DEC. 11 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
401 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
AN APPEAL FOR MY SISTER TEACHERS. 
It is not my purpose to introduce or advocate 
“ Woman’s Rights,” but Teacher’s Rights. At the 
late Teacher’s Institute of Livingston Co., a reso¬ 
lution was passed to the effect that lady teachers 
should receive the same compensation as gentle¬ 
men. Recently, a lady, well qualified for teaching, 
mentioned the passing of such a resolution to a 
wealthy trustee of one of our district schools, and 
failed to elicit aught hut an unfeeling rebuff. He 
virtually admitted that ladies are generally as well 
qualified, in an educational point of view, and are 
quite as successful in governing our district 
schools, hut still maintained that they would not 
and should not receive an equal compensation for 
their labors. Why was this so? The question re¬ 
mained unanswered. Who can look upon such a 
maD, other than being a hater of woman, her inter¬ 
ests and well-being! How revolting to our ideas 
of justice when a stronger party preys upon a 
weaker, with no other motive than to crush the 
object within its power, because that power is su¬ 
perior. How our sympathies are enlisted in be¬ 
half of the oppressed, and how quickly we lend our 
eid to their rescue. Is it not wrong that man, who 
should be the protector of dependent woman and 
jealously watch over her interests to avenge the 
usurper of her rights, should rise up in rebellion 
to the voice of justice and crush unoffending 
woman to the dust? How strong is the contrast 
between such a course, and the zeal with which our 
cause was advocated by our noble brothers of the 
Institute. 
It has been affirmed that gentlemen should leave 
the profession of teaching for the ladies. Altho’ 
there are many other pursuits in which they may 
engage, not accessible to us, we do not wish to drive 
them from the field. We heartily desire their 
cooperation in this important and responsible voca¬ 
tion. Indeed, the education of our youth would 
be incomplete if intrusted to either sex alone.— 
Man may chisel out the rough, unpolished statue, 
but to woman remains the task of adding a grace 
and beauty to the sculptured marble, which makes 
it almost breathe, as it approaches the perfection 
of the artist’s ideal. All we ask is an equal com¬ 
pensation for an equal task as well performed. If we 
do it not as well we should not be employed, for 
certainly, our male teachers are none too compe¬ 
tent. If we stand as high in our calling, why 
should there be any difference? Is the same 
amount of good of less value because woman is the 
instrument? 
Woman labors under many disadvantages in ar¬ 
riving at the same degree of excellence as a 
teacher, to which man is a stranger. Is she obliged 
to obtain an education by her own hands? the re¬ 
ward which she has received for any labor has 
been so little as to render it nearly impossible for her 
to pursue a liberal course of study, and the poor 
remuneration she has received has made it but a 
small object to prepare for this profession. There 
arc occupations in whiVh a deficiency of physical 
strength rentiers woman incapable of p©r/brzB(?iq 
the same amount of labor, but teaching cannot be 
included. But, notwithstanding difficulties, does 
she not stand as high in her calling as the other 
sex? Her occupation has been that of teaching 
since the days of Mother Eve. 
All the great volume of mind which has led dis¬ 
covery, sounded the trump of freedom, enlarged 
the boundaries of science, beautified the halls of 
art, fathomed the depths of philosophy, or reno¬ 
vated the face of society, has been trained and 
moulded by insignificant woman. To the meek 
and holy Moses are we indebted for the only relia¬ 
ble narrative of a period of two thousand five 
hundred and fifty-three years. We do not know 
that he would ever have written the Pentateuch, 
had not h’s mother early taught him to “prefer 
suffering affliction with the people of God to enjoy¬ 
ing the pleasures of sin for a season.” W r ho but 
woman first instructed the heroes of Rome? There 
were noble mothers and daring sons, loving sisters 
and brave brothers, devoted wives and valiant hus¬ 
bands; and, coming down to the cherished days 
of our own revolution, we read of Mary and Mar¬ 
tha Washington, and join with the “Father of our 
Country” himself in saying that, under God, they 
made him what he was. Woman is destined to be 
the teacher of mankind, and it remains with man 
to furnish a compensation for honest and perse¬ 
vering industry sufficient to enable her to become 
an intelligent instructor. If parsimonious com¬ 
mittees drive our female teachers from the Com¬ 
mon Schools, they will still teach through the sons 
and the brothers whom they educate at the social 
fireside. By the law-givers and the statesmen sent 
forth from the sacred precincts of home to hold in 
their honored hands the reigns of government, 
they will teach. By that sweet and holy influence 
which it is the high privilege of woman to exert, 
she wiil teach. Parents, friends, people, do you 
hope to see your descendants and your country 
great, and good, and noble,—exalted in point of 
excellence and civilization,—educate your daugh¬ 
ters and your sisters, for they are to be the prime 
instructors of the human family. 
Upon the foundations laid in the nursery, are 
built the school-house and the academy, the college, 
and the Ilall of State. After having laid the 
base, shall not woman also lay the corner-stone to 
this beautiful edifice, which is our Common 
School? Our female teachers, above any other of 
their sex, are worthy to be respected, assisted and 
sustained. They occupy that place in the social 
circle which is, of all, the most influential. They 
are not the uninformed, or the plebian, neither are 
they the proud daughters of fashion. None but 
the truly refined mind,—too often well-disciplined 
in the school cf stern necessity, will assume such 
a task. In the teacher’s own mind, the true ideal 
of character must be formed and approach realiza¬ 
tion ere she can understand, or mould the charac¬ 
ter of the pupil. Not having been nursed in the 
lap of luxury and wealth, her ideas of life and 
its end, embrace something higher than mere 
personal gratification or present happiness. Hers 
is not the “poetry of imaginative life, but “the 
simplicity of practical life,” and she looks upon 
the gift of her being as a precious thing entrusted 
to her care, the projector of a battle in which to 
engage is an earnest reality. Her calling permits 
her not to cherish a selfish and exacting spirit, but 
insures patience, forbearance and persevering 
effort Such minds must renovate society, if it is 
done at all. Such, and such alone, should stand at 
the helm to guide the wayward mind of childhood 
across the great ocean of wisdom to be spanned by 
the venturous youth. Strong minds and pure 
hearts should steer the precious craft ’till its cap¬ 
tain learns to grasp the helm with the strength of 
manhood, and can himself guide it to anchorage in 
the sea of eternal rest l r e who have been accus¬ 
tomed to spurn the efforts of those gentle appli¬ 
cants at the door of justice to equal their good 
brothers in the art of teaching, do not any longer 
discourage her who presides in your school-room, 
but lend her a helping hand in her noble endeavor, 
and she will abundantly repay your timely aid. 
PitTard, N. Y., Nov., 1858. Jane E. H-. 
PUNCTUATION. 
We present to the readers of the Journal in this 
article a more remarkable instance of the effect of 
punctuation in changing the meaning of the sen¬ 
tence than any previously given. It is taken from 
Colgrsve’s Grammar, published in Cleveland, Ohio, 
in 1852. 
Richard Green Parker says James Russell Lowell is 
a great genius. 
In giving the different punctuations which this 
sentence may have, we shall not follow the order 
adopted by Mr. Colegrove, nor use italics as he has 
done. 
1. Richard.—Green Parker says, “James Russell 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
2. Richard Green, Parker says, “James Russell 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
3. Richard Green Parker says, “James Russell 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
4. “Richard Green Parker,” says James Russell 
Lowell, “ is a great genius.” 
5. Richard, “Green Parker,” says James Russell 
Lowell, “ is a great genius.” 
6. Richard Green, “Parker,” says James Russell 
Lowell, “is a great genius.” 
7. “ Richard Green Parker,” says James, “ Rus¬ 
sell Lowell is a great genius.” 
8. “Richard Green Parker,” says James Russell 
“ Lowell is a great genius.” 
0. Richard Green Parker says, “James Russell 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
10. Richard Green Parker says, “ James Russell, 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
11. Richard, Green Parker says, “ James Russell 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
12. Richard, Green Parker says, “ Jame3 Russell, 
Rowell is a great genius.” 
13. Richard Green, Parker says, “James, Russell 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
14. Richard Green, Parker says, “James Russell, 
Lowell is a great genius.” 
15. “ Richard Green,” Parker says, “James Rus 
sell Lowell is a great genius.” 
1G. “Richard,” Green Parker says, “James Rus¬ 
sell Lowell is a great genius.” 
We have given two more readings than Mr. 
Colegrove; whether others may not also be given 
we leave the reader to ascertain. 
It is evident that each one of the above exam 
pies will admit of several elocutionary readin - 
which will add to the number of ideas that may 
be conveyed by the sentence. — Indiana School 
Journal. 
MUSICAL PRACTICE AMONG BIRDS. 
Many imagine that birds sing by instinct, and 
that their songs come to them without any labor 
or practice. But ornithologists, who have made 
the habits of the feathered tribe a life-study, hold 
a different theory, and tell of long and laborious 
practices in species and individuals, to acquire a 
facility and compass of song. The following in¬ 
formation, from a practiced observer, will be new 
to many of our readers: 
“ Birds have their peculiar way of song.J&teme 
have a monotonous tone as the bay-wingefl|Rpar- 
row. The yellow bird has a continuous chatter, 
without any particular form of song. The cat 
bird is a mocker; the golden robin has a song of 
its own; but each one may have a song of its own. 
though those of the same locality are apt to sing 
the same tune. The hermit thrush has a round of 
variations, perhaps the sweetest singer of the 
feathered choir. But the song sparrow has the 
most remarkable characteristics of song of any 
bird that sings. 
Every male sparrow has seven independent 
songs of its own—no two having the same notes 
throughout, though sometimes, as if by accident, 
they may hit upon one or more of the same. 
Some males will sing each tune about fifty times, 
though seldom; some will only sing them from 
five to ten times. But so far as I have observed, 
each male ha3 hi3 seven songs. I have applied the 
rule to as many as a dozen bird's, and the result 
has been the same. I would say that it requires a 
great degree of patience, and a goodpear, to come 
at the truth of the matter; but any one may watch 
a male bird while singing, and will find that he 
will change his tune in a few minutes, and then in 
a few minutes more. 
A fine male sparrow has frequented the same 
vicinity five springs in succession, singing the 
same seven songs, always singing, within a circle 
of about twenty rods. On the fifth spring he came 
a month later than usual; another had taken pos¬ 
session of his hunting grounds, so he established 
himself a little one side. I noticed that he sang 
less frequently than of old, and in a few days hia 
song was hushed forever. No doubt old age 
claimed him as a victim. In other cases, I have 
known a singer to return to the same place, two, 
three and four years; but frequently not more than 
one. I think there is not a more interesting or 
remarkable fact in natural history, than the one I 
have related, and it is a fact you may confidently 
believe.”— Fisk's Family Journal. 
WITCHCRAFT IN EUROPE 
WINTER SHOES. 
Hall's Journal of Health gives the following 
sensible advice:—“Like the gnarled oak that has 
withstood the storms and thunderbolts of centu¬ 
ries, man himself begins to die at the extremities. 
Keep the feet dry and warm, and we may snap our 
fingers in joyous triumph at disease and the doc¬ 
tors. Put on two pairs of thick woolen stockings, 
but keep this to yourself; go to some honest son 
of Saint Crispin, and have your measure taken for 
a stout pair of winter boots or shoes; shoes are 
better for ordinary, every-day use, as they allow 
the ready escape of toe odor3, while they strength¬ 
en the ankles accustoming them to depend on 
themselves. A very slight accident is sufficient 
to cause a sprained ankle to an habitual boot- 
wearer. Besides, a shoe compresses less, and 
hence admits of a more vigorous circulation of 
blood. But wear boots when you ride or travel.— 
Give direction, also, to have no cork or India 
rubber about the shoes, but to place between the 
layers of the soles, from out to out, a piece of stout 
hemp or tow linen which has been dipped in melt¬ 
ed pitch. This is absolutely impervious to water 
—does not absorb a particle—while we know that 
cork does, and after awhile becomes ‘soggy’ and 
damp for weeks. When you put them on for the 
first time, they will feel as ‘ easy as an old shoe,’ 
and you may stand on damp places for hours with 
impunity.” 
Treatment of Frosted Feet. — To cure the 
intolerable itching that follows frost bitten toes, 
it is necessary to totally exclude the air from the 
affected part. If it is not accompanied with 
swelling, gum shellac, dissolved in alcohol, ap¬ 
plied so as to form a complete coat, is the easiest 
remedy that I know of. It dries soon, and does 
not adhere to the stockings, and generally lasts 
until they are well. If the flesh becomes swollen 
and painful, plasters of good sticking salve are of 
great service, but, if highly inflamed, any mild 
poultice that will exclude the oxygen of the air 
from the diseased part, and keep it moist, allow¬ 
ing the recuperative powers of nature to do the 
rest— Selected. 
DESCRIPTION OF SNOW-FLAKES. 
Now that winter is with us, pinching our fingers 
and toes, and covering the earth with its pure and 
beautiful mantle, a few facts about the snow will not 
be uninteresting or unprofitable to our young read¬ 
ers. The size of the snow-flakes depends upon two 
causes: when the atmosphere abounds in vapor 
and the temperature is near 32° Fah., the flakes are 
COMPRESSION IN ORATORY. 
Eloquence we are persuaded, will never flourish 
in America, or at home, so long as the public taEte 
is infantile enough to measure the value of speech 
by the hours it occupies, and to exalt copiousness 
and fertility to the absolute disregard of concise¬ 
ness. The efficacy and value of compression c a 
scarcely be overrated. The common air we b( X 
aside with a breath, compressed, ba3 the force of 
gunpowder, and will rend the solid rock; and so it 
is with language. A gentle stream of persuasive¬ 
ness may flow through the mind and leave no se4 i 
ment; let it come at a blow, as a cataract, and it 
sweeps all before it. 
It is by this magnificent compression that Cicero 
confounds Cataline, and Demosthenes overwhelms 
yEschines; by this that Mark Antony, as Shaks- 
pear, makes him speak, carries the heart away with 
a bad cause; by this that Lady Macbeth makes us, 
for the moment, sympathising with murder. The 
language of strong passion is always terse and com¬ 
pressed; genuine conviction uses few words; there 
is something of artifice and dishonesty in a long 
speech. No argument is worth using, because 
none can make a deep impression, that does not 
bear to be stated in a single sentence. Oar mar¬ 
shaling of speeches, essays and books according to 
their lengths, deeming that a great work which 
covers a great space—this inordinate appetite for 
printed paper, which devours so much and so in¬ 
discriminately, that it ha3 no leisure for fairly tast¬ 
ing anything—is pernicious to all kinds of litera¬ 
ture, but fatal to oratory. The writer who aims at 
perfection is forced to dread popularity and steer 
wide from it; the orator who must court popular¬ 
ity, is forced to renounce the pursuit of genuine 
and lasting excellence.— Westminster Review. 
Never Despair. —True hope is based on energy 
of character. A strong mind always hopes, and 
has always cause to hope, because it knows the 
mutability of human affairs, and how slight a cir¬ 
cumstance may change the whole course of events. 
Such a spirit, too, rests upon itself; it is not con¬ 
fined to partial views, or to one particular object, 
and if at last all should be lost, it has saved itself 
—its own integrity and worth. Hope awakens 
courage, while despondency is the last of all evils; 
it is the abandonment of all good—the giving up 
of the battle of life with dead nothingness. He 
who can implant courage in the human soul is its 
best physician.— Von Knebel. 
A Long Walk; After a Diploma. —One of the 
recent graduates at Oberlin, has, during his whole 
preparatory and collegiate course, boarded at his 
father’s, several miles from the College, and walked 
back and forth daily to his recitations. From a 
careful computation, it appeared that at the time 
of his graduation he had walked ten thousand miles. 
He was apparently the youngest of his class, but 
he delivered a Hudibrastic poem on the Union, 
which was received with great favor. His diploma 
was well earned. 
In the course of the century during which this lar 8 e: and as the moistare diminishes and the cold 
fearful persecution was at its height in Germany— vcases - the anow becomes finer. In the former 
from 1580 to 1680—it is calculated that more than -'Edition oi the atmosphere it is not uncommon 
100,000 individuals, nine-tenths of whom were wo- 10 see flakes that are an inch ia diameter - The 
men, were its victims. To the honor of humanity ower the tem P orature leBS the diameter of the 
be it said; some voices wero raised against this lakes * At 10° Fah. sno w-flakes rarely exceed sev- 
blood-thirsty practice, but they were drowned in ea hund redths of an inch in diameter. Snow has 
the general clamor. In every part of Germany n knowa to fal1 with a tem P erature that caused 
Protest ant or Catholic, ,the same atrocities were 0 m ” cnry \° M112? aad 8ven to 20 ° below Kero 
'ewtfVriifW 'At length, lii the year 1G31, the noble- tkia 1S DOt commo:i - 
hearted Count Frederick Stein, himself a ntfnmw- 'he snow-dikes have a great diversity of form, 
of the order of Jesuits—an order which had been which,as every accurate observer will testify, con- 
amongst the most violent denouncers of sorcery_ titute beautiful and regular crystals; and it is the 
ventured to step boldly forward and declare that ' ’pious reflection of light caused by these, that 
among the many whom he had accompanied to the gives snow its brilliant whiteness, 
scaffold, there was not one wnom he could confl- The bulk of snow, just fallen, is ten or twelve 
dently declare guilty. “Trent me so,” he added, :mes greater, (more or less, depending npon the 
" treat in this manner the judges or heads of the .r perature and moisture of the atmosphere,) than 
Church, subject ns to the same tortures, and see if hat of the water produced by melting it. 
you will not discover sorcerers in ns all.” Despite 
this burst of generous indignation, it wns not un¬ 
til 1694 that this incomprehensible insanity began 
| to abate. The last so-called witch burnt in the 
German empire wns a poor nun, aged seventy, in 
the year 1 749, at, Berg. But at Glams, In Gorman 
Switzerland, an execution of a similar nnturo took 
place as late as 1791. This time the victim was a 
servant girl, accused of having practiced diaboli¬ 
cal arts to lame the child of her employers Ger¬ 
many. indeed, seemed to live In an atmosphere of 
sorcery. The ground which Faith had lost Super- 
stition made her own. 
DURATION OF LARVA LIFE 
In the “ Linnaeus Transactions ” there is an in¬ 
teresting account, by Mr. Maraham, of the coming 
forth of the perfect form of Bupreslris splendens, an 
exotic insect, which is a wood borer in its larva 
shape, and which he infers, from the following cir¬ 
cumstances, and have passed full twenty years in 
the larva state. In the year 1810 the perfect insect 
emerged from the wood of a desk made of foreign 
wood, for a public office, in 1788-89, from which 
the long period of its larva existence seems pretty 
clearly shown. It would seem that meat-eating 
lame undergo their change most quickly, and that 
those feeding underground or in wood, are the 
most tardy in their transformations; while those 
which are leaf-feeders, such as those of butterflies, 
Ac., hold a medium place. Bees remain about 
twenty days in the larva stage. The Cossus and 
the May bug are said to pass three years in the 
larva state; and the Beetle— Orycles iiasicomis — 
four years. The larva of the Stag Beetle does not 
change for six years; while some of the wood¬ 
eating lame are supposed to live in that stage 
very much longer.— Insect Vivarium. 
Robert Fulton.— Among a thousand individ¬ 
uals, you might readily point out Robert Fulton.— 
He was conspicuous for his gentlemanly bearing 
and freedom from embarrassment; for his extreme 
activity; his height somewhat over six feet; his 
slender yet energetic form, and well-accommoda¬ 
ted dress; for his full and curly dark brown hair, 
carelessly scattered over his forehead, and falling 
about his neck. His complexion was fair; his 
forehead high; his eyes dark and large and pene¬ 
trating, and revolving in a capacious orbit of 
cavernous depth; his brow was thick, and evinced 
strength and determination; his nose was long 
and prominent; his mouth and lips were beautiful¬ 
ly proportioned, giving the impress of eloquent 
utterance, equally as his eyes displayed, according 
to phrenology, a pictorial talent and the benevo¬ 
lent affections.— Dr. Francis. 
FORMS OF SNOW-FLAKES. 
Isolated crystals unite under angles of 30, 60 and 
120 degrees. These by their different modes of 
union form several hundred distinct varieties of 
snow-flakes. Scores by, an Arctic navigator of 
great celebrity has enumerated six hundred; and 
these are all comprised under five classes. Ac¬ 
cording to Scoresby the star figure, (fig. 4) in the 
diagram given above, is observed when the ther¬ 
mometer is near the freezing point. The hexagon, 
(fig. 2) is seen both in moderate and very low tem¬ 
perature. The diagram given above presents only 
eight of the ninety-six figures delineated by 
Scoresby. From it, however, the reader may be 
led to observe for himself, the great variety of 
forms which Infinite Wisdom has given bodies of 
so small a bulk as snow-flakes. 
The nseB of snow are well known to the intelli¬ 
gent farmer. Tt has been properly Btyled, “the 
poor man’s manure.” It forms a warm covering 
for the soil, and thus defends vegetation from the 
severity of the winter. It also diminishes the in¬ 
tensity of the darkness during the long winter 
nights, and furnishes a favorable opportunity for 
the farmer to replenish his wood-pile, to move his 
fencing materials, and to carry his surplus pro¬ 
duce to market. To the young folks we need not 
speak of the uses of Bnow. Indeed, the boys, and 
girls, too, we think could enlighten us on this point, 
for it is a long time since we went “ coasting ,” or 
took long rides of winter evenings behind fast 
steeds and jingling bells, and beside the girl that 
we thought the best in the whole town. 
THE SEA STAR, OR STAR-FISH. 
Scores of times, in our younger days, after 
storms, or daring low water at “spring-tides,” 
have wo amused ourselves in catching and examin¬ 
ing these singular fish. They are covered with a 
coriaceous crust, and have five or more rays 
proceeding from a centre, in which is sitcated the 
mouth. A prodigious number of tentacula, or 
short fleshy tubes, which seem at once calculated 
to catch prey, and to anchor the animal to the 
rocks, proceed from each ray. The mouth is 
armed with long teeth, for the purpose of breaking 
the shells on which the animals feed. The animal 
breaths by means of gills. The common, or five- 
rayed star-fisb, (Asterias rubens, Lin.) which is the 
species here represented, has five angular rays, 
with prickly protuberances at the angles. Wheu 
alive, it is usually of a brownish white color. Ia 
one of these, which he kept for some time, Mr. 
Bingley observed more than four thousand ten¬ 
tacula, on the under side of the ravs. 
In summer, wheh the water of the tea is warmed 
by the heat of the sun, they float on the surface, 
and in the dark they send forth a kind of shining 
light, resembling that of phosphorus. 
They are often fastened to the rocks, and to the 
largest sea shells, as if to derive their nourishment 
from them. If they be taken and put into spirits 
of wine, they will continue for many years entire; 
but if they be left to the influence of the air, they 
are, in less than four and twenty hours, melted 
down into limpid and offensive water. 
In all of this species, none are found to possess 
a vent for their excrements, but the same passage 
by which they devour their food, serves for the 
ejection of their faeces. These animals, as was said, 
take such variety of figures, that it is impossible 
to describe them under one determinate shape; 
but, in general, their bodies resemble a truncated 
cone, whose base is applied to the rock to which 
they are found usually attached. Though general¬ 
ly transparent, yet they are found of different 
colors, some inclining to green, some to red, some 
to white, and some to brown. Ia some, their 
colors appear diffused over the whole surface; in 
some they are streaked, and in others often spotted. 
They are possessed of a very slow, progressive 
motion, and, in fine weather, they are continually 
seen stretching out and fishing for their prey. 
REPLY TO QUESTIONS OF W. R. B„ MINNESOTA 
“ Is due East and West on a parallel to the equa¬ 
tor?” Certainly not. The question implies that 
the meaning of East and West, as points, is fiot 
understood. Take one of the common definitions, 
as East is the direction in which the sun rises at the 
equinoxes , and West, where the sun sets at the 
equinoxes: er, East and West are the points where 
the equator cuts the horizon, and hence, when the 
sun is on the equator, it must rise at the east, and 
set at the west at all places. The next question ia 
absurd on either of these definitions. For, when 
the sun is at the equator, it rises at the east point 
and disappears below the horizon at the west. At 
the poles of the earth, the east must be on a meri¬ 
dian, or coincide with the south line. 
If “ due East and West” were “on a parallel to 
the equator,” we could not explain the phenomena 
presented. The equator is a circle lying east and 
west, but a parallel to it is not, as the earth is a 
globe or sphere, nearly. 
After the Vernal Equinox “the sun advances 
north” to the time of the summer solstice, or the 
longest day, and of course “ continues to rise and 
set farther north of east and west.” The greater 
the latitude of the place, the further is the rising 
and setting of the sun “north of east and west.” 
Take the time of summer solstice: at this city in 
latitude 43°, the sun rises and sets about thirty de¬ 
grees north of east and west, on that day; at Cin-. 
cinnati, latitude 39°, about twenty-eight degrees; 
at latitude 45°, or near St. Paul’s, about thirty-five 
degrees; and at Hebron, Labrador, latitude 58°, 
about forty-six degrees “ north of east and west,” 
as any one many see on a globe. 
The questions are answered, and the subject ex¬ 
plained once more, it i3 hoped, clearly and defin 
itely. c. d. 
THE INDIAN BEAN. 
Eds. Rural:— I have become a constant reader 
of your valaable sheet. My object in writing to 
you is to introduce a new kind of Bean; the seed 
came from the eastern border of the Indian Terri¬ 
tory. My father, while traveling through that 
country, obtained the seed from an old settler; the 
hill of fare in his travels being pork and this kind 
of bean. They are called the Indian Beau. They 
resemble very much our common pea in shape.— 
I had about a gill of seed which I planted in agar- 
den that my father give me to plant, and to take 
care of. My folks think they are far superior to any 
other kind, even the Lima. They yield largely 
and I think it is a paying crop. They grow some¬ 
thing like a pole bean, half-way between a pole 
and bush bean. The pods are from six to eight 
inches in length and they contain from fifteen to 
twenty beans, and they are well adapted to this 
climate. Cultivate them as you would the hush 
bean. I will send you a small sample and if you 
wish to try more, write me and I will send you a 
small package by mail.—F. S. A., Rockford, III. 
Remarks —We never saw this bean before. It 
is of a reddish drab color, about the form and size 
of our common field pea, and looks more like a 
pea than a bean, and indeed has a good deal of pea 
taste. We will plant the sample sent us, and if as 
valuable as our young friend thinks, we shall con¬ 
sider them quite an addition to our list of vegeta¬ 
bles. _ __ 
Libraries.— Libraries are the shrines where all 
the relics of ancient saints, full of true virtue, and 
that without delusion or imposture, are preserved 
