correctly described inall particu- as a Prominent actor in the malady. horses were first favorites, but the malicious dispo- fierce cry; but he kept out of its reach, behind a consul! When Claudius named his hack first 
lars, for we well knew that the best of entomolo- . Dn Harbis 8 a y 8 a 8 P eciea of insect (the same as 8ltl(m of Cruiser exhibited itself—he would not half-door, and at last grew a little kinder, and he magistrate of Rome, hacks came into fashion- 
gists often make sad mistakes when describing the thoae noticed by Mr. Henderson,) were sent him ru n and to tho present time has never been en- succeeded in tying its head to the rack. This Cruiser has made Air. Rarey a fashion.” While 
habits of an insect new to them. In the introduc- fr °m Vermont, in the summer of 1851, “where they ^ered for a contest. The London Review quotes sense of restraint, which he had forgotten for three operating upon a vicious horse belonging to a 
tion to Dr. Fitch’s Report on Insects for 185G, he were confidently believed to be the cause of the Po- Lord Dorchester's description of him as follows:- years, maddened the horse-the blood-vessels of Mr. Gurney, the colt very nearlv closed Rarky’b 
quotes as follows, from a letter received from an *?° Rot ” The insects inclosed belong to the order Cralser baa been vicious from a foal, always the head dilated, and his frenzy for nearly twenty career by a kick. Says Household Words:—" The 
eminent English entomologist:—“You must not IIenii P iera > and family Penlatomada:; Genus Phy - troublesome to handle (we are using his owner’s minutes was such that Lord Dorchester begged hoof glanced within an inch of his breast and 
hope, however, to arrive at perfection at once; for towrw-doubUess the P. lineolaris of P. de Beauv, language,) and showing temper on every opportu- Mr. Rarey not to peril his life, and think no more while tho audience gave a symoathetic shudder 
the greater my experience, the more I am con- which is identical with the Capsus oblinalus of Say. nlty - He would kneel in the street and tear the of the ilino bond which he had entered into to re- his color neither came nor went We have never 
vinced that the first accounts of the economy of 1 hese are not known to cohabit before they arrive g round with his teeth in his paroxysms of rage— turn the horse cured in three months. However, seen him partly beaten or seem to lose temner but 
noxious insects cannot be made quite correct So |° the perfect winged state, certainly requiring a He would lean against the wall of his box, and America was not to be daunted; and when the that once, and then his neophyte had consistently 
that in fact they become feelers and targets for the lon 8 er period than ten days from the time they are klck and 8Cream for ten minutes together; and he horse was slightly exhausted, he made his first ef- torn off the flaps and burst the girths of everv 
critics to fire at But, from such attacks, it is in- hatched from the egg and gone through their waB returned from stables in which he had been fort, and, by the end of three hours, the evil spirit saddle that had been put on him Mr Rarky’h 
credible what information may be collected and er- several stages oftransformation. As botanist to P aced ’ because his savage propensities rendered seemed to have departed.” On the Monday follow- weakness from illness was so great that he could 
rors corrected.” The Country Gentleman of Aug. tbe Lancaster City and County Horticultural So- the car ® of him too dangerous an office for any ing. Mr. Rarey opened his school. The“incurably barely be lifted upon the saddle still this horse 
12 th contains a criticism of this article, which the ciety > 1 re ad Henderson’s article before a meeting “ aiE For day8 > he would allow no one to enter savage” horse was there, and was gentle as a dove, allowed him quietly to saddle and mount it after 
editor says he gives with the endorsement of Dr. of tb ® Society, and as my friend S. S. Rathvon, is hlH box; and on one occasion, tore an iron bar, before an audience of three hundred, all of whom five and thirty minutes.” 
Asa Fitch. We are glad the Doctor has turned tbe Entomologist of the Society, I handed him the - -- 
critic, although the “ feeler ” published in the Ru- insec ts for inspection, who has just given me his realh J has discovered the cause of the potato rot, it will I 8 j mi)lv aseenriarv ftn ri 1 • I Z . , I mTT _ ~~ 
simply a secondary and powerful adjunct Frosted 
ral furnishes the target, and hope some of that °P inion 011 tbe subject, which I enclose herewith. notbe lon « befor « the P™per remedy win be obtained, h n * 
“incredible” amount of “ information may be gath- make ,u«l. u,o of it a, ,o„ deem the *" h ” rt ? *I'f™" “‘l-h.l.a*, ?i,I fZ ?, wh. -t d , ’“o 
ered and errors corrected.’- object requires. u ‘ ,on su " ' tw»k further iuv..tr g .ti„ n »I>P '<•»«< n of lime to the soil. In deep loam will 
Tho rtoWc v • 4 w-. 0 . poHBibly lead to difTerent conclusioDH as to the insect, and P rorta ce it Any cause that weakens the plant, may 
The points of objections are these-First, “ The Ow Sir.—The in ,ect you Bubmitted to my inspection the modus operandi of the injury it does to the potato occasion the curl, as well as Aphids or other insects, 
insect hm always been known in this country, and * P ^ oce ™’ ^ «"»P- ' am far from beiieviu, that be or any other man Forcing by rich manure is injurious, so much so 
was probably quite as numerous fifty years ago as A V ’ l *° nametl ln my 18 yet P re Pared to exclaim “ Eureka “ on that subject that the guano from Ichaboa was deemed a cause 
it ever has been since. * * * Why did itnever ® )1 ' echon » but ll approaches just as nearly P. pratensis, a All of his suggestions, however, are valuable, and worthy at one time Ths snWsrt tl f i m i • 
cause the. rot until so recently?” There is no which also has the v mark on the scutel- of the attention and consideration of the notato ^ ° De ^ a " b J 8 «t has thus far bafliedsci- 
urnnf nnt » l ..... ., 7 ,, . , A npecies is very vanawe, ana, therefore, hard 
InZianl 1 ? ^’ ^ msect was as to identify. One of the leading characteristics of tide 
numerous fifty years ago as now. The present sea- Genus is the four-jointed antenna I have, perhaps, a 
-consideration of the potato grower. 
turn. The species is very variable, and, therefore, hard — S. S. Rathyon. 
to identify. One of the leading characteristics of the Vrmr ,„„r.,i 
Genus is the four-jointed antenna:. I have, perhaps a , Y °? d ° Ut W “ 8 defectlve ln representing the 
dozen different species of them in mv collection and Antennae , which are really four jointed, a feature of 
S. S. Rathyon. enpe - Pdteut ' (,ffice Agricultural Reports, 1855, p. 
Vonr wnnii nnt • .• , P- 248, treats also on this subject The 
i our wood cut was defective in representing the „ .. ... 
whlnh „r« mi-,.. . oomposkton of the potato In loo part, is 
THE-ART OF HORSE - TAMING, 
A8 PRACTISED BY 
WILLIAM H. AND JOHN 8. RAHEY. 
II. —On Breaking and Training Colts, &c. 
In accordance with the intimation in last week’s 
Rural, we resume the exposition of the Rarey 
system of Horte-Taming, as applied to the subju¬ 
gation and adaptation of the animal to the various 
purposes for which his assistance is sought. 
CATCHING THE COLT. 
If the colt is in the pasture, approach kindly and 
quietly, extending but one arm, and as you move 
towards him speak soothingly. If any difficulty is 
Bon we have collected over a hundred specimens dozen different species of them in my collection, and Antmn ^ which are really four jointed, a feature of tbu8 Htared; P V 18 catching the colt. 
from one hill of potatoes. The disease too, like the have found them upon a great variety of plants, including great lm Portance to a proper classification, and Wh w..!.. 68 to 72 If the colt is in the pasture, approach kindly and 
insects, may have existed “always," but if they the potato, tomato, nightshade, &c., &c. They are allied to ° mu ch neglected in drawings and woodcuts starch."il 7 toi 5 quietly, extending but one arm and as you move 
were not numerous and the evil not very general, !°„^ h g ! nera Cap,us and ***• and to « ether with generally. £rKuSta . 11 t towards him speak soothingly. ’ If any difficulty is 
it wouid not of course attract much attention- the order^/S^TroTw^L a^tifr^sT? a ! Qardm f‘ Ma e^ tor May, 1857, p. 317, There is also a small portion of poiashi and of an pau8ed by bia movements to avoid contact, keep 
sai/t 0 r f k ,r W o? f any lnBeCt8 ° f WhlCh U Can be tation ’ not onl y from ’ puncturing the leaves and extract- JT" Say t 8 ' • w!° tUber 18 & perfect or ' essential oil. Phosphorus would seem to be either the tem P er 0001 and P er8iat in tb e effort to its com- 
ag 0 afl r no h i U nrth h t 7 f Were " "T*™! fifty year8 the juices, but from a poison which they infuse,cans- nroceedsTndTf ^ hlC . h . the ,°^^ rCQ ^lation regutariy contained or generated during decomposition— Potion, which cannot exceed a few minutes. If 
go as now, or that for any number of years have ing the plants to wilt and die. Whether any of them are , d . ’ ® d f Buflere d to ripen, will then tend to The « Edinburgh Philosophical Journal" states that you ruah after bim with arms swinging, and hal- 
appeared to continue about the same in numbers, the cause of the potato rot is more than I can »»v n. decay; but se P ara ted before ripe from the stem ari offiner or , at. ♦>.. i.„. looing. he fears bodilv harm and will exert bi a 
ago as now, or that for any number of years have ing the plants to wilt and die.' Whether any of Z 
appeared to continue about the same in numbers, the cause of the potato rot is more than I can say. Dr. 
an officer on guard at Strasburg thought the bar- lo °i D f?> b e fears bodily harm and will exert his ut- 
Many of them, like the grasshoppers, rose bugs, Harkjs says they were sent to him from Vermont in the ° r stalk which furnishes it with blood or fruit sap, rac ks were on tire, so great was the light emitted most strength to escape. This should not be— 
and squash hugs, appear in unaccountably large 8 ™ r of 1851 > “ " here they were confidently believ- pending from the leaves, the circulation of the from a cellar filled with potatoes which were in an f rom first to last, the presence of man should never 
numbers one season and the nextas unaccountably ““ J P^rot." They have a very Wood-sap is suddenly arrested. The ripe potato, incipient state of decomposition he connected with the fear of injury. 
disappear, while others increase gradually for a the S ll , ‘ °P e p ratl0D8 ’ become8 more Facts a,e wanted, and investigations, and those 
senes of years, and then gradually decrease. The Although u ; wilu ’ to ^ tha these insects man nart 5 but ^ the filiation of ■ the sap in the unripe B pread abroad, until the truth is made manifest, and 
b I f ^Cthfeisbut htth 5 un der stood,an d have something to do With the potato ro^t from my ube ^ ba ™g ba cn stopped, it starts more readily, the true source of the disease thoroughly establish- 
STABLING THE COLT. 
Air. Rakey calls stabling the mest wary colt a 
things which are most interesting and remarkable th «y Bhou l d cohabit in ten days after their exclusion from ened, possesses an unspent vigor and energy.”— into the doings of the insect tribe . 8 J St ri 
are brought to my view, in the researches in which th , e egg ’ unIess the y shou >d have, within that time, pass- That over-ripeness is the principal cause of the ___ ' _ 
scrutiny blowly. To avoid you, he will move toward the 
uffek. horse and unsuspiciously enter the stable. Tho 
. *---- Lttiucu wiugu. luhwutw mau pasj xne larv® or i?rub state i . - uui wow, mo whu au nAar a 1 . . - 
it* Certain it is that these little creatures, seem- in tbe ground are usually provided with jaws or anterior P rodace * be disease known as the curl or curl top. inch plank on the finor, a hole in the door and a n ie P rox, mity of tho trained horse 
inglyso insignificant and powerless as to be un- ^developed for that purpose, or else are furnished with Tb e portion of the tuber that is nearest to the cord clapboard off one side and a broken window in msurea llia safety. Should he escape, patiently re¬ 
worthy of a moment’s notice from any'body but a dissoIvin 8 H< l uid in the subterranean Lepidoptene,) tbat fdate n a it to the plant, ripens first, which can the other, with a leaky roof or a tightly built one P6at the P roc<m When aecure d, lead away the 
the curious, occupy a most important rank in the ?° he | p them ? ut of the earth at the P r0 P er time - These b e tested in an elongated potato by the one end be without any means of ventilation. Unfortunately h ° r8e and glV ® the COlt a handfal of 8 rain - 
scale of creation, and on every side of us their per- "T" d0ming , meaIy on boilin «> the other 8oft aad ™xy there are too many of each cla.ss in all sections of gene «al rules. 
formances are producing most important results.” nearly allied to it, in the larvae state upon plant/manv Ut SU ° \ * P ot . ato ’ witb eyea on . eacb end ! tboHa th« country. But the number is, we trust, yearly -As general rules for the various operations, Mr. 
each class in all sections of 
number is, we trust, yearly 
^-—„ ,— mum imjjonam xcHiiuM.* nearly allied to it, in the larva: state upon plants many ‘ . ' ' - » - iuvwuuu;. duiuib uuiuuct i», we trust, yearly As general rules for the various operations, Mr. 
The second objection is—“ The insect referred to atime. Their habits then are similar to the mature in- eyes 011 e unripe or waxy end will produce.sound getting less See to it, however, you who have had Rakey recommends that the shed or stable used 
as never infested Great Britain. Why did the sect—they are very shy, and immediately pass around to P an ’~ w 1 L * CUI ma y appear in those which aie energy enough to build a neat, good, substantial should be light, and high enough to admit of a 
potato rot there?” We are very much mistaken if the underside of tfa e leaf, or flower, if disturbed. If the a rom the mealy end. barn, that from lack of judicious ventilation your man’s riding around without danger to his head; 
Dr. Swee does not describe, in his work on the po- distnrba “ ce is continued, they fall to the ground, and Jt 18 > however, of vast importance as to the soil, horses a<e not as much injured in eyes and lungs, that chickens, swine, and other animals he exclu- 
tato disease, an insect very much like this in form, 111 f "’ th e earth, or, if winged, fly away. 6 0 P anting, &c., and I agree with Mr. Hen- from the lack of good air and the constant exhala- ded . aa serving to attract the attention of the 
abits, & c . We have not now this work at hand, ment ' g f or hecertaLl/Ts entitled ****** whether .i" - f Z' 11 (iaeatl( >“. after all, t j on of noxious vapors, as they would be in other horse; thaton no account shall anyperson accom- 
Ut we feel <l aite confident an insect, the same, or f or his patient and pwsevering in^estfitionr^dT/he -velv ar« the nri a ° 81 b ° Ul 88pa '' ate ' y or collec ‘ respects in the tumble down barn of your neigh- P ar) y the tamer, or bo present at his operations, 
’ ,i ^ P mar y cause of the disease — or bor shiftless.— Ex. in order that the attention of the horse be not di- 
persevering investigations, and if he 1 jvely are the primary cause of the disease • 
t 
' or bor Shiftless.— Ex. 
