MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
ohh time. I)r. Lindlby, in the London Gardeners' from the Wolds, and it is known that he procured 
Agricultural, Litera ry and Family Newspaper. a8 brief and as equaUy decided on the same side. „ AnimatC(1 by hi8 early 8UCC088 , he still went on, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, breeding from his owner crossing with others that he 
anu we nave veiy liitio respect ior tne ?psi du.it oi judged most likely to bring his own nearest to his idea 
WITH AH ABLE CO RES OF A SSISTANT BDiTORs. tbo80 who bav0 the reputation of being “ scien- 0 f per f ection> by which means, and (in the opinion 
Tni Rural Nkw-Yorkkr i» dmtgncd to be nmmrpMBod in Hflc men. ’ Tbe y ar0 a P t to bc conceited and dog- of one of tbo oldest breeders in the county,) by a 
Value, Purity, u»ofnine88 and Variety ot Contents, and unique and matic, and we are not willing to adopt their opin- cross with the Durham sheep, by slow degrees ho 
beanttfni in Appearance it* Conductor devour hi« personal att«n- ions without a reason. Science is apoorsubsti- produced a form against which he believed no 
tlon to the imporvteion of It* various departmenb. a.,d eantostly labors tute for braill% and 80ra0 0 f the great “ professors' ’ Lssibifi obiectioll could bo raised ” 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the Important ... , 1 J pOBBlDIO 0PJ8C110U COU1U uu rumuii. 
Practical, Scientific and other Subject* intimately connected with the m wor * ( * ar0 8a( ^y deficient m common sense. These facts in regard to the origin of the Loices- 
business of those interest, it seatoualy wivocate. it embrace. The operations of tho “ scientific' ’ men at the Dud tor 8hould be 1()Ht , ht f U8 the involve an 
more ARricnltnnU.Horticultural Sclentiao. Educational, IJterary and \ ey Observatory, Albany, should prOVO a useful lea- ._. . . . , . 
News Matter, Interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, flon tQ common people. A little careful investiga- J" 1 l ,0rta " t P rln6, P le 
than any other Journal,— rendering It the most complete Agrioultu- , ' A , tho production of a distinct breed from two or 
ral. utrkart Aim Family Journal in America tion, and a decent respect for the opinions of others moro diverge 8tock8- Bakkwki.l’s breed gradual- 
. . i■ i n .—. . . would not hurt the wisest. This insect has com- , , , 
- , . .... , . ly gamed in popularity. He bred on a largo scale, 
rxivv rtuxv n menced its ravages in a new direction, and is now f 1 i .1 
ml fc-f Otfett. f-ri.S U,, Dahlia «. „ . to* appear. “ 
YD An extensive grower informed us that he would „ ,. , .1 
. . , _ , , , , „ fully to carry out his objects. Like other improvers, 
■■ ■ — not have a dozen (lowers, although I 10 usually . ' . . * . . . 
. f , J ho hail at, lust to contend against much prejudice, 
HOURS WTTH Tiip rartvtfrs counts them by hundreds. Potatoes in somo places . ,, 
alvmjalo WAixi Afiu, A'A It nut J i " nm VO vnm-n nl Anted hoforn hn fu v ovsrnams n 1 
Chronicle, in three or four lines, sooutsthe idea that others from Lincolnshire. The author referred to 
this insect causes the rot, and Dr. Fitch is almost 8 ays: 
as brief and as equally decided on the same side. „ Anlmatod by hi8 ear i y guccoss, ho still went on, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
to render tho Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the Important ... . . ? 
Practical, Scientific and other 8ubjecta Intimately connected with the world aro Badly deficient HI common sense, 
boslneae of those whose tntereate It eeakxuily arlvocatee It embraces Tho Operations of the M scientific** men at th© Dud• 
more Agricultural. Horticultural Scientific, Kdncatloiial, Literary and Observatory , Albany, should prove a useful les- 
Nbws Matter,lotorspeisod wid, appropriate andbeautlful K, pavings, fl()n tQ common p eople . A little careful investiga- 
than any other Journal,— rendering it the most complete Aoricultu- 
rau utirart and kamilt Journal to America tion, and a decent respect for the opinions of others 
would not hurt the wisest. This insect has com¬ 
menced its ravages in a new direction, and is now 
toil 
HOURS WTTH THF rartvtfrr counts them by hundreds. Potatoes in somo places . . , , ,, . .. ,, „ 
iiuuivo wuti xiiii lAiurutitB. j 1 and 20 years elapsed before he fully overcame all 
- are suffering badly from tho White Drub, the larva; ... . . . ,, ,,, . . 
„ , .. . . , . , . . x d n i .. , . opposition. The following extract well illustrates 
From other dutieawe have snatched a few hours of the June Bug. On examination wc found many j | } 
to spend among tho farmers. Wo love to read the hills where tho tuber wero almost entirely eaten 1 H progress. 
doings of tho greatest farmers in the world, such up. On tho groundsof II. N. Lanowoktiiy, in the “In 1700 it was with difficulty that ho let three 
as we find reported in the books and the European town of Greece, in this county, we caught nineteen rams * or seapon > at I? 8, eac * 1, * 10 
journals—tho results of their costly experiments in one hill. received ten guineas each, for Hie hiring of some 
aro invaluable to tho world of agriculturists. Wo Sugar Cank is growing this season exceedingly 
like to examine, too, tho theories of scientific meD, fine, as tho weather bft3 been quite favorable for its 
n one hill received ten guineas each, for the hiring of some 
„ _ . .... ... of his best rams, and in 1784 and 1785 some were 
Sugar Cane is growing this season exceedingly , ... „ . . , „, 
i v. e J engaged at the expense of one hundred guineas — 
I 
^ .. _ , , r 1 In 178G bo let out ono ram to a (lock, one third of 
oclally when he, gln o. the cam. ef ccrtaiD Ml dc.clopmenl We notice, too, that there h,e lho cwe , bel blg tor m , , n thbt 
kno 7 r “" t8 - f"‘ r “ ,er T “ been ft good Orel »own, although there ha, not ho recciv * od lwa ; 0s 0( , Lmaml gataca. 
leara their and tea,,, their .uooeHC. and .gLndta^ropfor feeding,’andL rn^ng «cla7.cTa.™ of 3Co'o"tZrn 
fatlurea—see thi, field ot luxuriant full eared corn, fodder. One farmer, who ha, a lino crop growing. f ,, f „ , f hi , k f 
5«i :r: ,\uT?aW. and7uStd h a.‘ ™ “ ** 
desirable result — that, short and stunted, and as- the canes efleclually so as to prevent hentinir, they f ^ . . 
/•ortuin nonun thn faiinro xtrn rvaaa v ^ J J One ram of first-rate excelleucc, ho let out to two 
certain tne cause ot tne iaiiurc. do wo pass RBompd so full of Rnr> Tf thn Rtnikn w^rn Tim 11 o 
along, taking a look at all tho fields, and tho crops, we n ripened before cutting, there would bo no mT1“! hf°° Sr ^ 
(never forgetting the melon patch,) thinking and trouble in curing, we should think. Perhaps for “ K 'J r< “ ‘ 3wes J°j h '*» th ® val “® ^ 
talking, teaching and learning, until a look at our the value of the fodder, just as the seed commenced tho ram )j J [ or tho fceaHon bein « estimated at 1,200 
" • .. . ' SLSh. ' ' ' " 
KNGIjISI I I >RAFT-1 LOllSK. 
w ^ iuv t uttuuwA mo iuuuci, junu an iud nctu tyumiuuu uu frninnau 
watch apprises us that time pleasantly employed to form would bo tho best tira0 for cuttIngf We 8 u,nea8, 
nasses raoidlv awav. and we hasten on. „„„„ __i n.u_i_ . ..._ The shoe 
passes rapidly away, and we hasten on. have seen several fields where the stalks were luu ~ “I 1 " 1 T” uu "‘ ““ 
Of no one thing have we been more forcibly im- growlng B0 thickly that it was Impossible to see P a ^ ofB.itainaud Ireland, but from dlshm coun- 
pressed, in our journeyings of late, than the impor- through them the di8tance of a rod, almost impos- ^ in a y. in ,aut| b( - fia '^ tbut t * 10 * iC ' c ® Hter 
tancoot rightly instructing tho youth in farming. 8ib lo to make headway in endeavoring to walk, and breed has(obtained a World-Widei celebrity, and haa 
Farmers should learn their boys to bo neat and whe re we could not find a cone measuring less than ‘““ortalized the name of Us founder. The m- 
thorough In everything they do. Youth is the time ninefect . It would be somewhat difficult of Pavement which Bakeweli. effected consisted in 
in which habits, good or bad, are formed, and they coarHe> to curo Buch an immen80 amonnt of vogc ta. r , eduCing he hom * ud ^1 and increasing the ten 
are seldom changed. Many farmers that we know ble matter, if cut in a green state. It seems to us J ency to fatten. lie regarded tho amrna as a ma- 
of—intelligent, reading, thinking, and in many re- tUat w0 nover Baw any other I)lant tha t would yield chm0 for convertlI1 « vegetables Into flesh and fat, 
spccts valuable men—who can write fluently and 8uch an amoun t 0 f green food, and it is eaten in the Rreatest quantity, and in tho least time. Tbo 
talk wisely on agriculture, have slovenly farms, voraciously by all stock. In England, they cut it old was not fit for tho butcher till 4 j eats old 
(and this they know, and regret,) just because they wlien about three feet highj and it then give8 ' l ' ho EUW K ay o a » much meat in half tho time; 
formed slovenly, carelesB habits in their youth, twenty-five tuns of feed to the acre. Tt then makes wethora weighing 20 to B0 lbs. per quarter, at two 
which they now find it almost impossible to over- a Becond growth, and is cut towards fall, giving yettrH oI<L Tho tcadency t0 Ut was a «t« a >»hing— 
come, llabit is strong, almost overpowering, and about tho Bam0 quantity of feed as at tho first cut- CuL, ' BRY 8 P eakH of a three-year-old wether which 
wo are all more or Icsb under tho influence of ting j u tbo B0u1 ], 0 f p rance an d Italy it is said mea8Ured seven inches and ono eighth of solid fat 
habits formed in our youth. Example is all power- to g ' iv0 tkree good cutting8 . This matter ls worlhy the ribs, “ cut straight through without any 
ful in its influence upon the young. Let all our tho consideration of farmers, who are now giving 8lo P°-” 110 8a >' 8 > “ it ia very common fortwo-jear- 
readers with boys growing up see that they set 80 mucb attentiou to tbo beBt mean8 of f tcdilJg old wethers to cut four inches thick of fat on lho 
them no bad examples. To leave sons with good gtodr, ribs, and from 2 to 3 inches all down the back.” 
sheep wore sough:, after not onl- from all 
thorough in everything they do. Youth is the time 
in which habits, good or bad, are formed, and they 
are seldom changed. Many farmers that we know 
provement which Baku well effected consisted in 
reducing the bono and offal aud increasing the ten 
dency to fatten. Ho regarded the animal as a ma- 
hablts is better than to leave them with farms or 
Hungarian Grass planted in drills, on a sandy 
ribs, ami from 2 to 3 inches ail down the back.” 
Tho symmetry attained in tho New Leicester 
fortunes. Wo Bpeak advisedly when wo Bay that a i oam on lbo 8 j X (h day of July, is now about three sheep, their early maturity and tendency to fatten 
prompt, energetic mechanic or merchant who f eot j n height, and the proprietor thinks ho could —qualities which became so thoroughly estabbsh- 
knows nothing of farming, will make a better grovv two crops in a season very easily. Wo have ed aH to constitute a uew race (as we may say,) of 
farmer in three years than the young man who has notes of somo other matters, which we must defer a peculiar fixity of typo —rendered thorn well 
been brought up on a farm with a careless, thrift- f or t ba present. adapted to the improvement of other breeds; and 
less father or guardian. This we have seen proved 
a score of times, and it was while standing on the 
farm of ono who but four or five years ago first 
“put his hand to the plow,” that these reflections 
were forced upon us. 
r the present adapted to the improvement of other breeds; and 
♦ -- notwithstanding tho comparative lateness of their 
S IT E E 1* ‘ origin, they have, by an infusion of their blood, 
characteristics of bre£I)s.--no.iv. completely changed the characters of every Biitish 
- long wooled breed. The Cotswold, the Lincoln- 
Tue Leicester Breed. —The modern Leicester shire, the Itomney Marsh, and others, have received 
Gokn, ns a general thing, is looking well, and tho belongs to tho division of long-wooled breeds. It from Bakewell’s Loicesters an improvement in 
yield will be fair, as far as wo have seen, though wa3 originated by Robert Bakewell, whose first form and disposition to fatten which, perhaps, they 
we have heard some complaint from tho southern attempfs at its production commenced about ono never could have possessed without this cross, 
portion of this county, that the jield of grain will hundred years ago. The breed was first called the But in the Ldcesters themselvos, the qualities of 
be light, though there are plenty of stalks. Many Bakewell, in honor of its founder; then Dishle^, earl matarit y and tendency to fatten were carrh d 
of the cornfields show the want of drainage. In from the name of Mr. Bakewell’s farm; then New too far . The constitution of the animal was wcak- 
the lower spots the corn is light, and in some Leicester, to distinguish it from the old Leicester; C oed, and the carcass was too fat The error, how- 
cases almost entirely destroyed, while on high and when it had become so widely disseminated as ever, was scon by some breeders, before it was al- 
ground in the same field it is good A very few to supercede the old breed, it was known simply as together too late, ami they have restored the hardi- 
ays o 13 o wea er, t eimome ei jo ,; wi the Leicester. . hood and at tho same time developed the wool- 
put e corn ou o anger o ios, moee I11UC It. is a highly artificial breed, very different from bearing habit The characteristic of the Leicester, 
ot it is already “glazed,” and some ot the Rhode any known before Bakewell’ stimo. Itsorigin has i8| nevertheless, a faculty of making a largo pro- 
Jstand Premium Com, wo see is fully ripe. The been the cause of much speculation, in reference por ti on of fat meat compared with the lean. The 
grasshoppers are troubling it somewhat, but they to tho materials from which it was derived. Bake- mutt on does not sell as high in the English mar- 
are not sufficiently numerous to do much mischief, well himself, it is said, sought to envelope tho kot8 , by at lcaat a cen t a pound, as the South-Down, 
I’oTATOKfl are sufiering very much from the pre- subject in mystery. Yet ho could not wholly 0 r tho mountain breeds of Wales and Scotland- 
mature death of the tops. Yesterday, (Sept. 8th.,) screen his operations from tho public eye, and to Tb o advocates of the breed claim that this is over- 
wosaw many fields where the liaulmB were entirely particular friends ho was not wholly unoommuni- ba ianced by the earlier maturity of the Leicester, 
dead, from the effects of the insect described in cative. It is generally admitted that the parent in America, little or no difference is made beiween 
tho Rural a few weeks since, or some other cause, styck of tho Leicester was obtained from various tho mutton of tho South-Down and any other Eng- 
On examining the roots we found the tubers small, breeds. But perhaps tho most direct information ll8h bre ed; but it is probable that, as our people 
not having made more than about half their natu- on the subject is given by Pitt, in his “Survey of comc to apprecittt0 tho difference in tho quality of 
ral growth. About three weeks ago wo saw a fine Leicestershire,” published by tho British Board of meat( tho dlfft . r ent breeds of cattle and sheep will 
field of English Flukes, vigorous and healthy, with Agriculture towards tho close of the last century. 8tand in tbc markets in a similar position to what 
the exception of occasionally a blighted and He informs us that Bakewell formed in bis own they do in England. 
they do in England. 
blackened top Now the haulms are destroyed as mind in the first place, “an idea lof perfection,” The woolofthe Leicester is adapted to combing, 
effectually as though they had endured a week s which he endeavored to realize. le then proceed- aU 8Uch fdbrics a8 com bing wool is used for. 
frost. That insect, the Phytocorus, winch Mr. Hen- ed to select from the flocks around lnm, such sheep Woll . brcd and wcll . kept flock8 averag0 from five to 
derson thinks causes the rot is found in every as came nearest his slandard. borne of those . . )er fi ee< T e wa Gied 
field, and in immense swarms and we saw hun- which he obtained, were said to have descended ° * ' ^ nex^ the^bmiU of long-wooled sheep 
dreds of them feeding on the tender tops of the rom stock, which had several years before been whioh hay0 been derived) more or leB8 , from the 
oars of corn. If this theory of the cause of the brought from a section of Yorkshire, and crossed 
rot is correct our potatoes are destined to suffer with the common sheep of Leicestershire. He 
Leicester, will be spoken of. 
more from the disease this year than at any previ- also bought sheep of jobbers, who brought them 1 * Martin on Sheep, p. 125. 
The above engraving is a vory good represen¬ 
tation of tho Draft-Horse used in England. This 
horse is not an aboriginal breed in that country, 
but was oiiginally imported from tbo Continent. 
William “ the Conqueror,” is supposed to have 
first placed thorn upon British soil, as tho war- 
horses of his Knights and men-at-arms—great 
strength being requisite (so long as armor was in 
fashion) to support tho enormous weight of the 
steel clad warrior, and to withstand the ponderous 
attack of a similar opponent. During tho reign i 
of iho Edwards, repeated importations of those 
animals took place. 
Tho prevailing color of this horse is black; so 
much so, that a distinct breed, under the appella¬ 
tion of the “old bluc/c cart - horse ,' 1 ' 1 is recognized. The 
breed ia pretty generally distributed throughout 
England, aud may bo divided into three kinds—tho 
heavy, massive animal, (as shown in our illustra¬ 
tion ) reared in the rich marshes and plains of tho 
midland counties, expressly for the London Brew¬ 
ers; the Bmaller sized, but still tolerably heavy 
horse, generally employed for agiicnltural purpo¬ 
ses— a strong, compact animal, but slow in motion; 
and a lighter and more active animal, possessing 
somo admixture of blood of a less heavy breed. 
According to the Cyclopedia of Agriculture, 
“ breeders usually eoII them as two-year old colts, 
retaining, as much as possible, mares for their own 
work, and for tho purpose of breeding. The pur¬ 
chasers of theso colts work them moderately till 
they aro four years old, feeding them well during 
this period; and, indeed, previous to their re sale, 
they aro often taken out of work and fattened in 
loose boxes, almost like oxen for the shambles, in 
which state they are supposed to please the eye of 
THE CHINESE SUGAR CANE. 
EXPERIMENTS OP JOSEPH S. LOVKRING. 
In accordance with tho intimation contained in 
tho last issue of the Rural, we commence a detail 
of tho experiments made by Joseph 8. Lovkhino, 
of Philadelphia, for tho purpose of determining 
tho value of tho Chinese Sugar Cane as a sugar 
producing plant It was tho desire of Mr. L. to 
throw what light ho could upon the Bubject, and, 
in tho event of the result proving favorable, to give 
such a formula as would enable tho uninitiated to 
proceed with confidence of success. To this end 
he devoted considerable time — from the 28th of 
September to tho 20th of December, 1857 —and 
brought into active use every appliance that sci¬ 
ence could suggest, in order that all his movements 
might bo as accurate as tho circumstances would 
allow. Whatever is to be the ultimatum in the 
case of this cereal, its cultivators are much indebt¬ 
ed to Mr. Covering for tho energy and tact he has 
displayed. 
On tho 10th of May I planted about half an acre, 
on upland of good quality, such as would yield, in 
ordinary scasonp, fifty to sixty bushels Indian corn 
to the acre. Tho rows four feet apart, and tho 
plants intended to bo six inches apart in tho rows, 
but which, on taking off tho crop, proved to be a 
little over seven inches apart. When the canes 
were about eighteen inches in height, I had tho 
suckers reniovcd. During the month of Juno I 
passed tho hoe-harrow through it twice, a man fol¬ 
lowing with tho hand-lioe, as in tho case of Indian 
corn. It was then left to take care of itself. It 
grew rapidly and evenly, and attained tho height 
of twelve to fourteen feet. 
tho London brewers, for whoso moro particular 
use these pampered animals are bred. Thus the 
colt purchaiod, perhaps for £40, realizos in the 
courso of two j ears, doublo this amount, besides 
working moderately during this period. Thus, if 
the horse does not fall a victim to the various dis¬ 
eases which a redundancy of fat is calculated to 
iuduce, he yields ail ample profit to his feeder.— 
Theso ponderous animals aro frequently seventeen 
hands high; and their sleek and glossy appearance 
as they move majestically through tho streets of 
tho metropolis, presents one of tho most striking 
sights to the eye of the foreigner. That such 
large massive animals are really required, or are 
tho most profitable for their peculiar work, is a 
matter of considerable doubt; however, it is a 
species of pride which has long prevailed amongst 
our London brewers; and, whilst they continue 
tho premium, in the shapo of high prices for these 
massive animals, tho breeding of them will con¬ 
tinue a profitable pursuit, and the streets of tho 
metropolis will continue to exhibit the largest 
horses in the world.” 
Theso heavy horses are much injured, ns a breed, 
by a tendency to weak and convex feet, and to 
ossification of the cartilages and the pasterns; the 
former being tho effect of their great weight act¬ 
ing on tho soft horn induced by moist pastures; 
and tho latter to their great predisposition to 
throw out bone, caused, perhaps, partly by tho 
largo amount of tho phosphates in their food — 
Very many of these horses are rendered useless 
from these morbid deposits, although the latter is 
ho common that scarcely a duty horse In London 
but what possesses, in some degree, these side banes, 
which, in very many instances, do no injury. 
My apparatus and utensils for conducting the 
experiments consisted of tho following, viz:—A 
pair of iron rollers, seven inches diameter and 
twelve inches long, set in a framo one eighth of an 
inch apart, with spout to catch and collect the 
juice, and a crank turned by hand; a few sugar 
moulds and pots; somo ivory black or animal car¬ 
bon; two filters, made of common bed ticking, in 
tho shape of an elongated pudding bag; a ther¬ 
mometer, Beaume’s I’esc-Sirop, or saccharometer, 
aud a polariscopc. All the other utensils i obtain¬ 
ed fiom tho kitchen, viz.; a copper kettlo of ten 
gallons capacity, a ladle, some tin pans, bowls, 
buckets, Ac., to contain the juice. 
First Polauisuopio Observation. — Sept. 28th, 
temperature, noon, 71° F., wind B. W., clear.—Of 
two cancB took tho first joints above the stay roots: 
tut Joint, 9 iuchcii lonK, weighed.118AM gramme*. 
2d .. . L #3.7« “ 
Weight of Ht Joints of two canes,.21Z6yO 
After pasttlng Uieso three times through tho vollera, 
tho biiganso weighed.01580 “ 
Lea\lDg, as weight of juieo,(G9.7 per cent,).118,210 “ 
Measured the Juice, and found 135 fluid grammes; 
specific gravity. 4-W3 
After precipitation by basic acetate of lead, of a 
voluminous green colored fiocculent substance, it 
filtered with difficulty, then completed the decol- 
orizatlon by passing it through animal carbon, and 
found by first observation in polariscopo, 
A deflection of tho ray, right,...••■•• 27“ l 
Add 10 pr cent for dilution by precipitant - 7 ) 29-7 rignt. 
After inversion by H. Cl. left . 1 •')!!! J , 
Add 10 per cent as above. t 2 \ temp. -7 , • - 
Sum of inversion,.“ 
This sum of inversion, (42°.9) at temperature ‘27°, 
indicates 51.35 grammes of pure dry sugar to tho 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
YOU. IX. NO. 38.j 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1858. 
WHOLE NO. m. 
J 
