' ’__rj 
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or two, as fast as the stock can consame the tops, 
which are of a good deal of value. Last season a 
gentleman gave us an estimate of the value of the 
tops of an acre of carrots and ruta bagas, which he 
fed to his cows, and it was so large we thought we 
would not give it to our readers. We did not, how¬ 
ever, doubt the statement. We shall continue our 
“ hints” when we can command more space. 
the Nation for the present year. One feature in 
this Department—the splr-ndid display made by 
those not professional breeders, the farmers of the 
State—must be intensely gratifying to the agricul¬ 
tural progressionist 
Short-lioms .— This breed took precedence, nu¬ 
merically speaking, while of a large portion of the 
animals shown their owners may well be proud.— 
S. P. Chapman’s bull, “Duke of Oxford” — the only 
sample of his herd not disposed of—attracted 
much attention. S. Thorne, though his entries 
were confined to young animals, made a fine show. 
Ontario Co., was well represented by the bull 
“Nigel,” white, 5 years, owned by Tyler & Toby. 
Thos. Richardson, West Farms, West Co., had 
five beautiful animals—imported and native bred. 
Wood & Eastman, Woodville, Jeff. Co., made an 
excellent exhibition. E. Marks, Camillus, pre¬ 
sented one of the largest stocks, mostly young 
animals. John Snell, Brampton, C. W., exhibited 
a bull and heifer which furnished conclusive proof 
that this breed is in favor with our Canadian 
friends. Jas. 0. Sheldon, Geneva; J. F. Con¬ 
verse, and J. CnADwiCK, Jefferson; Oliver Jones, 
Onondaga; W. Hirst; W. Bullock, Bethlehem, Alb. 
Co.; J. R. Paige, Cayuga; E. Cornell, Ithaca; G. 
Butts, Manlius, Onon. Co.; J. K. Tucker, Buffalo; 
A. B. Benham, Tompkins; and a host of others 
whom we would be glad to name did not space 
forbid, furnished their quota of specimens which 
could not fail to please the eye and gratify the ad¬ 
mirers of Durham blood. 
Devons. —The show of Devons was superb—un¬ 
usually full in numbers and of prime quality.— 
Among the exhibitors E. G. Failk, West Farms, 
Westchester Co.; John Coup, Freetown, Cort. Co.; 
C. 8. Wainwkight, Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co.; E. G. 
Cook, Rural Hill, Jeff. Co.; F. Hyatt, Owego, Tioga 
Co.; J. R. Chapman, Oneida Lake, Mad. Co.; G. It. 
& H. Knowles, and It. E. A C. Mills, of Onondaga 
Co., figured conspicuously. Fine animals were 
also shown by F. H. Ellsworth, Columbia; J. W. 
Collins, Sodus; M. Parsons, Onondaga; J. D. 
Eastman and J. Hilton, Oneida. Here, as with 
the Short-horns, we must pass over a large number 
of meritorious animals without mention—suffice it 
to say, no one could have witnessed the display 
made without being ready to grant for these “ red 
coats” all claimed for them by their most ardent 
admirers. 
Ilerefords .—An excellent exposition was made 
of Herefords by Wm. A. Mills of Mt Morris, Liv. 
Co.; M. C. Remington, Cayuga; A. H. Bowen, Me¬ 
dina; E. Corning, Jr., Albany, and others. The 
bull “Prince of Wales,” exhibited by Jno.Humph¬ 
rey’s, of Elyria, Ohio, was a model animal in every 
respect The Herefords elicited much commen¬ 
dation. 
Ayrshires.—S. D. Hungerford, J. Brodie, and J. 
F. Converse— all of Jefferson Co.—exhibited ani¬ 
mals of this blood and a marked amount of atten¬ 
tion was given to the specimens offered. 
Grade Cattle were exhibited in goodly numbers 
— they looked well and doubtless felt about a 3 
good as those who boast a wonderful scarcity of 
“plebeian blood” in their veins. Among the 
prominent exhibitors of Grades and Natives, were 
Gill of Jeff. Co.; Wm. Hirst; J. Bryden, Oneida; 
0. Howland and E. Sheldon, Cayuga; S. A. Wins¬ 
low, Ontario; A. B. Benham, Tompkins; W, Sabin, 
Onondaga. 
Fat Cattle. —No such outrages upon the brute 
creation, as we have heretofore witnessed at our 
Agricultural shows, were exhibited at Syracuse.— 
There were, however, such symptoms of obesity 
observable, as would create feelings of sympathy 
for the animal, had the mercury at all approached 
the nineties. In this respect, we consider the pres¬ 
ent Exhibition a decided improvement—fat piled 
on fat is not what is wanted, but that nice admix¬ 
ture which pleases the sense and leaves man —after 
dinner —on good terms with “ all the world, and 
the rest of mankind.” Messrs. Jas. Farthing of 
Erie Co., Elon Sheldon of Cayuga, M. L. Wilcox 
of Oswego, C. Walker of Genesee, C. Geer of 
Onondaga, and others, presented superior animals. 
HOUSES. 
We expected great things of Onondaga Co. in 
the display of horses. Magnificent animals are 
there in profusion—they were on the Fair Grounds, 
too—but the narrow limits of the horse ring pre¬ 
vented what might have been otherwise obtained, 
a splendid exhibition. Viewing a proud speci¬ 
men of horse-flesh in a tightly-boarded stall, or 
amid the crowd upon the track, “we’ll none of 
it;” and there was no other mode at Syracuse, 
without devoting the entire day thereto. We know 
that Onondaga horsemen feel proud of what they 
have done and can do — we would gladly have 
shared in so commendable a spirit, but circum¬ 
stances prevented, and the pleasurable anticipations 
connected therewith we were obliged to forego.— 
Other parts of the S<:ate, and especially of Western 
and Central New York, were well represented in 
the various classes, as the awards will no doubt 
show. We regret the necessity of so brief a notice 
of the display in this attractive department. 
an original weekly 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
Tub Rural New-Yorker Is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Parity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and nniqno and 
beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his personal atten¬ 
tion to the supervision of its various departments, and eamesUy labors 
to render the Rural an eminently Reliable Guide on the important 
Practical, Scientific and other Subjects iiitimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and 
News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, 
than any other journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultu¬ 
ral, Literary and Family Journal in America. 
NEW YORK STATE FAIR. 
The Annual Exhibition of the N. Y. State Agri¬ 
cultural Society, held at Syracuse, Oct. 5th to 8th 
inclusive, opened auspiciously and was in many 
respects a decided success. Having, in connec¬ 
tion with our assistants, taken very full notes of 
the show in its various departments, we shall en¬ 
deavor to give, in this and the next number of the 
Rural, a synopsis of the most prominent and 
noteworthy features of the whole Exhibition; hut 
as the main portion of our present article is neces¬ 
sarily written and put to press before the close of 
the Fair, we cannot give so connected and com¬ 
plete a report as is desirable. 
The fine weather on the first and second days 
induced a large attendance of exhibitors and vis¬ 
itors, and we believe the receipts were greater than 
during the corresponding period of last year. The 
spacious grounds and exhibition buildings were 
well arranged—evincing order and system in the 
preparations and management. The entries were 
numerous, and the animals and articles presented 
of such quality, and mostly from such sources— 
the practical Farmers, Mechanics and Manufactu¬ 
rers of tho State—as to reflect credit upon the 
skill, industry and ingenuity of the producers rep¬ 
resented. All this gave a prestige of success, and 
at the close of the second day, the officers and 
members of the Society, and others interested in 
its prosperity and objects, had just cause of con¬ 
gratulation upon the result thus far, and the pros¬ 
pect of a triumphant exhibition. The rain storm 
which commenced early on Thursday morning, and 
continued till toward noon, was, however, a great 
check to the anticipated success, and no doubt 
prevented thousands from attending the Fair.— 
How seriously this may affect the result, or lessen 
the receipts, we are of coarse unable to determine. 
In some of the principal departments the display 
at this Fair exceeded that at any previous exhibi¬ 
tion of onr own or any other State Society we ever 
witnessed. This is especially true, we think, in re¬ 
gard to the Stock and Agricultural Implements 
and Machinery—the show in each being unusually 
large, and remarkable for the superior quality of 
the animals and articles exhibited. The competi¬ 
tion in most classes of these departments was close 
and spirited, placing the judges, in many instances, 
in delicate and responsible positions, and of course 
AUTUMN HINTS. 
The people of this country are highly favored 
with beautiful fall weather. Our springs are change¬ 
able, generally wet, cold and unpleasant, and sum¬ 
mer with its bright sunshine, its intense heat, makes 
its advent suddenly. Those who are so disposed 
may complain of the damp and chills of spring, the 
heat of summer and the cold of winter, but no one 
can say aught against onr autumn weather. To 
say it is beautifal giveB no idea of the glory of tho 
American fall, and the gorgeousness of our autumn 
scenery. The trees are just putting on their rich 
autumn dress,—the Virginia Creeper covers the 
tranks of the tall trees with its brilliant scarlet 
foliage, while the Sumachs in the hedge-rows and 
around the fences make the fields look as if sur¬ 
rounded with a belt of fire. The oaks, too, are as¬ 
suming a golden hue, and the maples have put on 
a colored dress more rich, more brilliant, than any 
lady in tho land can boast. Then the mellow haze 
of the atmosphere softens all these bright colors, 
and presents a scene more glorious than poet can 
describe or painter portray. Look up, yo dwellers 
in the country—eDjoy the feast of beauty which a 
kind Father has provided for you—and thank tho 
Giver of all Good that you have so glorious a 
heritage. 
This fine weather we may not only enjoy, but we 
can use it to good advantage. It is just right for 
work—neither too hot nor too cold, and we started 
to give only a hint or two, jastto call to mind what 
ought to he done, or what might be done, at this 
time, when we were rather involuntarily led to 
make the remarks above. We have just returned 
from the State Fair, and from rambling about the 
country, and a visit to the country in the fall, 
always fills our head with just such thoughts, and 
we find ourselves getting them on paper uncon¬ 
sciously, at every convenient and inconvenient 
opportunity. In a week or two we shall become 
settled down again. 
The past summer has been favorable for the 
ripening of all kinds of products. Fruits difficult 
to ripen have been more perfect this fall than we 
have known them for many years. Corn is safe, 
everywhere, we believe. All that is now needed is 
to husk and house safely. The fodder, too, will be 
in good condition generally. We have had some 
sharp frosts here, but not enough to injure the 
stalks. Passing through Oneida county on the 
railroad on the 13th of September last, we noticed 
that corn-stalks were badly injured by a frost that 
had taken place some time previously. Take care 
of all the fodder. Things that seem of little conse¬ 
quence, hardly worth saviDg now, will assume an 
importance you little Euspect before spring, espe¬ 
cially if the winter should be long and tedious. 
Potatoes should he got out of the gronnd now, as 
soon as possible. Hundreds of bushels are every 
year lost in this neighborhood by delaying digging 
until so late that they cannot be Bafely housed be¬ 
fore hard frosts. Above all things, thoroughly dry 
potatoes before burying or putting in the cellar. 
Dry them a little more than you think necessary. 
Just to try the benefit of this, house a small pile 
damp, as they are dug from the ground. 
The pigs should now be fattening. It takes a 
good deal more of food to make a pound of pork 
in cold weather than during autumn. Then in 
gathering crops there is a good deal of food that 
will be fine for hogs, especially if cooked and 
mixed with a little meal, that could not be used 
very well in any other way. We need not particu¬ 
larize. Every farmer will understand. 
Almost all roots make a good growth quite late 
in the fall, therefore, it is desirable to leave them 
in the gronnd as long as possible, particularly if 
they were planted rather late, and have not, there¬ 
fore, made a desirable growth. It is better, how¬ 
ever, to take them np a little too early than too 
late, and delays at this time of the year are very 
dangerous. Sometimes winter sets in suddenly 
and unexpectedly. It is always well to be prepar¬ 
ed for winter as early as possible. It is a very good 
plan to commence digging pretty early, where 
practicable, and continue digging a few every day 
A. PENNSYLVANIA BARN. 
The above design was originally given in Al¬ 
len's “ Rural Architecture.” It is partially on the 
plan of ihe famous Pennsylvania barns, with some 
changes which are thought to he improvements. 
Though given in a former volume of the Rural, 
it will prove of interest to most of our readers at 
the present time. 
This barn is calculated for a grain and stock 
farm—tho “ mixed husbandry ” most profitable in 
many sections of the country. It has underground 
stables and a stoue walled basement, with sheds on 
three sides of the yard. The body of the barn is 
GO by 4G feet; tho posts 18 feet high above the 
sides, the roof spreading and gables hooded, but 
the engraving is incorrect in representing the roof 
as hipped, or gambrel fashion. The large doors 
are 14 feet high, and double, each seven feet wide. 
A slatted blind window is in each gable, for venti¬ 
lation, und a door 9 by 6 feet on the yard side. 
on each side are double stalls G£ feet wide. From 
the two end stalls the cattle passages are five feet 
wide, the partition between the wall running back 
in a slant, from five feet high at the mangers to 
the floor, at that distance from the walls. The 
mangers, j j, are 2 feet wide, or may be 2J feet by 
taking G inches from tho back passage. The pas¬ 
sage between the mangers, is 3 feet wide, and com¬ 
municates with the floor above by trap doors. 
The interior arrangement may he described as 
follows:— A, main floor 12 feet wide, through the 
centre of the barn. H11, are trap-doors, to let hay 
or straw down to the alleys of the stables under¬ 
neath. IS, principal bay 1G feet wide, runs up to 
the roof. C, bay 16 by 2G feet, for the grain mow, 
if required. 1), granary, 13 by 1G feet, and 8 feet 
high. E, storage room for fanning mill, cutting 
box, &c., same size and height as the granary. F, 
is a passage 8 feet wide, to the yard door, through 
which to throw out litter. G G, are the large doors. 
A line of moveable sleepers, or poles, may be laid 
across the floor, 10 feet above it, so as to add to 
the capacity of the ham for storage of hay and 
grain, and the space over the granary, store room, 
and passage, will of course be used for that purpose. 
The underground plan and yard may be arranged 
to suit the convenience of the owner, the cut here 
given dividesitupinto stallsfor stock,though a root 
cellar, calf pens, &c., might occupy a part of the 
space. At the ends, 11, are passages for the stock 
to go into their stalls; and also on the sides, for 
those who attend them. The main passage through 
the entire double line of stalls is 8 feet wide, and 
In front of these stables, is a line of posts, tho 
feet of which rest on large flat stones, and support 
the outer side of the ham, forming a recess of 12 
feet in width, under which may he placed a line of 
racks or mangers for outside cattle, or the manure 
may be housed under it, which is removed from 
the stables by wheelbarrows. The two lines of 
sheds may he occupied in this way, or used for 
sheltering carts, Ac, or they may be carried higher 
than shown in the plan, so as to famish storage 
room for hay and other fodder. 
It will be seen that a driving way is built np to 
the barn doors at the ends, as indeed there always 
should be. It is hardly necessary to remark, that 
this barn is designed to stand on a shelving piece 
of ground, or on a slope, which will admit of its 
cellar stables without much excavation of earth; 
and in such a position it may be economically 
built. The size may be expanded or contracted to 
suit the requirements of the farm, and the cost will 
depend upon this, the price of materials, and the 
convenience of procuring stone on or near the 
farm. 
are not “justly appreciated until they are dead;” 
are reckoned good for nothing except when they 
have “ shuffled off this mortal coil,” (if a perform¬ 
ance of this latter process would place a value upon 
some of those at Syracuse, the quicker they are 
introduced to the knight of the knife the better,) 
but there were samples which had no business 
upon the grounds of a State Fair. “ Small Breeds” 
were indeed small, and the “Large Breeds” didn’t 
amount to much. A few good ones were exhibited, 
hut they could not do away with the disgrace that 
fell upon the class—that were an impossibility— 
and we would advise their owners never to place 
them in such bad company again. Some of the 
best were Bhown by E. C. Bliss, S. D. Hungerford, 
J. Brodie, J. J. Hopper, E. Marks and E. G. Cook, 
poultry. 
The show of poultry was very good. We have 
seen much larger, but never more interesting col¬ 
lections. This was the opinion forced upon us af¬ 
ter a cursory look at the exhibition, and this opin- 
shekp. 
Most descriptions of Sheep were represented by 
splendid specimens, and the numbers were large. 
A. II. Bowen ; E. G. Cook ; J. F. Converse ; 
Hungerfohd, Brodie & Co.; Leggett, of Monroe; 
Wood & Eastman, Jeff. Co.; J. D. Patterson, 
Ghaut Co.; W. Chamberlin, Red Hook, Dutchess 
Co.; E. Marks; Geo. Cross, Dewitt, Onon. Co.; E. 
Gazley, Clinton, Dutchess Co.; Butts & Blanch¬ 
ard, Manlius,Onon. Co.; E. Corning, Jr.; W. Hay¬ 
den, Syracuse; A. Eastman, Ellisburgh, Jeff. Co.; 
E. Rich, Whiting, and J. T. Sticknev, Shereham, 
Vt, were prominent among exhibitors in this De¬ 
partment Sheep-breeders— be their preferences 
what they may—could hardly fail being pleased 
with the display made. Mr. Patterson’s show of 
French Merinos was large and attractive. 
swine. 
We were not favorably impressed with the part 
taken by Porkdom in the vast collection of Domes- 
c Animals. We know swine are much abused; 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
VOL. IX. NO. m 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1858. 
!WHOLE NO. 458. 
