VttWUA. 
i|Js: 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS, 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper, 
“ These money results, satisfactory, though they be, 
are not, we consider, the only points of advan¬ 
tage which the introduction of these machines 
confers upon agriculture. By their aid we can 
carry out a complete system of autumnal cultiva¬ 
tion now so generally admitted to be desirable, but 
which it is extremely difficult to effect with the 
ordinary force of a farm, in ordinary seasons, and 
under ordinary circumstances. We can continue 
our cultivation by plowing or otherwise, well 
nigh regardless of weather, and upon land which 
would not submit to the pressure of horse labor. 
We have perfect control over the work we wish to 
have done; and when it is done, it is found to be 
more regular throughout, and to be in a more open 
and desirable condition than could be obtained by 
the best and most judicious application of the ordi¬ 
nary implements of a farm. These are points 
which we cannot too strongly recommend to the 
attention of those interested in the advancement of 
agriculture. 
We wish it distinctlyunderstood that throughout 
the trials we have charged the machines with the 
maximum of working expenses, and have credited 
them with the minimum value for the work per¬ 
formed. We feel confident that when in constant 
operation on a farm, the work done would be at a 
lower rate of cost than that now given, and their 
great advantages then more clearly and directly 
shown. At the same time, too, it mu3t not be for¬ 
gotten that the engines themselves are equally 
applicable to all the other power purposes of the 
farm. 
From the foregoing results of the trials intrusted 
to our decision by the Council of the Royal Agri¬ 
cultural Society, and conducted throughout under 
our immediate supervision, it is beyond question 
that Mr. Fowlei's machine is able to turn over the 
soil in an efficient manner at aeaving, as compared 
with horse labor, of on light land 2£ to 20 par cent.; 
on heavy land, 25 to 30 per cent.; and in trench¬ 
ing, 80 to 85 per cent,; while the soil in all cases 
is left in a far more desirable condition and better 
adapted'for. all the purposes of husbandry. We 
are, therefore, unanimously of opinion that he is 
fully entitled to the price of £300, and we now give 
our award accordingly.” 
after being strained through linen, had a specific 
gravity of 1.0C2; and, after boiling and the separa¬ 
tion of an albuminous scum, 1.055. Three and one- 
half fluid ounces of the strained juice was ovapo- 
rated at 212° F., until it became a dense straw- 
yellow syrup, too thick to run when cold, and 
giving 217 grains of saccharine matter. That 
portion of the juice which hid been freed from all 
albuminous matter and filtered through paper, 
gave, on evaporation of a fluid ounce, 78 grains 
of thick yellow syrup, which, being dissolved in 
absolute alcohol, left 9 per cent of mucilaginous 
substances containing htarch. The alcohol took 
up 69 grains of saccharine matter. The result in 
this lot equalled 14 3&100 per cent, on the juice. 
Tn other instances the yield of syrup varied from 
12 down to 9 per cent. Lime-water and also bone- 
black were used as putiliers. A small proportion 
of crystallized sugar was obtained from the 
bottom of a vessel injwhich the syrup had stood 
for some days. Dri J. fouhd that when the seeds 
were ripe the cane contained the most sweetness— 
in some specimens wl;)ch were just in flower there 
was but very little'*§ac(;harine matter. 
In the statements if J. H. Hammond, Esq., of 
Silverton, South Carolina, before the Beach Island 
Farmer’s Club, we observe a point of difference be¬ 
tween his demonstrations and Dr. Jackson’s in 
reference to the sweetness of the cane at various 
stages of growth. Mr. IT. had a rude mill put up 
with two beech wood rollers, and first cut 1,750 
canes, which he supposed a fair sample of the 
patch. He says:—“Tho first 300 or 400 were 
passed through the mill twice, the remainder four 
times, and tho yield was 194 quarts of juice. The 
jnico was received in common tubr and tested by 
a thermometer, and a sac?hnrometer with a scale 
of 40°. The thermometer stood in every instance 
at 78° F. The saccharoir. 'ter varied from 21,J° to 
23°. At tho latter pofn^the juice would float a 
freBh-laid egg. 1 boiled it in a deep, old-fashioned 
‘cow-pot,’ and, after six to seven hours’boiling, 
obtained 32 quarts of tolerable syrup. The next 
day I selected 10 canes, the heads of which wero 
fully matured, 10 more in full milk, 10 more ih« 
heads of which were just fully developed and tho 
top seed beginning to turn black, and again 10 
comprising all these stages, but from which I did 
not strip the leaves. They were all passed through 
the mill seven times, and yielded nearly the same 
quantity of juice—about 3 quarts for every 10 
canes. The juice, tested by the saccharometer, 
showed that the youngest cane had rather the 
most, and the oldest rather the least saccharine 
matter. The whole, together with that of a few 
other good canes, exhibited at 80° of the ther¬ 
mometer 24£° of tho saccharometer. From 42 
pints ot tho juice I obtained, after four hours’ 
boiling, 9 ."pints of rather bettor syrup than that 
made the day before. In these boilings, I mixed 
with the cold juice about a tea spoonful of lime- 
water, of the consistency of cream, for every 5 
gallons.” 
Another experiment in boiling was made before 
several members of the Club, in which 37J quarts 
of the juice—the yield of 800 canes—were put in 
the pot. Mr. H. says:—“With tho thermometer at 
85° in the juice, the saccharometer stood at 2-4°; 
we boiled the juice until it run together on the 
rim of the ladle and hung in a transparent sheet 
half an inch below it before falling. And this in 
two and a half hours. The result was 6 quarts of 
choice syrup. Tho next day I repeated the experi¬ 
ment on a larger scale, with equal success, and 
brought to the Club enough of the syrup to enable 
every member to try it and judge of its quality. 
All who tasted it agreed that it was equal to the best 
that we get from New Orleans. In these last boil¬ 
ings, I put a table-spoonful of lime-water, prepared 
as before, to every 10 gallons. The whole process 
of clarifying and boiling was carried through in 
the sams pot, and that very unsuitable from its 
depth.” 
In our next we shall commence a record of the 
experiments of J. S. Loveking, of Philadelphia. 
Mr. L. would seem to have met with the most 
marked success of any of those who have yet 
endeavored to maDi 'a. tnre both syrup and sugar 
from the Sorghum, and the facts spread out in his 
report will doubtless prove of much value to all 
who are expecting their own fields shall hereafter 
furnish them with sweetness, as well as fatness. 
Thb -Rural New-Yorker Is designed to be unsurpassed In 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety ot Contents, and unique and 
beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his personal atten¬ 
tion to the supervision of its various departments, and earnestly labors 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the important 
Practical, Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests It zealously advocates. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, I.iterary and 
News Mattor, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, 
than any other journal,— rendering it the most complete Agricultu¬ 
ral, Literart and Family Journal in America 
S it - Ail communications, and business lettcre, should be addressed 
to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
FOR Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
It affords us pleasure to present Rurai, readers 
the accompanying description and illustrations of 
an Improved Flow, invented by Mr. H. Warren, 
of Penn Yau, N. Y., and patented on the 20th of 
July, 1858. We understand that this plow has been 
thoroughly tested by several of tbe best farmers in 
Yates, Steuben and other counties, who pronounce 
it a great improvement. It is apparently worthy the 
attention of the agricultural public, and wo trust 
will prove alike creditable to the Inventor and val¬ 
uable to cultivators. The figures represent the 
several parts, and, with the following description 
by the inventor, will enable our readers to compre¬ 
hend tho improvement and its advantages: 
“ Tho beam is much improved over the beams 
heretofore in use. It is made lighter and longer, 
and the peculiar shape of the beam gives it much 
lateral strength, while the proportion and uniform 
thickness of tho same allows all parts to cool alike 
when it iB cast, which makes the iron of a uniform 
toughness and consequently greater strength. A 
transverso section of the beam nearly resembles 
the letter S. 
Tho union of the beam with tho mold board is 
an important point in this plow und is entirely new 
and very plain in construction. Figures 2, 3 and 
4 clearly show how this union is made; and it 
may be seen that tho beam extends downward and 
forms the landsido portion of the plow. The for¬ 
ward part of this portion is fitted to the landside 
part of tho mold-board in such manner that when 
the plow is drawn the joints are drawn more firmly 
together, so that if the bolts become loose the plow 
will keep its proper shape and not be in danger of 
being broken by careless plowmen. This method 
of forming tho connection is as cheap as any of the 
methods heretofore used, and is far superior to any 
other in practical utility. 
The mold-board i a a fine specimen of mechanical 
skill; it is Bimple and easy of construction, and its 
peculiar connection with the beam gives it strength 
and durability beyond any plow now in use. The 
share is fitted to the mold-board only, and is fitted in¬ 
geniously. It has a firm and unalterable place which 
much decreases the liability of breaking shares. 
Figure 2 is an attachment for a wood beam; it 
may bo put in the placo of tho iron beam wben a 
wood one is preferred, and can be done without 
any alteration whatever, by simply removing tho 
iron beam nnd substituting the wood in its place. 
I’his attachment and tho wooden beam have 
the same effect on tho mold-board. Tho at¬ 
tachment, and the iron beam also, rises up back 
of the upper and forward angle of tYe mold- 
board, which is a sure means to prevent the plow 
being clogged. This arrangement is very impor¬ 
tant when largo clover, Etubble or coarse manure 
is to be plowed under. Tho whole construction 
and arrangement of the plow is weH adapted to tho 
manufacturer’s withes and to the wants of tho 
Firmer. I ho satisfaction and recommendations of 
the farmers who have used it, is a sufficient guar¬ 
anty to the -jpventor and manufacturers to induce 
them to offer this Flow to the public or farmers in 
general, for no doubt now remains that it will give 
satisfaction when it is thoroughly tried by a prac¬ 
tical farmer.” 
Further information relative to this improve¬ 
ment can be obtained by addressing Walter 
Warren, the Inventor, or Messrs. Warren & 
F. W. Tollby, the Proprietors, at Penn Yan, Yates 
Co., N. Y. 
PLOWING BY STEAM. 
Now that the telegraph wire is stretched across 
the trackless waters, and the lightning flashes down, 
down, among the silent caverns and over the moun¬ 
tain tops of old ocean, carrying cold compli¬ 
ments between Queens and Kings and Presidents, 
and warm words of love from friend to friend, we 
must move onward to greater achievements. What 
the next great step will be in tho march of im¬ 
provement we cannot say, but most assuredly this 
step will be made, and will be as much in advance 
of the present as the railroad and telegraph is in ad¬ 
vance of the mail carrier and the stage coach. 
Torero is no stopping place—no bounds to the in¬ 
ventive genius of man. Agriculture has, perhaps, re¬ 
ceived its full share of attention and advantage from 
this faculty, and it is no doubt destined to receive 
still greater benefits. We can remember when most 
of the threshing was done by the flail, and with 
how much difficulty machinery for this purpose 
was introduced in some of the most civilized part 3 
of the world—when every European arrival brought 
us intelligence of the destruction of threshing ma¬ 
chines in England, by mobs of infuriated farm 
laborers, who feared they would deprive them of 
their labor and their bread, and leave them to star, 
vation. Now, not content with using machip^ 
driven by horse-power, steam is much used fo^this 
purpose, and no sane man opposes their use or'hinks 
they are aught but a benefit. The youngptt of our 
readers almost can remember the introduction of 
reaping and mowing machines, and s/fne will recol¬ 
lect when tho reaping hook and/tickle were the 
implements used in cutting wh^ Seed-sowers 
and planters are of but recep* introduction, and 
within a very few years the,prions forms of culti¬ 
vators and shovel-plows pave almost superceded 
the use of the hoe, mucb t0 the relief of tho farmer 
and the benefit of tip crops, as the soil is kept 
in much finer tilth, /ith less labor. It was only a 
week or two ago, /nd during quite a “ dry spell,” 
that a farmer informed us that while he once 
dreaded the j^outb, now he had no fears, as by the 
free use of small plow, cultivator, and shovel- 
plow, alJJbjury from this cause was prevented. 
Plowing by steam is bound to attract considera¬ 
ble attention in the agricultural world for a few 
ysars. The idea will seem chimerical to many, but 
certainly not more so than some things now in 
general use would have appeared fifty, or even 
twenty years ago. The present week we have for 
the first time seen a Steam Fire Engine in success¬ 
ful operation. The proposition to make steam 
available for this purpose would have been laughed 
at ten years ago. On small, or hilly farms, steam, 
we suppose, will never be used, but there is no land 
in the world better adapted to steam-plowiDg 
than the boundless prairies of the West. In ten 
years from now scores of steam plows may be en¬ 
gaged in turning over these rich soils. Be this as 
it may, we will keep our readers advised of all that 
is being done in the way of plowing by steam. 
A prize of $2,000 wa3 offered by the Royal Agri¬ 
cultural Society of England for “the Steam Culti¬ 
vator that shall in the most efficient manner turn over 
the soil, and be an economical substitute for the 
‘plow and the spade.” Our last English journals 
give the report of the Committee which have 
awarded the premium. There were five competi- 
THE CHINESE SUGAR CANE 
After the lapse of several months, in which 
time it would almost seem that the Rural had 
given this Saccharine Celestial the wall, we again 
revert to his “ Sweetness ” with pleasurable sensa¬ 
tions. The past season has been an extraordinarily 
favorable one for testing the value of this cereal, 
both for its powers of producing sugar and 
fodder, and we think that a finality can be reached 
—the question can be definitely settled as to 
whether it may be written “a good thing,” or 
classed with Morus Multicaulis, China Tree Corn, 
Rohan Potatoes, el id omne genus. If it fails, the 
“speculation in crushers,” foretold by our Rural 
correspondent, (W. B. P.,) will find its days num¬ 
bered, and we may reasonably expect “lots of old 
wares ” upon the market—should success be {he 
word, unbelief must pay a premium for an “ex¬ 
pressing agent,” in addition to being assigned a 
position amid “false prophets.” 
In the vicinity of Rochester there was a con¬ 
siderable amount sown the past spring, and, as 
far as our knowledge extends, the crop wears a 
promising appearance. The growth of the past 
season has been strong, and with a few weeks good 
weather the probabilities for its arriving at ma¬ 
turity are propitious. Thus far we can speak 
favorably—the result of the final process of 
manufacturing syrup and sugar is still to be 
demonstrated. The mode of operation which is 
to be the guide of the sugar-maker is not yet 
definitely settled, even among those whose experi¬ 
ments have been the most successful; while the 
great majority who are now cultivating it, have, to 
say the least, very crude opinions upon the subject 
Thup, in our report last season, one has a product 
“ resembling the green scum of a frog pond, and 
no more grain than is possessed by tar;” another 
makes a syrup, but with “a strong and rather 
disagreeable vegetable flavor;” a third ha 3 an 
“ excellent article of sweetening, but dark;” while 
the fourth produces 
MS.flWW. 
SECTIONAL PARTS OF WARREN’S 
Known what losses I sustained by driving, I 
should have done quite differently; now, instead of 
driving, I transfer;” and giveB as his reasons for so 
doing, the great advantages derived by transferring 
the old combs and honey from the old to the new, 
and would have bee keepers believe the old combs 
to be just as good and healthy as new ones. And 
further, to support this theory and strengthen his 
ease, ho supposes that twenty pounds of honey is 
consumed by the bees in constructing sufficient 
combs to contain that amount of honey, and 
finally concludes, after several “ suppositions ,” that 
five dollars at least is saved on each sloc/c trans¬ 
ferred, by transferring the old combs and honey to 
the new hive. 
Now the writer may believe all of the foregoing 
“suppositions,” and all that has been told him by 
those interested in that theory. For one, I must 
beg leave to differ with him on this, as well a 3 
on some other points. Daring twenty years prac¬ 
tical experience and close observation—in which 
an “amber-colored liquid, 
much to be preferred to the best sugar-house in all 
respects.” Here we have disgust—a gleam of 
hope—a flash of light—and one enjoying tho fall 
fruition of a properly conducted experiment. Our 
purpose now is to lay before the readers of the 
Rural, in two or three consecutive numbers, such re¬ 
liable experimental knowledge as has been obtained 
upon the suVject, bo that the great army of inves¬ 
tigators may work understanding^', and that their 
labors may result in the best returns which the 
Chinese Sugar Cane is capable of yielding. 
Among the Chemical Researches given in the 
last Patent Office Report, we find several records 
of experiments made by C. T. Jackson, of Boston, 
Mass. The first plants operated on were from the 
government grounds in Washington. The juice, 
TRANSFERRING BEES. 
Messrs. Eds.:— Tn the Rural of July 24th, I 
noticed a communicatioif from M. M. Baldridge, in 
which he assumes to giye the public some valuable 
information and advic/i “for the benefit of all con¬ 
cerned, and the ‘ Movable Comb Hive,' 1 "—those selling 
it in particular. As I have been informed by Mr. 
Lanostroth’s assignee that Mr. Baldridge, or 
that family, have purchased the right for the 
“ Movable Comb ILve”fox Niagara Co., and as five 
hundred or more of the “ Combination Hives ” 
have been sold in that and Orleans Counties the 
past season, it has become necessary for them to 
make some bold and special effort to change the 
ious. and productive, when I have transferred only a 
nder- portion of the old combs, (or such as contained 
id in eggs and unmatnred brood,) into the lop boxes of 
new the Combination Hive, to be removed as soon as the 
^omb brood matures,—which will be in tbe course of 
time t wenty-one days—by which time the bees will have 
t un- a good supply of now, healthy comb3 constructed 
3 of in the main hive, much more to their liking than if 
year transferred there by the most skillful theorist in the 
